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The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03
The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03

Chapter XXIV

Chapter 24 of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 is here in full — 104 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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OF THOSE THINGS THAT WEAKEN, OR TEND TO THE DISSOLUTION OF A COMMONWEALTH.
[Sidenote: Dissolution of commonwealths proceedeth from their imperfect institution.]
Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.
For by the nature of their institution, they are designed to live, as long as mankind, or as the laws of nature, or as justice itself, which gives them life.
Therefore when they come to be dissolved, not by external violence, but intestine disorder, the fault is not in men, as they are the _matter_; but as they are the _makers_, and orderers of them.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03

Chapter XXIV

Chapter 24 of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 is here in full — 104 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OF THOSE THINGS THAT WEAKEN, OR TEND TO THE DISSOLUTION OF A COMMONWEALTH.
/ʌv ðoʊz θɪŋz ðæt ˈwiːkən ɔːr tend tuː ðə ˌdɪsəˈluːʃən ʌv ə ˈkɑːmənwelθ/
Line 2
[Sidenote: Dissolution of commonwealths proceedeth from their imperfect institution.]
Line 3
Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.
Line 4
For by the nature of their institution, they are designed to live, as long as mankind, or as the laws of nature, or as justice itself, which gives them life.
/fɔːr baɪ ðə ˈneɪtʃər ʌv ðer ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃən ðeɪ ɑːr dɪˈzaɪnd tuː laɪv æz lɔːŋ æz ˈmænˈkaɪnd ɔːr æz ðə lɔːz ʌv ˈneɪtʃər ɔːr æz ˈdʒʌstəs ˌɪtˈself wɪtʃ ɡɪvz ðem laɪf/
Line 5
Therefore when they come to be dissolved, not by external violence, but intestine disorder, the fault is not in men, as they are the _matter_; but as they are the _makers_, and orderers of them.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

commonwealth noun US /ˈkɑːmənwelθ/

the official name of some states in the United States (Massachusetts and Pennsylvania and Virginia and Kentucky) and associated territories (Puerto Rico)

From this reading “OF THOSE THINGS THAT WEAKEN, OR TEND TO THE DISSOLUTION OF A COMMONWEALTH.”

diseases noun US /dɪˈziːzəz/

plural of “disease” — an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning

From this reading “Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.”

dissolution noun US /ˌdɪsəˈluːʃən/

separation into component parts

From this reading “OF THOSE THINGS THAT WEAKEN, OR TEND TO THE DISSOLUTION OF A COMMONWEALTH.”

dissolved adjective US /dɪˈzɑːlvd/

(of solid matter) reduced to a liquid form

From this reading “Therefore when they come to be dissolved, not by external violence, but intestine disorder, the fault is not in men, as they are the _matter_; but as they are the _makers_, and orderers of them.”

intestine noun US /ˌɪnˈtestən/

the part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus

From this reading “Therefore when they come to be dissolved, not by external violence, but intestine disorder, the fault is not in men, as they are the _matter_; but as they are the _makers_, and orderers of them.”

makers noun US /ˈmeɪkərz/

plural of “maker” — a person who makes things

perishing verb US /ˈperɪʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “perish” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading “Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.”

weaken verb US /ˈwiːkən/

lessen the strength of

From this reading “OF THOSE THINGS THAT WEAKEN, OR TEND TO THE DISSOLUTION OF A COMMONWEALTH.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading OF THOSE THINGS THAT WEAKEN, OR TEND TO THE DISSOLUTION OF A COMMONWEALTH.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Therefore when they come to be dissolved, not by external violence, but intestine disorder, the fault is not in men, as they are the _matter_; but as they are the _makers_, and orderers of them.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading For by the nature of their institution, they are designed to live, as long as mankind, or as the laws of nature, or as justice itself, which gives them life.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading For by the nature of their institution, they are designed to live, as long as mankind, or as the laws of nature, or as justice itself, which gives them life.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Therefore when they come to be dissolved, not by external violence, but intestine disorder, the fault is not in men, as they are the _matter_; but as they are the _makers_, and orderers of them.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Therefore when they come to be dissolved, not by external violence, but intestine disorder, the fault is not in men, as they are the _matter_; but as they are the _makers_, and orderers of them.

COMMONWEALTHnounUS /ˈkɑːmənwelθ/

the official name of some states in the United States (Massachusetts and Pennsylvania and Virginia and Kentucky) and associated territories (Puerto Rico)

From this reading OF THOSE THINGS THAT WEAKEN, OR TEND TO THE DISSOLUTION OF A COMMONWEALTH.

commonwealths

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: Dissolution of commonwealths proceedeth from their imperfect institution.]

designedadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪnd/

done or made or performed with purpose and intent

From this reading For by the nature of their institution, they are designed to live, as long as mankind, or as the laws of nature, or as justice itself, which gives them life.

diseasesnounUS /dɪˈziːzəz/

plural of “disease” — an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

disordernounUS /dɪˈsɔːrdər/

a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning

From this reading Therefore when they come to be dissolved, not by external violence, but intestine disorder, the fault is not in men, as they are the _matter_; but as they are the _makers_, and orderers of them.

DISSOLUTIONnounUS /ˌdɪsəˈluːʃən/

separation into component parts

From this reading OF THOSE THINGS THAT WEAKEN, OR TEND TO THE DISSOLUTION OF A COMMONWEALTH.

dissolvedadjectiveUS /dɪˈzɑːlvd/

(of solid matter) reduced to a liquid form

From this reading Therefore when they come to be dissolved, not by external violence, but intestine disorder, the fault is not in men, as they are the _matter_; but as they are the _makers_, and orderers of them.

externaladjectiveUS /ɪkˈstɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface

From this reading Therefore when they come to be dissolved, not by external violence, but intestine disorder, the fault is not in men, as they are the _matter_; but as they are the _makers_, and orderers of them.

faultnounUS /fɔːlt/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading Therefore when they come to be dissolved, not by external violence, but intestine disorder, the fault is not in men, as they are the _matter_; but as they are the _makers_, and orderers of them.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For by the nature of their institution, they are designed to live, as long as mankind, or as the laws of nature, or as justice itself, which gives them life.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading [Sidenote: Dissolution of commonwealths proceedeth from their imperfect institution.]

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading For by the nature of their institution, they are designed to live, as long as mankind, or as the laws of nature, or as justice itself, which gives them life.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

immortaladjUS /ɪˈmɔːr.t̬əl/

Living forever; never dying or decaying. (Bất tử, trường tồn vĩnh cửu.)

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

imperfectadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɜːrfɪkt/

not perfect; defective or inadequate

From this reading [Sidenote: Dissolution of commonwealths proceedeth from their imperfect institution.]

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Therefore when they come to be dissolved, not by external violence, but intestine disorder, the fault is not in men, as they are the _matter_; but as they are the _makers_, and orderers of them.

institutionnounUS /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃən/

an organization founded and united for a specific purpose

From this reading [Sidenote: Dissolution of commonwealths proceedeth from their imperfect institution.]

internaladjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located within some limits or especially surface

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

intestinenounUS /ˌɪnˈtestən/

the part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus

From this reading Therefore when they come to be dissolved, not by external violence, but intestine disorder, the fault is not in men, as they are the _matter_; but as they are the _makers_, and orderers of them.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Therefore when they come to be dissolved, not by external violence, but intestine disorder, the fault is not in men, as they are the _matter_; but as they are the _makers_, and orderers of them.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading For by the nature of their institution, they are designed to live, as long as mankind, or as the laws of nature, or as justice itself, which gives them life.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading For by the nature of their institution, they are designed to live, as long as mankind, or as the laws of nature, or as justice itself, which gives them life.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading For by the nature of their institution, they are designed to live, as long as mankind, or as the laws of nature, or as justice itself, which gives them life.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading For by the nature of their institution, they are designed to live, as long as mankind, or as the laws of nature, or as justice itself, which gives them life.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading For by the nature of their institution, they are designed to live, as long as mankind, or as the laws of nature, or as justice itself, which gives them life.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading For by the nature of their institution, they are designed to live, as long as mankind, or as the laws of nature, or as justice itself, which gives them life.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

makersnounUS /ˈmeɪkərz/

plural of “maker” — a person who makes things

From this reading Therefore when they come to be dissolved, not by external violence, but intestine disorder, the fault is not in men, as they are the _matter_; but as they are the _makers_, and orderers of them.

mankindnounUS /ˈmænˈkaɪnd/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading For by the nature of their institution, they are designed to live, as long as mankind, or as the laws of nature, or as justice itself, which gives them life.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Therefore when they come to be dissolved, not by external violence, but intestine disorder, the fault is not in men, as they are the _matter_; but as they are the _makers_, and orderers of them.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

mortalsnounUS /ˈmɔːrtəlz/

plural of “mortal” — a human being

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading For by the nature of their institution, they are designed to live, as long as mankind, or as the laws of nature, or as justice itself, which gives them life.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Therefore when they come to be dissolved, not by external violence, but intestine disorder, the fault is not in men, as they are the _matter_; but as they are the _makers_, and orderers of them.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading OF THOSE THINGS THAT WEAKEN, OR TEND TO THE DISSOLUTION OF A COMMONWEALTH.

ORconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading OF THOSE THINGS THAT WEAKEN, OR TEND TO THE DISSOLUTION OF A COMMONWEALTH.

orderers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Therefore when they come to be dissolved, not by external violence, but intestine disorder, the fault is not in men, as they are the _matter_; but as they are the _makers_, and orderers of them.

perishingverbUS /ˈperɪʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “perish” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

pretendverbUS /priˈtend/

make believe with the intent to deceive

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

proceedeth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: Dissolution of commonwealths proceedeth from their imperfect institution.]

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

securedverbUS /sɪˈkjʊrd/

past form of “secure” — get by special effort

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

Sidenote

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: Dissolution of commonwealths proceedeth from their imperfect institution.]

TENDverbUS /tend/

have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined

From this reading OF THOSE THINGS THAT WEAKEN, OR TEND TO THE DISSOLUTION OF A COMMONWEALTH.

THATconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading OF THOSE THINGS THAT WEAKEN, OR TEND TO THE DISSOLUTION OF A COMMONWEALTH.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading OF THOSE THINGS THAT WEAKEN, OR TEND TO THE DISSOLUTION OF A COMMONWEALTH.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading [Sidenote: Dissolution of commonwealths proceedeth from their imperfect institution.]

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading For by the nature of their institution, they are designed to live, as long as mankind, or as the laws of nature, or as justice itself, which gives them life.

ThereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Therefore when they come to be dissolved, not by external violence, but intestine disorder, the fault is not in men, as they are the _matter_; but as they are the _makers_, and orderers of them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

THINGSnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading OF THOSE THINGS THAT WEAKEN, OR TEND TO THE DISSOLUTION OF A COMMONWEALTH.

THOSEdeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading OF THOSE THINGS THAT WEAKEN, OR TEND TO THE DISSOLUTION OF A COMMONWEALTH.

ThoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading OF THOSE THINGS THAT WEAKEN, OR TEND TO THE DISSOLUTION OF A COMMONWEALTH.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

violencenounUS /ˈvaɪələns/

an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists)

From this reading Therefore when they come to be dissolved, not by external violence, but intestine disorder, the fault is not in men, as they are the _matter_; but as they are the _makers_, and orderers of them.

WEAKENverbUS /ˈwiːkən/

lessen the strength of

From this reading OF THOSE THINGS THAT WEAKEN, OR TEND TO THE DISSOLUTION OF A COMMONWEALTH.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Therefore when they come to be dissolved, not by external violence, but intestine disorder, the fault is not in men, as they are the _matter_; but as they are the _makers_, and orderers of them.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Though nothing can be immortal, which mortals make; yet, if men had the use of reason they pretend to, their commonwealths might be secured, at least from perishing by internal diseases.

Chapter 24 of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 by Thomas Hobbes holds 104 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 24 of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 contain?

Chapter 24 holds 104 sentences of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 24 of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03 by Thomas Hobbes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 104 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 24 of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 24 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #73957, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03

Words and structures a reader meets early in The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury — Volume 03; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.