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The Entailed Hat
The Entailed Hat

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Entailed Hat is here in full — 119 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Entailed Hat
Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
TWO WHIGS.
"Goy!
Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.
Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.
"What a night!"
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Entailed Hat

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Entailed Hat is here in full — 119 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
TWO WHIGS.
/tuː wɪɡz/
Line 2
"Goy!
/ɡɔɪ/
Line 3
Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.
Line 4
Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.
Line 5
"What a night!"
/wʌt ə naɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Dover noun US /ˈdoʊvər/

the capital of the state of Delaware

From this reading “Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.”

elms noun US /elmz/

plural of “elm” — any of various trees of the genus Ulmus: important timber or shade trees

From this reading “Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.”

floods noun US /flʌdz/

plural of “flood” — the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land

From this reading “Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.”

Goy noun US /ɡɔɪ/

a Christian as contrasted with a Jew

From this reading “"Goy!”

innocently adverb US /ˈɪnəsəntli/

in a not unlawful manner

From this reading “Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.”

locusts noun US /ˈloʊkəsts/

plural of “locust” — migratory grasshoppers of warm regions having short antennae

From this reading “Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.”

riven verb US /ˈrɪvən/

inflected form of “rive” — tear or be torn violently

From this reading “Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.”

whigs noun US /wɪɡz/

plural of “whig” — a member of the political party that urged social reform in 18th and 19th century England; was the opposition party to the Tories

From this reading “TWO WHIGS.”

All words in this reading · 54

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "What a night!"

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

Clayton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

Custis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

DovernounUS /ˈdoʊvər/

the capital of the state of Delaware

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

elmsnounUS /elmz/

plural of “elm” — any of various trees of the genus Ulmus: important timber or shade trees

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

floodsnounUS /flʌdz/

plural of “flood” — the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

GoynounUS /ɡɔɪ/

a Christian as contrasted with a Jew

From this reading "Goy!

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

innocentlyadverbUS /ˈɪnəsəntli/

in a not unlawful manner

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

JudgeverbUS /dʒʌdʒ/

determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

lightningnounUS /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/

abrupt electric discharge from cloud to cloud or from cloud to earth accompanied by the emission of light

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

locustsnounUS /ˈloʊkəsts/

plural of “locust” — migratory grasshoppers of warm regions having short antennae

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

LookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading "What a night!"

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

risingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

rivenverbUS /ˈrɪvən/

inflected form of “rive” — tear or be torn violently

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

tornadjectiveUS /tɔːrn/

having edges that are jagged from injury

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

tree-tops

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading Look at the trees, friend Custis," said John M. Clayton, standing before his office as the rising sun innocently struck the tree-tops in the public square of Dover.

TWOnounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading TWO WHIGS.

upperadjectiveUS /ˈʌpər/

the topmost one of two

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading "What a night!"

WHIGSnounUS /wɪɡz/

plural of “whig” — a member of the political party that urged social reform in 18th and 19th century England; was the opposition party to the Tories

From this reading TWO WHIGS.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

wind-driven

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading Judge Custis, sitting at an upper window, observed that many noble elms and locusts had been riven by lightning, or torn by wind and wind-driven floods of rain.

Chapter 31 of The Entailed Hat by George Alfred Townsend holds 119 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Entailed Hat contain?

Chapter 31 holds 119 sentences of The Entailed Hat, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Entailed Hat by George Alfred Townsend exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 119 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Entailed Hat?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Entailed Hat

Common questions about reading The Entailed Hat by George Alfred Townsend on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Entailed Hat?

Yes. All 9133 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19146 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Entailed Hat is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19146, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Entailed Hat take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1827 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Entailed Hat section by section

How to work through The Entailed Hat section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of The Entailed Hat to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Entailed Hat

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Entailed Hat, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Wearers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Entailed Hat; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Princess
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Entailed Hat; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Royal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Entailed Hat; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Implies
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Entailed Hat; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.