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The Ethics of Drink and Other Social
The Ethics of Drink and Other Social

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social is here in full — 438 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Ethics of Drink and Other Social
Context Illustration Reading 9/87 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
How _can_ he know where to aim his persuasions with most effect?
Can he really sympathize with the fallen?
He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.
He would be more poignant, and more likely to draw people after him, if he had living images burned into his consciousness.
My own set of pictures all stand out with ghastly plainness as if they were lit up by streaks of fire from the Pit.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Ethics of Drink and Other Social

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social is here in full — 438 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 9/87 · 5 reading units · Lines 41–45

Line 1
How _can_ he know where to aim his persuasions with most effect?
Line 2
Can he really sympathize with the fallen?
/kæn hiː ˈrɪli ˈsɪmpəθaɪz wɪð ðə ˈfɑːlən/
Line 3
He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.
Line 4
He would be more poignant, and more likely to draw people after him, if he had living images burned into his consciousness.
/hiː wʊd biː mɔːr ˈpɔɪnjənt ənd mɔːr ˈlaɪkli tuː drɔː ˈpiːpəl ˈæftər hɪm ɪf hiː hæd ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈɪmədʒəz bɜːrnd ˈɪntuː hɪz ˈkɑːnʃəsnəs/
Line 5
My own set of pictures all stand out with ghastly plainness as if they were lit up by streaks of fire from the Pit.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

blurred adjective US /blɜːrd/

indistinct or hazy in outline

From this reading “He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.”

drunkards noun US /ˈdrʌŋkərdz/

plural of “drunkard” — a chronic drinker

From this reading “He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.”

images noun US /ˈɪmədʒəz/

plural of “image” — an iconic mental representation

From this reading “He would be more poignant, and more likely to draw people after him, if he had living images burned into his consciousness.”

persuasions noun US /pərˈsweɪʒənz/

plural of “persuasion” — the act of persuading (or attempting to persuade); communication intended to induce belief or action

From this reading “How _can_ he know where to aim his persuasions with most effect?”

poignant adjective US /ˈpɔɪnjənt/

arousing affect

From this reading “He would be more poignant, and more likely to draw people after him, if he had living images burned into his consciousness.”

streaks noun US /striːks/

plural of “streak” — an unbroken series of events

From this reading “My own set of pictures all stand out with ghastly plainness as if they were lit up by streaks of fire from the Pit.”

sweetly adverb US /ˈswiːtli/

in an affectionate or loving manner (“sweet” is sometimes a poetic or informal variant of “sweetly”)

From this reading “He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.”

sympathize verb US /ˈsɪmpəθaɪz/

share the feelings of; understand the sentiments of

From this reading “Can he really sympathize with the fallen?”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading He would be more poignant, and more likely to draw people after him, if he had living images burned into his consciousness.

aimverbUS /eɪm/

point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards

From this reading How _can_ he know where to aim his persuasions with most effect?

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading My own set of pictures all stand out with ghastly plainness as if they were lit up by streaks of fire from the Pit.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

apartadverbUS /əˈpɑːrt/

separated or at a distance in place or position or time

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading My own set of pictures all stand out with ghastly plainness as if they were lit up by streaks of fire from the Pit.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He would be more poignant, and more likely to draw people after him, if he had living images burned into his consciousness.

blurredadjectiveUS /blɜːrd/

indistinct or hazy in outline

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

burnedadjectiveUS /bɜːrnd/

treated by heating to a high temperature but below the melting or fusing point

From this reading He would be more poignant, and more likely to draw people after him, if he had living images burned into his consciousness.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading My own set of pictures all stand out with ghastly plainness as if they were lit up by streaks of fire from the Pit.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading How _can_ he know where to aim his persuasions with most effect?

consciousnessnounUS /ˈkɑːnʃəsnəs/

an alert cognitive state in which you are aware of yourself and your situation

From this reading He would be more poignant, and more likely to draw people after him, if he had living images burned into his consciousness.

drawverbUS /drɔː/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading He would be more poignant, and more likely to draw people after him, if he had living images burned into his consciousness.

drunkardsnounUS /ˈdrʌŋkərdz/

plural of “drunkard” — a chronic drinker

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading How _can_ he know where to aim his persuasions with most effect?

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading Can he really sympathize with the fallen?

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading My own set of pictures all stand out with ghastly plainness as if they were lit up by streaks of fire from the Pit.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading My own set of pictures all stand out with ghastly plainness as if they were lit up by streaks of fire from the Pit.

ghastlyadjectiveUS /ˈɡæstli/

shockingly repellent; inspiring horror

From this reading My own set of pictures all stand out with ghastly plainness as if they were lit up by streaks of fire from the Pit.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He would be more poignant, and more likely to draw people after him, if he had living images burned into his consciousness.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading How _can_ he know where to aim his persuasions with most effect?

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He would be more poignant, and more likely to draw people after him, if he had living images burned into his consciousness.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading How _can_ he know where to aim his persuasions with most effect?

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How _can_ he know where to aim his persuasions with most effect?

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading He would be more poignant, and more likely to draw people after him, if he had living images burned into his consciousness.

imagesnounUS /ˈɪmədʒəz/

plural of “image” — an iconic mental representation

From this reading He would be more poignant, and more likely to draw people after him, if he had living images burned into his consciousness.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading He would be more poignant, and more likely to draw people after him, if he had living images burned into his consciousness.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading How _can_ he know where to aim his persuasions with most effect?

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

likelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪkli/

has a good chance of being the case or of coming about

From this reading He would be more poignant, and more likely to draw people after him, if he had living images burned into his consciousness.

litadjectiveUS /lɪt/

provided with artificial light

From this reading My own set of pictures all stand out with ghastly plainness as if they were lit up by streaks of fire from the Pit.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading He would be more poignant, and more likely to draw people after him, if he had living images burned into his consciousness.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading He would be more poignant, and more likely to draw people after him, if he had living images burned into his consciousness.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading How _can_ he know where to aim his persuasions with most effect?

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My own set of pictures all stand out with ghastly plainness as if they were lit up by streaks of fire from the Pit.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading My own set of pictures all stand out with ghastly plainness as if they were lit up by streaks of fire from the Pit.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading My own set of pictures all stand out with ghastly plainness as if they were lit up by streaks of fire from the Pit.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading He would be more poignant, and more likely to draw people after him, if he had living images burned into his consciousness.

persuasionsnounUS /pərˈsweɪʒənz/

plural of “persuasion” — the act of persuading (or attempting to persuade); communication intended to induce belief or action

From this reading How _can_ he know where to aim his persuasions with most effect?

picturesnounUS /ˈpɪktʃərz/

plural of “picture” — a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading My own set of pictures all stand out with ghastly plainness as if they were lit up by streaks of fire from the Pit.

PitnounUS /pɪt/

A large hole in the ground, or an abyss of darkness and peril.

From this reading My own set of pictures all stand out with ghastly plainness as if they were lit up by streaks of fire from the Pit.

plainnessnoun

the state of being unmixed with other material

From this reading My own set of pictures all stand out with ghastly plainness as if they were lit up by streaks of fire from the Pit.

poignantadjectiveUS /ˈpɔɪnjənt/

arousing affect

From this reading He would be more poignant, and more likely to draw people after him, if he had living images burned into his consciousness.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading Can he really sympathize with the fallen?

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading My own set of pictures all stand out with ghastly plainness as if they were lit up by streaks of fire from the Pit.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading My own set of pictures all stand out with ghastly plainness as if they were lit up by streaks of fire from the Pit.

starnounUS /stɑːr/

(astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

streaksnounUS /striːks/

plural of “streak” — an unbroken series of events

From this reading My own set of pictures all stand out with ghastly plainness as if they were lit up by streaks of fire from the Pit.

sweetlyadverbUS /ˈswiːtli/

in an affectionate or loving manner (“sweet” is sometimes a poetic or informal variant of “sweetly”)

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

sympathizeverbUS /ˈsɪmpəθaɪz/

share the feelings of; understand the sentiments of

From this reading Can he really sympathize with the fallen?

talksnounUS /tɔːks/

a discussion intended to produce an agreement

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Can he really sympathize with the fallen?

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading My own set of pictures all stand out with ghastly plainness as if they were lit up by streaks of fire from the Pit.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading How _can_ he know where to aim his persuasions with most effect?

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading My own set of pictures all stand out with ghastly plainness as if they were lit up by streaks of fire from the Pit.

visionnounUS /ˈvɪʒən/

a vivid mental image

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

wastrels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading My own set of pictures all stand out with ghastly plainness as if they were lit up by streaks of fire from the Pit.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading How _can_ he know where to aim his persuasions with most effect?

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He has never lived with drunkards or wastrels; he is apart, like a star, and I half think that he only has a blurred vision of the things about which he talks so sweetly.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading How _can_ he know where to aim his persuasions with most effect?

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He would be more poignant, and more likely to draw people after him, if he had living images burned into his consciousness.

Chapter 1 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social by James Runciman holds 438 sentences, grouped into 88 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social contain?

Chapter 1 holds 438 sentences of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social, unabridged, divided into 88 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social by James Runciman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 438 sentences, grouped into 88 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social?

Work through the 88 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 88 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Ethics of Drink and Other Social

Common questions about reading The Ethics of Drink and Other Social by James Runciman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social?

Yes. All 3423 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13365 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13365, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Ethics of Drink and Other Social take to read?

About 285 minutes of reading across 685 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Ethics of Drink and Other Social

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Ethics of Drink and Other Social, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

James
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Runciman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dream
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.