Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Ethics of Drink and Other Social
The Ethics of Drink and Other Social

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social is here in full — 425 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Ethics of Drink and Other Social
Context Illustration Reading 1/85 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?
People are not cruel by nature, but the vague picturesque language of historians and other general writers prevents men and women from forming just opinions.
I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?
Well, for our parts, we shall be very cautious before we raise any agitation that might force our Government into any conflict.
We can die if our liberties are threatened, for there are circumstances in which it would be shameful to live, but we shall never do anything which may bring about results such as those before us."
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Ethics of Drink and Other Social

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social is here in full — 425 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?
/huː ʃæl spiːk ʌv ðə ˈɑːfəl məˈnɑːtəni ʌv ðə ˈhɑːspɪtəl kæmps wer men daɪ laɪk flaɪz ənd wer rəˈɡret ˈsɪmpəθi ˈkaɪndnəs ɑːr ˈblɑːtəd frʌm ðə ˈhɑːrdənd ˈsoʊldʒərz brest/
Line 2
People are not cruel by nature, but the vague picturesque language of historians and other general writers prevents men and women from forming just opinions.
/ˈpiːpəl ɑːr nɑːt ˈkruːəl baɪ ˈneɪtʃər bʌt ðə veɪɡ ˈpɪktʃərəsk ˈlæŋɡwədʒ ʌv hɪˈstɔːriənz ənd ˈʌðər ˈdʒenərəl ˈraɪtərz prɪˈvents men ənd ˈwɪmən frʌm ˈfɔːrmɪŋ dʒʌst əˈpɪnjənz/
Line 3
I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?
Line 4
Well, for our parts, we shall be very cautious before we raise any agitation that might force our Government into any conflict.
/wel fɔːr ˈaʊər pɑːrts wiː ʃæl biː ˈveri ˈkɔːʃəs bɪˈfɔːr wiː reɪz ˈeni ˌædʒəˈteɪʃən ðæt maɪt fɔːrs ˈaʊər ˈɡʌvərmənt ˈɪntuː ˈeni ˈkɑːnflɪkt/
Line 5
We can die if our liberties are threatened, for there are circumstances in which it would be shameful to live, but we shall never do anything which may bring about results such as those before us."
/wiː kæn daɪ ɪf ˈaʊər ˈlɪbərtiːz ɑːr ˈθretənd fɔːr ðer ɑːr ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz ɪn wɪtʃ ɪt wʊd biː ˈʃeɪmfəl tuː laɪv bʌt wiː ʃæl ˈnevər duː ˈeniθɪŋ wɪtʃ meɪ brɪŋ əˈbaʊt rɪˈzʌlts sʌtʃ æz ðoʊz bɪˈfɔːr ʌs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

blotted verb US /ˈblɑːtəd/

inflected form of “blot” — dry (ink) with blotting paper

From this reading “Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?”

camps noun US /kæmps/

plural of “camp” — temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading “Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?”

historians noun US /hɪˈstɔːriənz/

plural of “historian” — a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it

From this reading “People are not cruel by nature, but the vague picturesque language of historians and other general writers prevents men and women from forming just opinions.”

liberties noun US /ˈlɪbərtiːz/

plural of “liberty” — immunity from arbitrary exercise of authority: political independence

From this reading “We can die if our liberties are threatened, for there are circumstances in which it would be shameful to live, but we shall never do anything which may bring about results such as those before us."”

monotony noun US /məˈnɑːtəni/

the quality of wearisome constancy, routine, and lack of variety

From this reading “Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?”

prevents verb US /prɪˈvents/

third-person singular of “prevent” — keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading “People are not cruel by nature, but the vague picturesque language of historians and other general writers prevents men and women from forming just opinions.”

soldier's noun US /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

possessive form of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading “Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?”

transported verb US /trænˈspɔːrtɪd/

past form of “transport” — move something or somebody around; usually over long distances

From this reading “I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?”

All words in this reading · 111

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading We can die if our liberties are threatened, for there are circumstances in which it would be shameful to live, but we shall never do anything which may bring about results such as those before us."

agitationnounUS /ˌædʒəˈteɪʃən/

a mental state of extreme emotional disturbance

From this reading Well, for our parts, we shall be very cautious before we raise any agitation that might force our Government into any conflict.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading We can die if our liberties are threatened, for there are circumstances in which it would be shameful to live, but we shall never do anything which may bring about results such as those before us."

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading We can die if our liberties are threatened, for there are circumstances in which it would be shameful to live, but we shall never do anything which may bring about results such as those before us."

awfuladjectiveUS /ˈɑːfəl/

exceptionally bad or displeasing

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

battle-field

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Well, for our parts, we shall be very cautious before we raise any agitation that might force our Government into any conflict.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

blottedverbUS /ˈblɑːtəd/

inflected form of “blot” — dry (ink) with blotting paper

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

breastnounUS /brest/

the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading We can die if our liberties are threatened, for there are circumstances in which it would be shameful to live, but we shall never do anything which may bring about results such as those before us."

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading People are not cruel by nature, but the vague picturesque language of historians and other general writers prevents men and women from forming just opinions.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading People are not cruel by nature, but the vague picturesque language of historians and other general writers prevents men and women from forming just opinions.

campsnounUS /kæmps/

plural of “camp” — temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading We can die if our liberties are threatened, for there are circumstances in which it would be shameful to live, but we shall never do anything which may bring about results such as those before us."

cautiousadjectiveUS /ˈkɔːʃəs/

showing careful forethought

From this reading Well, for our parts, we shall be very cautious before we raise any agitation that might force our Government into any conflict.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading We can die if our liberties are threatened, for there are circumstances in which it would be shameful to live, but we shall never do anything which may bring about results such as those before us."

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

conflictnounUS /ˈkɑːnflɪkt/

an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)

From this reading Well, for our parts, we shall be very cautious before we raise any agitation that might force our Government into any conflict.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

crueladjectiveUS /ˈkruːəl/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading People are not cruel by nature, but the vague picturesque language of historians and other general writers prevents men and women from forming just opinions.

dieverbUS /daɪ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading We can die if our liberties are threatened, for there are circumstances in which it would be shameful to live, but we shall never do anything which may bring about results such as those before us."

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

fliesnounUS /flaɪz/

(theater) the space over the stage (out of view of the audience) used to store scenery (drop curtains)

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Well, for our parts, we shall be very cautious before we raise any agitation that might force our Government into any conflict.

formingverbUS /ˈfɔːrmɪŋ/

-ing form of “form” — create (as an entity)

From this reading People are not cruel by nature, but the vague picturesque language of historians and other general writers prevents men and women from forming just opinions.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

gazers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading People are not cruel by nature, but the vague picturesque language of historians and other general writers prevents men and women from forming just opinions.

GovernmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading Well, for our parts, we shall be very cautious before we raise any agitation that might force our Government into any conflict.

hardenedadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdənd/

used of persons; emotionally hardened

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

historiansnounUS /hɪˈstɔːriənz/

plural of “historian” — a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it

From this reading People are not cruel by nature, but the vague picturesque language of historians and other general writers prevents men and women from forming just opinions.

hospitalnounUS /ˈhɑːspɪtəl/

a health facility where patients receive treatment

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Well, for our parts, we shall be very cautious before we raise any agitation that might force our Government into any conflict.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading People are not cruel by nature, but the vague picturesque language of historians and other general writers prevents men and women from forming just opinions.

kindnessnounUS /ˈkaɪndnəs/

the quality of being warmhearted and considerate and humane and sympathetic

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading People are not cruel by nature, but the vague picturesque language of historians and other general writers prevents men and women from forming just opinions.

libertiesnounUS /ˈlɪbərtiːz/

plural of “liberty” — immunity from arbitrary exercise of authority: political independence

From this reading We can die if our liberties are threatened, for there are circumstances in which it would be shameful to live, but we shall never do anything which may bring about results such as those before us."

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading We can die if our liberties are threatened, for there are circumstances in which it would be shameful to live, but we shall never do anything which may bring about results such as those before us."

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading We can die if our liberties are threatened, for there are circumstances in which it would be shameful to live, but we shall never do anything which may bring about results such as those before us."

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Well, for our parts, we shall be very cautious before we raise any agitation that might force our Government into any conflict.

monotonynounUS /məˈnɑːtəni/

the quality of wearisome constancy, routine, and lack of variety

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading People are not cruel by nature, but the vague picturesque language of historians and other general writers prevents men and women from forming just opinions.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading We can die if our liberties are threatened, for there are circumstances in which it would be shameful to live, but we shall never do anything which may bring about results such as those before us."

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading People are not cruel by nature, but the vague picturesque language of historians and other general writers prevents men and women from forming just opinions.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

opinionsnounUS /əˈpɪnjənz/

plural of “opinion” — a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading People are not cruel by nature, but the vague picturesque language of historians and other general writers prevents men and women from forming just opinions.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading People are not cruel by nature, but the vague picturesque language of historians and other general writers prevents men and women from forming just opinions.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Well, for our parts, we shall be very cautious before we raise any agitation that might force our Government into any conflict.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading Well, for our parts, we shall be very cautious before we raise any agitation that might force our Government into any conflict.

PeoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading People are not cruel by nature, but the vague picturesque language of historians and other general writers prevents men and women from forming just opinions.

picturesqueadjectiveUS /ˈpɪktʃərəsk/

suggesting or suitable for a picture; pretty as a picture

From this reading People are not cruel by nature, but the vague picturesque language of historians and other general writers prevents men and women from forming just opinions.

populationnounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən/

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

preventsverbUS /prɪˈvents/

third-person singular of “prevent” — keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading People are not cruel by nature, but the vague picturesque language of historians and other general writers prevents men and women from forming just opinions.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

raiseverbUS /reɪz/

raise the level or amount of something

From this reading Well, for our parts, we shall be very cautious before we raise any agitation that might force our Government into any conflict.

regretverbUS /rəˈɡret/

feel remorse for; feel sorry for; be contrite about

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

resultsnounUS /rɪˈzʌlts/

plural of “result” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading We can die if our liberties are threatened, for there are circumstances in which it would be shameful to live, but we shall never do anything which may bring about results such as those before us."

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

shamefuladjectiveUS /ˈʃeɪmfəl/

(used of conduct or character) deserving or bringing disgrace or shame

From this reading We can die if our liberties are threatened, for there are circumstances in which it would be shameful to live, but we shall never do anything which may bring about results such as those before us."

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

soldier'snounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

possessive form of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading We can die if our liberties are threatened, for there are circumstances in which it would be shameful to live, but we shall never do anything which may bring about results such as those before us."

sympathynounUS /ˈsɪmpəθi/

an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading We can die if our liberties are threatened, for there are circumstances in which it would be shameful to live, but we shall never do anything which may bring about results such as those before us."

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading We can die if our liberties are threatened, for there are circumstances in which it would be shameful to live, but we shall never do anything which may bring about results such as those before us."

threatenedadjectiveUS /ˈθretənd/

(of flora or fauna) likely in the near future to become endangered

From this reading We can die if our liberties are threatened, for there are circumstances in which it would be shameful to live, but we shall never do anything which may bring about results such as those before us."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

transportedverbUS /trænˈspɔːrtɪd/

past form of “transport” — move something or somebody around; usually over long distances

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading We can die if our liberties are threatened, for there are circumstances in which it would be shameful to live, but we shall never do anything which may bring about results such as those before us."

vagueadjectiveUS /veɪɡ/

not clearly expressed or understood

From this reading People are not cruel by nature, but the vague picturesque language of historians and other general writers prevents men and women from forming just opinions.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Well, for our parts, we shall be very cautious before we raise any agitation that might force our Government into any conflict.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Well, for our parts, we shall be very cautious before we raise any agitation that might force our Government into any conflict.

WelladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Well, for our parts, we shall be very cautious before we raise any agitation that might force our Government into any conflict.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading We can die if our liberties are threatened, for there are circumstances in which it would be shameful to live, but we shall never do anything which may bring about results such as those before us."

WhopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Who shall speak of the awful monotony of the hospital camps, where men die like flies, and where regret, sympathy, kindness are blotted from the hardened soldier's breast?

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading People are not cruel by nature, but the vague picturesque language of historians and other general writers prevents men and women from forming just opinions.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

woundednounUS /ˈwuːndɪd/

people who are wounded

From this reading I believe that, if one hundred wounded men could be transported from a battle-field and laid down in the public square of any town or city for the population to see, then the gazers would say among themselves, "So this is war, is it?

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading People are not cruel by nature, but the vague picturesque language of historians and other general writers prevents men and women from forming just opinions.

Chapter 2 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social by James Runciman holds 425 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social contain?

Chapter 2 holds 425 sentences of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social by James Runciman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 425 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Ethics of Drink and Other Social

Common questions about reading The Ethics of Drink and Other Social by James Runciman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social?

Yes. All 3423 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13365 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13365, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Ethics of Drink and Other Social take to read?

About 285 minutes of reading across 685 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Ethics of Drink and Other Social section by section

How to work through The Ethics of Drink and Other Social section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Ethics of Drink and Other Social

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Ethics of Drink and Other Social, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

James
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Runciman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dream
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.