Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Ethics of Drink and Other Social
The Ethics of Drink and Other Social

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social is here in full — 413 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Ethics of Drink and Other Social
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.
The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.
The cheap, nasty, gaudy garments are an index to a vast vulgarity of mind and soul; the cheap "swell" is a sham, and, as a sham, he is immoral and repulsive.
But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.
Once or twice I have said that you cannot really love any one wholly unless you can sometimes laugh at him.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Ethics of Drink and Other Social

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social is here in full — 413 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.
Line 2
The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.
/ðə ˈɑːfəl ˈbiːɪŋz huː wer felt hæts swʌŋ ɑːn wʌn saɪd ˈɡlerɪŋ taɪz əbˈtruːsɪv tʃeks ənd ˈkæri ˈvʌlɡər ˈlɪtəl stɪks ɑːr soʊ æbˈhɔːrənt ðæt aɪ ʃʊd ˈdʒɜːrni ə ˈdʌzən maɪlz tuː ɪˈskeɪp ˈmiːtɪŋ wʌn ʌv ðem/
Line 3
The cheap, nasty, gaudy garments are an index to a vast vulgarity of mind and soul; the cheap "swell" is a sham, and, as a sham, he is immoral and repulsive.
/ðə tʃiːp ˈnæsti ˈɡɔːdi ˈɡɑːrmənts ɑːr æn ˈɪndeks tuː ə væst vəlˈɡerɪti ʌv maɪnd ənd soʊl ðə tʃiːp swel ɪz ə ʃæm ənd æz ə ʃæm hiː ɪz ˌɪˈmɔːrəl ənd riˈpʌlsɪv/
Line 4
But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.
Line 5
Once or twice I have said that you cannot really love any one wholly unless you can sometimes laugh at him.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abhorrent adjective US /æbˈhɔːrənt/

offensive to the mind

From this reading “The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.”

adornment noun US /əˈdɔːrnmənt/

a decoration of color or interest that is added to relieve plainness

From this reading “But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.”

immoral adjective US /ˌɪˈmɔːrəl/

deliberately violating accepted principles of right and wrong

From this reading “The cheap, nasty, gaudy garments are an index to a vast vulgarity of mind and soul; the cheap "swell" is a sham, and, as a sham, he is immoral and repulsive.”

index noun US /ˈɪndeks/

a numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with some reference number

From this reading “The cheap, nasty, gaudy garments are an index to a vast vulgarity of mind and soul; the cheap "swell" is a sham, and, as a sham, he is immoral and repulsive.”

indicates verb US /ˈɪndɪkeɪts/

third-person singular of “indicate” — be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading “Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.”

obtrusive adjective US /əbˈtruːsɪv/

sticking out; protruding

From this reading “The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.”

subtly adverb US /ˈsʌtəli/

in a subtle manner

From this reading “But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.”

tends verb US /tendz/

third-person singular of “tend” — have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined

From this reading “But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.”

All words in this reading · 121

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

abhorrentadjectiveUS /æbˈhɔːrənt/

offensive to the mind

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

adornmentnounUS /əˈdɔːrnmənt/

a decoration of color or interest that is added to relieve plainness

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

affordverbUS /əˈfɔːrd/

be able to spare or give up

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The cheap, nasty, gaudy garments are an index to a vast vulgarity of mind and soul; the cheap "swell" is a sham, and, as a sham, he is immoral and repulsive.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Once or twice I have said that you cannot really love any one wholly unless you can sometimes laugh at him.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

Arry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The cheap, nasty, gaudy garments are an index to a vast vulgarity of mind and soul; the cheap "swell" is a sham, and, as a sham, he is immoral and repulsive.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Once or twice I have said that you cannot really love any one wholly unless you can sometimes laugh at him.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

attractiveadjectiveUS /əˈtræktɪv/

pleasing to the eye or mind especially through beauty or charm

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

awfuladjectiveUS /ˈɑːfəl/

exceptionally bad or displeasing

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

beingsnounUS /ˈbiːɪŋz/

plural of “being” — the state or fact of existing

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

cheapadjectiveUS /tʃiːp/

relatively low in price or charging low prices

From this reading The cheap, nasty, gaudy garments are an index to a vast vulgarity of mind and soul; the cheap "swell" is a sham, and, as a sham, he is immoral and repulsive.

checksnounUS /tʃeks/

plural of “check” — a written order directing a bank to pay money

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

contriveverbUS /kənˈtraɪv/

make or work out a plan for; devise

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

copynounUS /ˈkɑːpi/

a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

dozennounUS /ˈdʌzən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

escapenounUS /ɪˈskeɪp/

the act of escaping physically

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

EvenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

fastidiousnessnoun

the trait of being meticulous about matters of taste or style

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

fellownounUS /ˈfeloʊ/

a boy or man

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

garmentsnounUS /ˈɡɑːrmənts/

plural of “garment” — an article of clothing

From this reading The cheap, nasty, gaudy garments are an index to a vast vulgarity of mind and soul; the cheap "swell" is a sham, and, as a sham, he is immoral and repulsive.

gaudyadjectiveUS /ˈɡɔːdi/

tastelessly showy

From this reading The cheap, nasty, gaudy garments are an index to a vast vulgarity of mind and soul; the cheap "swell" is a sham, and, as a sham, he is immoral and repulsive.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

glaringadjectiveUS /ˈɡlerɪŋ/

shining intensely

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

hatsnounUS /hæts/

plural of “hat” — headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Once or twice I have said that you cannot really love any one wholly unless you can sometimes laugh at him.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Once or twice I have said that you cannot really love any one wholly unless you can sometimes laugh at him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

immoraladjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmɔːrəl/

deliberately violating accepted principles of right and wrong

From this reading The cheap, nasty, gaudy garments are an index to a vast vulgarity of mind and soul; the cheap "swell" is a sham, and, as a sham, he is immoral and repulsive.

indexnounUS /ˈɪndeks/

a numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with some reference number

From this reading The cheap, nasty, gaudy garments are an index to a vast vulgarity of mind and soul; the cheap "swell" is a sham, and, as a sham, he is immoral and repulsive.

indicatesverbUS /ˈɪndɪkeɪts/

third-person singular of “indicate” — be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The cheap, nasty, gaudy garments are an index to a vast vulgarity of mind and soul; the cheap "swell" is a sham, and, as a sham, he is immoral and repulsive.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

laughnounUS /læf/

the sound of laughing

From this reading Once or twice I have said that you cannot really love any one wholly unless you can sometimes laugh at him.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading Once or twice I have said that you cannot really love any one wholly unless you can sometimes laugh at him.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

meetingnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading The cheap, nasty, gaudy garments are an index to a vast vulgarity of mind and soul; the cheap "swell" is a sham, and, as a sham, he is immoral and repulsive.

modestadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdəst/

marked by simplicity; having a humble opinion of yourself

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

nastyadjectiveUS /ˈnæsti/

offensive or even (of persons) malicious

From this reading The cheap, nasty, gaudy garments are an index to a vast vulgarity of mind and soul; the cheap "swell" is a sham, and, as a sham, he is immoral and repulsive.

neatadjectiveUS /niːt/

clean or organized

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

obtrusiveadjectiveUS /əbˈtruːsɪv/

sticking out; protruding

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

OnceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Once or twice I have said that you cannot really love any one wholly unless you can sometimes laugh at him.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Once or twice I have said that you cannot really love any one wholly unless you can sometimes laugh at him.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

pleasingadjectiveUS /ˈpliːzɪŋ/

giving pleasure and satisfaction

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

raiseverbUS /reɪz/

raise the level or amount of something

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading Once or twice I have said that you cannot really love any one wholly unless you can sometimes laugh at him.

repulsiveadjectiveUS /riˈpʌlsɪv/

offensive to the mind

From this reading The cheap, nasty, gaudy garments are an index to a vast vulgarity of mind and soul; the cheap "swell" is a sham, and, as a sham, he is immoral and repulsive.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Once or twice I have said that you cannot really love any one wholly unless you can sometimes laugh at him.

seemlyadjective

according with custom or propriety

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

self-respectnounUS /ˌselfrɪˈspekt/

the quality of being worthy of esteem or respect

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

shamnounUS /ʃæm/

something that is a counterfeit; not what it seems to be

From this reading The cheap, nasty, gaudy garments are an index to a vast vulgarity of mind and soul; the cheap "swell" is a sham, and, as a sham, he is immoral and repulsive.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

signnounUS /saɪn/

a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

slightestadjectiveUS /ˈslaɪtəst/

superlative of “slight” — (quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with “a”) at least some

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading Once or twice I have said that you cannot really love any one wholly unless you can sometimes laugh at him.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading The cheap, nasty, gaudy garments are an index to a vast vulgarity of mind and soul; the cheap "swell" is a sham, and, as a sham, he is immoral and repulsive.

sticksnounUS /stɪks/

plural of “stick” — an implement consisting of a length of wood

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

subtlyadverbUS /ˈsʌtəli/

in a subtle manner

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

sullying

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

swellverbUS /swel/

increase in size, magnitude, number, or intensity

From this reading The cheap, nasty, gaudy garments are an index to a vast vulgarity of mind and soul; the cheap "swell" is a sham, and, as a sham, he is immoral and repulsive.

swungverbUS /swʌŋ/

inflected form of “swing” — move in a curve or arc, usually with the intent of hitting

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

tendsverbUS /tendz/

third-person singular of “tend” — have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

tiesnounUS /taɪz/

plural of “tie” — neckwear consisting of a long narrow piece of material worn (mostly by men) under a collar and tied in knot at the front

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

tracenounUS /treɪs/

a just detectable amount

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

twiceadverbUS /twaɪs/

two times

From this reading Once or twice I have said that you cannot really love any one wholly unless you can sometimes laugh at him.

unlessconjunctionUS /ənˈles/

except if; if not

From this reading Once or twice I have said that you cannot really love any one wholly unless you can sometimes laugh at him.

unrestraintnoun

the quality of lacking restraint

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading The cheap, nasty, gaudy garments are an index to a vast vulgarity of mind and soul; the cheap "swell" is a sham, and, as a sham, he is immoral and repulsive.

vulgaradjectiveUS /ˈvʌlɡər/

lacking refinement or cultivation or taste

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

vulgaritynounUS /vəlˈɡerɪti/

the quality of lacking taste and refinement

From this reading The cheap, nasty, gaudy garments are an index to a vast vulgarity of mind and soul; the cheap "swell" is a sham, and, as a sham, he is immoral and repulsive.

wearverbUS /wer/

be dressed in

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

welcomeverbUS /ˈwelkəm/

accept gladly

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The awful beings who wear felt hats swung on one side, glaring ties, obtrusive checks, and carry vulgar little sticks, are so abhorrent that I should journey a dozen miles to escape meeting one of them.

whollyadverbUS /ˈhoʊli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Once or twice I have said that you cannot really love any one wholly unless you can sometimes laugh at him.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Once or twice I have said that you cannot really love any one wholly unless you can sometimes laugh at him.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Even if a young fellow cannot afford fine clothes, he can be neat, and I always welcome the slightest sign of fastidiousness, because it indicates self-respect.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading But the modest youth need not copy the wild unrestraint of the gentleman known as "'Arry"; he can contrive to make himself attractive without sullying his appearance by a trace of cheap and nasty adornment, and every attempt which he makes to look seemly and pleasing tends subtly to raise his own character.

Chapter 4 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social by James Runciman holds 413 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social contain?

Chapter 4 holds 413 sentences of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social by James Runciman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 413 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Ethics of Drink and Other Social

Common questions about reading The Ethics of Drink and Other Social by James Runciman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social?

Yes. All 3423 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13365 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13365, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Ethics of Drink and Other Social take to read?

About 285 minutes of reading across 685 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Ethics of Drink and Other Social section by section

How to work through The Ethics of Drink and Other Social section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Ethics of Drink and Other Social

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Ethics of Drink and Other Social, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

James
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Runciman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dream
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.