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The Ethics of Drink and Other Social
The Ethics of Drink and Other Social

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social is here in full — 389 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/77 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
There spoke the old fighter, "Duty first, and take your chance of the rest."
True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?
It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."
When I hear the merry pressman chatting about little wars and proudly looking down on "mere skirmishes," I cannot restrain a movement of impatience.
Are our few dead not to be considered because they were few?
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Ethics of Drink and Other Social

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social is here in full — 389 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/77 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
There spoke the old fighter, "Duty first, and take your chance of the rest."
/ðer spoʊk ðə oʊld ˈfaɪtər ˈduːti fɜːrst ənd teɪk jɔːr tʃæns ʌv ðə rest/
Line 2
True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?
/truː bʌt kʊd nɑːt wʌn ˈɔːlmoʊst wɪʃ ðæt ðoʊz fərˈlɔːrn ˈhɪroʊz huː seɪvd ˈaʊər frənˈtɪr frʌm ˈsævədʒ hɔːrdz maɪt hæv ɡeɪnd dʒʌst ə ˈlɪtəl ʌv ðæt preɪz soʊ dɪr tuː ðə ˈfrɪvələs maɪnd ʌv mæn/
Line 3
It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."
Line 4
When I hear the merry pressman chatting about little wars and proudly looking down on "mere skirmishes," I cannot restrain a movement of impatience.
Line 5
Are our few dead not to be considered because they were few?
/ɑːr ˈaʊər fjuː ded nɑːt tuː biː kənˈsɪdərd bɪˈkɔːz ðeɪ wɜːr fjuː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

clerk's noun US /klɜːrks/

possessive form of “clerk” — an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading “It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."”

fighters noun US /ˈfaɪtərz/

plural of “fighter” — someone who fights (or is fighting)

From this reading “It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."”

glens noun US /ɡlenz/

plural of “glen” — a narrow secluded valley (in the mountains)

From this reading “It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."”

hillsides noun US /ˈhɪlsaɪdz/

plural of “hillside” — the side or slope of a hill

From this reading “It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."”

hordes noun US /hɔːrdz/

plural of “horde” — a vast multitude

From this reading “True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?”

pressman noun US /ˈpresmən/

someone whose occupation is printing

From this reading “When I hear the merry pressman chatting about little wars and proudly looking down on "mere skirmishes," I cannot restrain a movement of impatience.”

regimental adjective US /ˌredʒəˈmentəl/

belonging to or concerning a regiment

From this reading “It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."”

skirmishes noun US /ˈskɜːrmɪʃɪz/

plural of “skirmish” — a minor short-term fight

From this reading “When I hear the merry pressman chatting about little wars and proudly looking down on "mere skirmishes," I cannot restrain a movement of impatience.”

All words in this reading · 99

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading When I hear the merry pressman chatting about little wars and proudly looking down on "mere skirmishes," I cannot restrain a movement of impatience.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There spoke the old fighter, "Duty first, and take your chance of the rest."

Areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Are our few dead not to be considered because they were few?

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading Are our few dead not to be considered because they were few?

bonesnounUS /boʊnz/

(used in the plural) a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When I hear the merry pressman chatting about little wars and proudly looking down on "mere skirmishes," I cannot restrain a movement of impatience.

chancenounUS /tʃæns/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading There spoke the old fighter, "Duty first, and take your chance of the rest."

chattingverbUS /ˈtʃætɪŋ/

inflected form of “chat” — talk socially without exchanging too much information

From this reading When I hear the merry pressman chatting about little wars and proudly looking down on "mere skirmishes," I cannot restrain a movement of impatience.

clerk'snounUS /klɜːrks/

possessive form of “clerk” — an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading Are our few dead not to be considered because they were few?

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

curtadjectiveUS /kɜːrt/

marked by rude or peremptory shortness

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

DutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading There spoke the old fighter, "Duty first, and take your chance of the rest."

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

far-distant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Are our few dead not to be considered because they were few?

fighternounUS /ˈfaɪtər/

someone who fights (or is fighting)

From this reading There spoke the old fighter, "Duty first, and take your chance of the rest."

fightersnounUS /ˈfaɪtərz/

plural of “fighter” — someone who fights (or is fighting)

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading There spoke the old fighter, "Duty first, and take your chance of the rest."

flowsnounUS /floʊz/

plural of “flow” — the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

forlornadjectiveUS /fərˈlɔːrn/

marked by or showing hopelessness

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

frivolousadjectiveUS /ˈfrɪvələs/

not serious in content or attitude or behavior

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

frontiernounUS /frənˈtɪr/

a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

glensnounUS /ɡlenz/

plural of “glen” — a narrow secluded valley (in the mountains)

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading When I hear the merry pressman chatting about little wars and proudly looking down on "mere skirmishes," I cannot restrain a movement of impatience.

heroesnounUS /ˈhɪroʊz/

plural of “hero” — a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

hillsidesnounUS /ˈhɪlsaɪdz/

plural of “hillside” — the side or slope of a hill

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

hordesnounUS /hɔːrdz/

plural of “horde” — a vast multitude

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading When I hear the merry pressman chatting about little wars and proudly looking down on "mere skirmishes," I cannot restrain a movement of impatience.

impatiencenounUS /ˌɪmˈpeɪʃəns/

a lack of patience; irritation with anything that causes delay

From this reading When I hear the merry pressman chatting about little wars and proudly looking down on "mere skirmishes," I cannot restrain a movement of impatience.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

kindlyadjectiveUS /ˈkaɪndli/

showing or motivated by sympathy and understanding and generosity

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

listverbUS /lɪst/

give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading When I hear the merry pressman chatting about little wars and proudly looking down on "mere skirmishes," I cannot restrain a movement of impatience.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

markverbUS /mɑːrk/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

men'snounUS /menz/

a public toilet for men

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading When I hear the merry pressman chatting about little wars and proudly looking down on "mere skirmishes," I cannot restrain a movement of impatience.

merryadjectiveUS /ˈmeri/

full of or showing high-spirited merriment

From this reading When I hear the merry pressman chatting about little wars and proudly looking down on "mere skirmishes," I cannot restrain a movement of impatience.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

movementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading When I hear the merry pressman chatting about little wars and proudly looking down on "mere skirmishes," I cannot restrain a movement of impatience.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There spoke the old fighter, "Duty first, and take your chance of the rest."

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading There spoke the old fighter, "Duty first, and take your chance of the rest."

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

praisenounUS /preɪz/

an expression of approval and commendation

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

pressmannounUS /ˈpresmən/

someone whose occupation is printing

From this reading When I hear the merry pressman chatting about little wars and proudly looking down on "mere skirmishes," I cannot restrain a movement of impatience.

proudlyadverbUS /ˈpraʊdli/

with pride; in a proud manner

From this reading When I hear the merry pressman chatting about little wars and proudly looking down on "mere skirmishes," I cannot restrain a movement of impatience.

recordnounUS /rəˈkɔːrd/

anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

regimentaladjectiveUS /ˌredʒəˈmentəl/

belonging to or concerning a regiment

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading There spoke the old fighter, "Duty first, and take your chance of the rest."

restrainverbUS /riˈstreɪn/

to close within bounds, or otherwise limit or deprive of free movement

From this reading When I hear the merry pressman chatting about little wars and proudly looking down on "mere skirmishes," I cannot restrain a movement of impatience.

savageadjectiveUS /ˈsævədʒ/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

saveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

savedadjectiveUS /seɪvd/

rescued; especially from the power and consequences of sin

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

skirmishesnounUS /ˈskɜːrmɪʃɪz/

plural of “skirmish” — a minor short-term fight

From this reading When I hear the merry pressman chatting about little wars and proudly looking down on "mere skirmishes," I cannot restrain a movement of impatience.

sleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading There spoke the old fighter, "Duty first, and take your chance of the rest."

sunkadjectiveUS /sʌŋk/

doomed to extinction

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading There spoke the old fighter, "Duty first, and take your chance of the rest."

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading There spoke the old fighter, "Duty first, and take your chance of the rest."

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There spoke the old fighter, "Duty first, and take your chance of the rest."

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Are our few dead not to be considered because they were few?

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

TrueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

unknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

valleysnounUS /ˈvæliz/

plural of “valley” — a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

warsnounUS /wɔːrz/

plural of “war” — the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading When I hear the merry pressman chatting about little wars and proudly looking down on "mere skirmishes," I cannot restrain a movement of impatience.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Are our few dead not to be considered because they were few?

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When I hear the merry pressman chatting about little wars and proudly looking down on "mere skirmishes," I cannot restrain a movement of impatience.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

wishverbUS /wɪʃ/

hope for; have a wish

From this reading True; but could not one almost wish that those forlorn heroes who saved our frontier from savage hordes might have gained just a little of that praise so dear to the frivolous mind of man?

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was not to be; the dead men's bones have long ago sunk into the kindly earth, the wind flows down the valleys, and the fighters sleep in the unknown glens and on far-distant hillsides with no record save the curt clerk's mark in the regimental list--"Dead."

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading There spoke the old fighter, "Duty first, and take your chance of the rest."

Chapter 8 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social by James Runciman holds 389 sentences, grouped into 78 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social contain?

Chapter 8 holds 389 sentences of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social, unabridged, divided into 78 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social by James Runciman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 389 sentences, grouped into 78 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social?

Work through the 78 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 78 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Ethics of Drink and Other Social

Common questions about reading The Ethics of Drink and Other Social by James Runciman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social?

Yes. All 3423 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13365 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13365, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Ethics of Drink and Other Social take to read?

About 285 minutes of reading across 685 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Ethics of Drink and Other Social

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Ethics of Drink and Other Social, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

James
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Runciman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dream
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ethics of Drink and Other Social; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.