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The Expedition of Humphry Clinker
The Expedition of Humphry Clinker

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Expedition of Humphry Clinker is here in full — 72 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
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I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.
He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.
All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.
The views of the ladies were exactly the same.
They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Expedition of Humphry Clinker

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Expedition of Humphry Clinker is here in full — 72 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.
/aɪ wɑːz ʃɑːkt æt hɪz ˌɪnfætʃuːˈeɪʃən ənd tʃeɪndʒd ðə səbˈdʒekt ˈæftər wiː hæd əˈɡriːd tuː meɪnˈteɪn ə kloʊs ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndəns fɔːr ðə ˈfjuːtʃər/
Line 2
He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.
/hiː ðen ɡeɪv miː tuː ˌʌndərˈstænd ðæt hiː hæd tuː ˈneɪbərz huː laɪk hɪmˈself wɜːr ˈdrɪvən baɪ ðer waɪvz æt fʊl spiːd ɪn ðə haɪ roʊd tuː ˈbæŋkrəpsi ənd ˈruːən/
Line 3
All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.
Line 4
The views of the ladies were exactly the same.
/ðə vjuːz ʌv ðə ˈleɪdiz wɜːr ɪɡˈzæktli ðə seɪm/
Line 5
They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bankruptcy noun US /ˈbæŋkrəpsi/

a state of complete lack of some abstract property

From this reading “He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.”

dispositions noun US /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “disposition” — your usual mood

From this reading “All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.”

infatuation noun US /ˌɪnfætʃuːˈeɪʃən/

a foolish and usually extravagant passion or love or admiration

From this reading “I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.”

ostentation noun US /ˌɔːstenˈteɪʃən/

a gaudy outward display

From this reading “They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.”

piqued verb US /piːkt/

past form of “pique” — cause to feel resentment or indignation

From this reading “They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.”

trebled verb US /ˈtrebəld/

past form of “treble” — sing treble

From this reading “They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.”

variation noun US /ˌveriˈeɪʃən/

an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change

From this reading “All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.”

vied verb US /vaɪd/

past form of “vie” — compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others

From this reading “They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.

admirablyadverbUS /ˈædmərəbli/

in an admirable manner

From this reading All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

agreedadjectiveUS /əˈɡriːd/

united by being of the same opinion

From this reading I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.

bankruptcynounUS /ˈbæŋkrəpsi/

a state of complete lack of some abstract property

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

Chickwell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.

consorts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.

correspondencenounUS /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndəns/

communication by the exchange of letters

From this reading I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.

dispositionsnounUS /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “disposition” — your usual mood

From this reading All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

exactlyadverbUS /ɪɡˈzæktli/

indicating exactness or preciseness

From this reading The views of the ladies were exactly the same.

figurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.

fortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

futureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

grandeurnounUS /ɡrænˈduːr/

the quality of being magnificent or splendid or grand

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.

husbandsnounUS /ˈhʌzbəndz/

plural of “husband” — a married man; a woman's partner in marriage

From this reading All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

infatuationnounUS /ˌɪnfætʃuːˈeɪʃən/

a foolish and usually extravagant passion or love or admiration

From this reading I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

keepingnounUS /ˈkiːpɪŋ/

conformity or harmony

From this reading All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.

ladiesnounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

plural of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading The views of the ladies were exactly the same.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

maintainverbUS /meɪnˈteɪn/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

neighbouringverbUS /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/

-ing form of “neighbour” — live or be located as a neighbor

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

neighboursnounUS /ˈneɪbərz/

plural of “neighbour” — a person who lives (or is located) near another

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.

ostentationnounUS /ˌɔːstenˈteɪʃən/

a gaudy outward display

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

peeressnoun

a woman of the peerage in Britain

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

piquedverbUS /piːkt/

past form of “pique” — cause to feel resentment or indignation

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.

revenuenounUS /ˈrevənuː/

the entire amount of income before any deductions are made

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

ruinnounUS /ˈruːən/

an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading The views of the ladies were exactly the same.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

shockedadjectiveUS /ʃɑːkt/

struck with fear, dread, or consternation

From this reading I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

speedverbUS /spiːd/

move hurridly

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.

subjectionnoun

forced submission to control by others

From this reading All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.

suitedadjectiveUS /ˈsuːtɪd/

meant or adapted for an occasion or use

From this reading All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.

trebledverbUS /ˈtrebəld/

past form of “treble” — sing treble

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

variationnounUS /ˌveriˈeɪʃən/

an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change

From this reading All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading All the three husbands were of dispositions very different from each other, and, according to this variation, their consorts were admirably suited to the purpose of keeping them all three in subjection.

viedverbUS /vaɪd/

past form of “vie” — compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

viewsnounUS /vjuːz/

plural of “view” — a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading The views of the ladies were exactly the same.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading I was shocked at his infatuation, and changed the subject, after we had agreed to maintain a close correspondence for the future.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading They vied in grandeur, that is, in ostentation, with the wife of Sir Charles Chickwell, who had four times their fortune; and she again piqued herself upon making an equal figure with a neighbouring peeress, whose revenue trebled her own.

wivesnounUS /waɪvz/

plural of “wife” — a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading He then gave me to understand, that he had two neighbours, who, like himself, were driven by their wives at full speed, in the high road to bankruptcy and ruin.

Chapter 31 of The Expedition of Humphry Clinker by T. (Tobias) Smollett holds 72 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Expedition of Humphry Clinker contain?

Chapter 31 holds 72 sentences of The Expedition of Humphry Clinker, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Expedition of Humphry Clinker by T. (Tobias) Smollett exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 72 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Expedition of Humphry Clinker?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

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Common questions about reading The Expedition of Humphry Clinker by T. (Tobias) Smollett on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Expedition of Humphry Clinker?

Yes. All 2927 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2160 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #2160, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Expedition of Humphry Clinker take to read?

About 243 minutes of reading across 586 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Expedition of Humphry Clinker

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Expedition of Humphry Clinker, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Henry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Expedition of Humphry Clinker; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Davis
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Expedition of Humphry Clinker; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bookseller
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Expedition of Humphry Clinker; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Expedition of Humphry Clinker; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.