Chapter IV · Chapter 4

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

elevation especially above sea level or above the earth's surface

From this reading In Fairlands, the social rating is largely marked by altitude.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

plural of “block” — a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides)

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading The city, lying in the lap of the hills and looking a little down upon the valley--plebeian business together with those who do the work of Fairlands occupies the lowest levels in the corporate limits.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In Fairlands, the social rating is largely marked by altitude.

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading That is,--in the English of everyday,--people of different classes live in different parts of the city.

plural of “class” — a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading That is,--in the English of everyday,--people of different classes live in different parts of the city.

without doubt or question

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

of or belonging to a corporation

From this reading The city, lying in the lap of the hills and looking a little down upon the valley--plebeian business together with those who do the work of Fairlands occupies the lowest levels in the corporate limits.

clearly characterized or delimited

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading That is,--in the English of everyday,--people of different classes live in different parts of the city.

plural of “district” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading The city, lying in the lap of the hills and looking a little down upon the valley--plebeian business together with those who do the work of Fairlands occupies the lowest levels in the corporate limits.

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The city, lying in the lap of the hills and looking a little down upon the valley--plebeian business together with those who do the work of Fairlands occupies the lowest levels in the corporate limits.

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading That is,--in the English of everyday,--people of different classes live in different parts of the city.

plural of “establishment” — the act of forming or establishing something

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

found in the ordinary course of events

From this reading That is,--in the English of everyday,--people of different classes live in different parts of the city.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

set up or found

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

with respect to geography

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

a high place

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The city, lying in the lap of the hills and looking a little down upon the valley--plebeian business together with those who do the work of Fairlands occupies the lowest levels in the corporate limits.

plural of “home” — where you live at a particular time

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading That is,--in the English of everyday,--people of different classes live in different parts of the city.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

lie partly over or alongside of something or of one another

From this reading The city, lying in the lap of the hills and looking a little down upon the valley--plebeian business together with those who do the work of Fairlands occupies the lowest levels in the corporate limits.

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading In Fairlands, the social rating is largely marked by altitude.

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

plural of “level” — a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading The city, lying in the lap of the hills and looking a little down upon the valley--plebeian business together with those who do the work of Fairlands occupies the lowest levels in the corporate limits.

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

plural of “limit” — the greatest possible degree of something

From this reading The city, lying in the lap of the hills and looking a little down upon the valley--plebeian business together with those who do the work of Fairlands occupies the lowest levels in the corporate limits.

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The city, lying in the lap of the hills and looking a little down upon the valley--plebeian business together with those who do the work of Fairlands occupies the lowest levels in the corporate limits.

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading That is,--in the English of everyday,--people of different classes live in different parts of the city.

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading The city, lying in the lap of the hills and looking a little down upon the valley--plebeian business together with those who do the work of Fairlands occupies the lowest levels in the corporate limits.

lowest in rank or importance

From this reading The city, lying in the lap of the hills and looking a little down upon the valley--plebeian business together with those who do the work of Fairlands occupies the lowest levels in the corporate limits.

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading The city, lying in the lap of the hills and looking a little down upon the valley--plebeian business together with those who do the work of Fairlands occupies the lowest levels in the corporate limits.

the act of making something (a product) from raw materials

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading In Fairlands, the social rating is largely marked by altitude.

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

third-person singular of “occupy” — keep busy with

From this reading The city, lying in the lap of the hills and looking a little down upon the valley--plebeian business together with those who do the work of Fairlands occupies the lowest levels in the corporate limits.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading That is,--in the English of everyday,--people of different classes live in different parts of the city.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

the local environment

From this reading That is,--in the English of everyday,--people of different classes live in different parts of the city.

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading That is,--in the English of everyday,--people of different classes live in different parts of the city.

any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

plural of “plant” — buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

one of the common people

From this reading The city, lying in the lap of the hills and looking a little down upon the valley--plebeian business together with those who do the work of Fairlands occupies the lowest levels in the corporate limits.

an appraisal of the value of something

From this reading In Fairlands, the social rating is largely marked by altitude.

be sold at the retail level

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

express in words

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

a person with advanced knowledge of one or more sciences

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

plural of “slum” — a district of a city marked by poverty and inferior living conditions

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

relating to human society and its members

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

not in physical motion

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

plural of “store” — a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

plural of “stratum” — one of several parallel layers of material arranged one on top of another (such as a layer of tissue or cells in an organism or a layer of sedimentary rock)

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

a run-down apartment house barely meeting minimal standards

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

in or at that place or location

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The city, lying in the lap of the hills and looking a little down upon the valley--plebeian business together with those who do the work of Fairlands occupies the lowest levels in the corporate limits.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading The city, lying in the lap of the hills and looking a little down upon the valley--plebeian business together with those who do the work of Fairlands occupies the lowest levels in the corporate limits.

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The city, lying in the lap of the hills and looking a little down upon the valley--plebeian business together with those who do the work of Fairlands occupies the lowest levels in the corporate limits.

relating to or concerned with a city or densely populated area

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading The city, lying in the lap of the hills and looking a little down upon the valley--plebeian business together with those who do the work of Fairlands occupies the lowest levels in the corporate limits.

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

in or at the place that

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

which person or people

From this reading The city, lying in the lap of the hills and looking a little down upon the valley--plebeian business together with those who do the work of Fairlands occupies the lowest levels in the corporate limits.

at a wholesale price

From this reading As certain streets and blocks are given to the wholesale establishments, others to retail stores, and still others to the manufacturing plants; so there are the tenement districts, the slums, and the streets where may be found the homes of wealth and fashion.

in the company of; together with

From this reading The city, lying in the lap of the hills and looking a little down upon the valley--plebeian business together with those who do the work of Fairlands occupies the lowest levels in the corporate limits.

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The city, lying in the lap of the hills and looking a little down upon the valley--plebeian business together with those who do the work of Fairlands occupies the lowest levels in the corporate limits.

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading At the House on Fairlands Heights As my friend the social scientist would say; it is a phenomenon peculiar to urban life, that the social strata are more or less clearly defined geographically.