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The Fallen Leaves
The Fallen Leaves

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Fallen Leaves is here in full — 201 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/40 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Toff’s interference proved to have its use.
The announcement of the little supper--plainly implying Simple Sally’s reception at the cottage--reminded Amelius of his responsibilities.
He at once stepped out into the passage, and closed the door behind him.
The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.
Do you know that you have put me in a very awkward position?”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Fallen Leaves

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Fallen Leaves is here in full — 201 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/40 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Toff’s interference proved to have its use.
Line 2
The announcement of the little supper--plainly implying Simple Sally’s reception at the cottage--reminded Amelius of his responsibilities.
Line 3
He at once stepped out into the passage, and closed the door behind him.
/hiː æt wʌns stept aʊt ˈɪntuː ðə ˈpæsədʒ ənd kloʊzd ðə dɔːr bɪˈhaɪnd hɪm/
Line 4
The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.
Line 5
Do you know that you have put me in a very awkward position?”
/duː juː noʊ ðæt juː hæv pʊt miː ɪn ə ˈveri ˈɑːkwərd pəˈzɪʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

announcement noun US /əˈnaʊnsmənt/

a formal public statement

From this reading “The announcement of the little supper--plainly implying Simple Sally’s reception at the cottage--reminded Amelius of his responsibilities.”

appealingly adverb US /əˈpiːlɪŋli/

in an appealing manner

From this reading “The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.”

implying verb US /ˌɪmˈplaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “imply” — express or state indirectly

From this reading “The announcement of the little supper--plainly implying Simple Sally’s reception at the cottage--reminded Amelius of his responsibilities.”

interference noun US /ˌɪntərˈfɪrəns/

a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries

From this reading “Toff’s interference proved to have its use.”

palms noun US /pɑːmz/

plural of “palm” — the inner surface of the hand from the wrist to the base of the fingers

From this reading “The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.”

reprimanded verb US /ˈreprəmændɪd/

past form of “reprimand” — rebuke formally

From this reading “The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.”

responsibilities noun US /riˌspɑːnsəˈbɪlətiz/

plural of “responsibility” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading “The announcement of the little supper--plainly implying Simple Sally’s reception at the cottage--reminded Amelius of his responsibilities.”

Sally's noun US /ˈsæliz/

possessive form of “sally” — witty remark

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

Amelius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The announcement of the little supper--plainly implying Simple Sally’s reception at the cottage--reminded Amelius of his responsibilities.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He at once stepped out into the passage, and closed the door behind him.

announcementnounUS /əˈnaʊnsmənt/

a formal public statement

From this reading The announcement of the little supper--plainly implying Simple Sally’s reception at the cottage--reminded Amelius of his responsibilities.

appealinglyadverbUS /əˈpiːlɪŋli/

in an appealing manner

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The announcement of the little supper--plainly implying Simple Sally’s reception at the cottage--reminded Amelius of his responsibilities.

awkwardadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkwərd/

causing inconvenience

From this reading “Do you know that you have put me in a very awkward position?”

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading He at once stepped out into the passage, and closed the door behind him.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

closedadjectiveUS /kloʊzd/

not open or affording passage or access

From this reading He at once stepped out into the passage, and closed the door behind him.

cottagenounUS /ˈkɑːtədʒ/

a small house with a single story

From this reading The announcement of the little supper--plainly implying Simple Sally’s reception at the cottage--reminded Amelius of his responsibilities.

Doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading “Do you know that you have put me in a very awkward position?”

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading He at once stepped out into the passage, and closed the door behind him.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

earsnounUS /ɪrz/

plural of “ear” — the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

FrenchmannounUS /ˈfrentʃmæn/

a person of French nationality

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Toff’s interference proved to have its use.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He at once stepped out into the passage, and closed the door behind him.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He at once stepped out into the passage, and closed the door behind him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The announcement of the little supper--plainly implying Simple Sally’s reception at the cottage--reminded Amelius of his responsibilities.

implyingverbUS /ˌɪmˈplaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “imply” — express or state indirectly

From this reading The announcement of the little supper--plainly implying Simple Sally’s reception at the cottage--reminded Amelius of his responsibilities.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “Do you know that you have put me in a very awkward position?”

interferencenounUS /ˌɪntərˈfɪrəns/

a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries

From this reading Toff’s interference proved to have its use.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading He at once stepped out into the passage, and closed the door behind him.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Toff’s interference proved to have its use.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading “Do you know that you have put me in a very awkward position?”

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The announcement of the little supper--plainly implying Simple Sally’s reception at the cottage--reminded Amelius of his responsibilities.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “Do you know that you have put me in a very awkward position?”

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

modelnounUS /ˈmɑːdəl/

a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

muteadjectiveUS /mjuːt/

expressed without speech

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The announcement of the little supper--plainly implying Simple Sally’s reception at the cottage--reminded Amelius of his responsibilities.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading He at once stepped out into the passage, and closed the door behind him.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading He at once stepped out into the passage, and closed the door behind him.

palmsnounUS /pɑːmz/

plural of “palm” — the inner surface of the hand from the wrist to the base of the fingers

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

passagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading He at once stepped out into the passage, and closed the door behind him.

plainlyadverbUS /ˈpleɪnli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading The announcement of the little supper--plainly implying Simple Sally’s reception at the cottage--reminded Amelius of his responsibilities.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading “Do you know that you have put me in a very awkward position?”

provedadjectiveUS /pruːvd/

established beyond doubt

From this reading Toff’s interference proved to have its use.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading “Do you know that you have put me in a very awkward position?”

receptionnounUS /rɪˈsepʃən/

the manner in which something is greeted

From this reading The announcement of the little supper--plainly implying Simple Sally’s reception at the cottage--reminded Amelius of his responsibilities.

remindedverbUS /riˈmaɪndɪd/

past form of “remind” — put in the mind of someone

From this reading The announcement of the little supper--plainly implying Simple Sally’s reception at the cottage--reminded Amelius of his responsibilities.

reprimandedverbUS /ˈreprəmændɪd/

past form of “reprimand” — rebuke formally

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

resignationnounUS /ˌrezəɡˈneɪʃən/

acceptance of despair

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

responsibilitiesnounUS /riˌspɑːnsəˈbɪlətiz/

plural of “responsibility” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading The announcement of the little supper--plainly implying Simple Sally’s reception at the cottage--reminded Amelius of his responsibilities.

Sally'snounUS /ˈsæliz/

possessive form of “sally” — witty remark

From this reading The announcement of the little supper--plainly implying Simple Sally’s reception at the cottage--reminded Amelius of his responsibilities.

shouldersnounUS /ˈʃoʊldərz/

plural of “shoulder” — the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

shruggedverbUS /ʃrʌɡd/

inflected form of “shrug” — raise one's shoulders to indicate indifference or resignation

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

SimpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading The announcement of the little supper--plainly implying Simple Sally’s reception at the cottage--reminded Amelius of his responsibilities.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

steppedverbUS /stept/

inflected form of “step” — shift or move by taking a step

From this reading He at once stepped out into the passage, and closed the door behind him.

suppernounUS /ˈsʌpər/

a light evening meal; served in early evening if dinner is at midday or served late in the evening at bedtime

From this reading The announcement of the little supper--plainly implying Simple Sally’s reception at the cottage--reminded Amelius of his responsibilities.

thankedverbUS /θæŋkt/

past form of “thank” — express gratitude or show appreciation to

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “Do you know that you have put me in a very awkward position?”

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The announcement of the little supper--plainly implying Simple Sally’s reception at the cottage--reminded Amelius of his responsibilities.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Toff’s interference proved to have its use.

Toff's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Toff’s interference proved to have its use.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading Toff’s interference proved to have its use.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading “Do you know that you have put me in a very awkward position?”

waitingnounUS /ˈweɪtɪŋ/

the act of waiting (remaining inactive in one place while expecting something)

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The old Frenchman was waiting to be reprimanded or thanked, as the case might be, with his head down, his shoulders shrugged up to his ears, and the palms of his hands spread out appealingly on either side of him--a model of mute resignation to circumstances.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “Do you know that you have put me in a very awkward position?”

Chapter 31 of The Fallen Leaves by Wilkie Collins holds 201 sentences, grouped into 41 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Fallen Leaves contain?

Chapter 31 holds 201 sentences of The Fallen Leaves, unabridged, divided into 41 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Fallen Leaves by Wilkie Collins exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 201 sentences, grouped into 41 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Fallen Leaves?

Work through the 41 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 41 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Fallen Leaves

Common questions about reading The Fallen Leaves by Wilkie Collins on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Fallen Leaves

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Fallen Leaves, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The Fallen Leaves, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of The Fallen Leaves, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.