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The Fallen Leaves
The Fallen Leaves

Chapter XL · Chapter 40

Chapter 40 of The Fallen Leaves is here in full — 133 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.
Amelius had talked about them.
When he and Sally left the cottage, the road which led them away from the park was also the road which led them past a church.
The influences of happiness left them at the church door.
Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Fallen Leaves

Chapter XL · Chapter 40

Chapter 40 of The Fallen Leaves is here in full — 133 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.
/ðə kəˈprɪʃəs ˈɪnfluːənsɪz wɪtʃ ˈkɑːmbaɪn tuː meɪk ʌs ˈhæpi ɑːr ˈnevər soʊ ˈsɜːrtən tuː biː ˈæbsənt ˈɪnfluːənsɪz æz wen wiː ɑːr ˈfuːlɪʃ ɪˈnʌf tuː tɔːk əˈbaʊt ðem/
Line 2
Amelius had talked about them.
Line 3
When he and Sally left the cottage, the road which led them away from the park was also the road which led them past a church.
/wen hiː ənd ˈsæli left ðə ˈkɑːtədʒ ðə roʊd wɪtʃ led ðem əˈweɪ frʌm ðə pɑːrk wɑːz ˈɔːlsoʊ ðə roʊd wɪtʃ led ðem pæst ə tʃɜːrtʃ/
Line 4
The influences of happiness left them at the church door.
/ðə ˈɪnfluːənsɪz ʌv ˈhæpinəs left ðem æt ðə tʃɜːrtʃ dɔːr/
Line 5
Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

capricious adjective US /kəˈprɪʃəs/

changeable

From this reading “The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.”

carriages noun US /ˈkærɪdʒɪz/

plural of “carriage” — a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading “Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.”

celebration noun US /ˌseləˈbreɪʃən/

a joyful occasion for special festivities to mark some happy event

From this reading “Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.”

choral noun US /ˈkɔːrəl/

a stately Protestant (especially Lutheran) hymn tune

From this reading “Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.”

combine verb US /ˈkɑːmbaɪn/

have or possess in combination

From this reading “The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.”

influences noun US /ˈɪnfluːənsɪz/

plural of “influence” — a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading “The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.”

organ noun US /ˈɔːrɡən/

a fully differentiated structural and functional unit in an animal that is specialized for some particular function

From this reading “Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.”

thunderous adjective US /ˈθʌndərəs/

loud enough to cause (temporary) hearing loss

From this reading “Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading When he and Sally left the cottage, the road which led them away from the park was also the road which led them past a church.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

absentadjectiveUS /ˈæbsənt/

not being in a specified place

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading When he and Sally left the cottage, the road which led them away from the park was also the road which led them past a church.

Amelius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Amelius had talked about them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading When he and Sally left the cottage, the road which led them away from the park was also the road which led them past a church.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

assembledverbUS /əˈsembəld/

past form of “assemble” — create by putting components or members together

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The influences of happiness left them at the church door.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading When he and Sally left the cottage, the road which led them away from the park was also the road which led them past a church.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

capriciousadjectiveUS /kəˈprɪʃəs/

changeable

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

carriagesnounUS /ˈkærɪdʒɪz/

plural of “carriage” — a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

celebrationnounUS /ˌseləˈbreɪʃən/

a joyful occasion for special festivities to mark some happy event

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

choralnounUS /ˈkɔːrəl/

a stately Protestant (especially Lutheran) hymn tune

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading When he and Sally left the cottage, the road which led them away from the park was also the road which led them past a church.

combineverbUS /ˈkɑːmbaɪn/

have or possess in combination

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

cottagenounUS /ˈkɑːtədʒ/

a small house with a single story

From this reading When he and Sally left the cottage, the road which led them away from the park was also the road which led them past a church.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading The influences of happiness left them at the church door.

doorsnounUS /dɔːrz/

plural of “door” — a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

foolishadjectiveUS /ˈfuːlɪʃ/

devoid of good sense or judgment

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading When he and Sally left the cottage, the road which led them away from the park was also the road which led them past a church.

grandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Amelius had talked about them.

happinessnounUS /ˈhæpinəs/

state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy

From this reading The influences of happiness left them at the church door.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When he and Sally left the cottage, the road which led them away from the park was also the road which led them past a church.

hundredsnounUS /ˈhʌndrədz/

plural of “hundred” — ten 10s

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

idleadjectiveUS /ˈaɪdəl/

not in action or at work

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

influencesnounUS /ˈɪnfluːənsɪz/

plural of “influence” — a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading When he and Sally left the cottage, the road which led them away from the park was also the road which led them past a church.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading When he and Sally left the cottage, the road which led them away from the park was also the road which led them past a church.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

musicnounUS /ˈmjuːzɪk/

an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The influences of happiness left them at the church door.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

organnounUS /ˈɔːrɡən/

a fully differentiated structural and functional unit in an animal that is specialized for some particular function

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

parknounUS /pɑːrk/

a large area of land preserved in its natural state as public property

From this reading When he and Sally left the cottage, the road which led them away from the park was also the road which led them past a church.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading When he and Sally left the cottage, the road which led them away from the park was also the road which led them past a church.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading When he and Sally left the cottage, the road which led them away from the park was also the road which led them past a church.

rolledadjectiveUS /roʊld/

especially of petals or leaves in bud; having margins rolled inward

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

RowsnounUS /roʊz/

plural of “row” — an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

SallynounUS /ˈsæli/

witty remark

From this reading When he and Sally left the cottage, the road which led them away from the park was also the road which led them past a church.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

stepsnounUS /steps/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

talkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

talkedverbUS /tɔːkt/

past form of “talk” — exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading Amelius had talked about them.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

thunderousadjectiveUS /ˈθʌndərəs/

loud enough to cause (temporary) hearing loss

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

waitingnounUS /ˈweɪtɪŋ/

the act of waiting (remaining inactive in one place while expecting something)

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When he and Sally left the cottage, the road which led them away from the park was also the road which led them past a church.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

weddingnounUS /ˈwedɪŋ/

the social event at which the ceremony of marriage is performed

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The capricious influences which combine to make us happy are never so certain to be absent influences as when we are foolish enough to talk about them.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Rows of carriages were in waiting; hundreds of idle people were assembled about the church steps; the thunderous music of the organ rolled out through the open doors--a grand wedding, with choral service, was in course of celebration.

Chapter 40 of The Fallen Leaves by Wilkie Collins holds 133 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 40 of The Fallen Leaves contain?

Chapter 40 holds 133 sentences of The Fallen Leaves, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 40 of The Fallen Leaves by Wilkie Collins exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 133 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 40 of The Fallen Leaves?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 40 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 40 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Fallen Leaves

Common questions about reading The Fallen Leaves by Wilkie Collins on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Fallen Leaves

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Fallen Leaves, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The Fallen Leaves, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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