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The Fat of the Land
The Fat of the Land

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Fat of the Land is here in full — 51 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.
It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.
The building of the factory was practically completed, though not all of its machinery had yet been installed.
We had spent our money freely,--too freely, perhaps; and we were now ready to watch the returns.
Polly said:-- "There are some things we are sure of: we like the country, and it likes us.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Fat of the Land

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Fat of the Land is here in full — 51 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.
Line 2
It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.
Line 3
The building of the factory was practically completed, though not all of its machinery had yet been installed.
/ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ʌv ðə ˈfæktəri wɑːz ˈpræktɪkli kəmˈpliːtəd ðoʊ nɑːt ɔːl ʌv ɪts məˈʃiːnəri hæd jet bɪn ˌɪnˈstɔːld/
Line 4
We had spent our money freely,--too freely, perhaps; and we were now ready to watch the returns.
Line 5
Polly said:-- "There are some things we are sure of: we like the country, and it likes us.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

beckoning verb US /ˈbekənɪŋ/

-ing form of “beckon” — signal with the hands or nod

From this reading “THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.”

comforts noun US /ˈkʌmfərts/

things that make you comfortable and at ease

From this reading “It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.”

continuous adjective US /kənˈtɪnjuːəs/

continuing in time or space without interruption

From this reading “It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.”

economics noun US /ˌekəˈnɑːmɪks/

the branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management

From this reading “It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.”

factory noun US /ˈfæktəri/

a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing

From this reading “It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.”

installed verb US /ˌɪnˈstɔːld/

inflected form of “instal” — set up for use

From this reading “The building of the factory was practically completed, though not all of its machinery had yet been installed.”

luxuries noun US /ˈlʌɡʒəriz/

plural of “luxury” — something that is an indulgence rather than a necessity

From this reading “It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.”

machinery noun US /məˈʃiːnəri/

machines or machine systems collectively

From this reading “The building of the factory was practically completed, though not all of its machinery had yet been installed.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

31

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The building of the factory was practically completed, though not all of its machinery had yet been installed.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Polly said:-- "There are some things we are sure of: we like the country, and it likes us.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

BECKONINGverbUS /ˈbekənɪŋ/

-ing form of “beckon” — signal with the hands or nod

From this reading THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The building of the factory was practically completed, though not all of its machinery had yet been installed.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.

comfortsnounUS /ˈkʌmfərts/

things that make you comfortable and at ease

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

commencedverbUS /kəˈmenst/

past form of “commence” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

committeenounUS /kəˈmɪti/

a special group delegated to consider some matter

From this reading THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.

completedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpliːtəd/

successfully completed or brought to an end

From this reading The building of the factory was practically completed, though not all of its machinery had yet been installed.

continuousadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːəs/

continuing in time or space without interruption

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Polly said:-- "There are some things we are sure of: we like the country, and it likes us.

DecembernounUS /dɪˈsembər/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.

economicsnounUS /ˌekəˈnɑːmɪks/

the branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

experimentnounUS /ɪkˈsperəmənt/

the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

factorynounUS /ˈfæktəri/

a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

farmverbUS /fɑːrm/

be a farmer; work as a farmer

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

freelyadverbUS /ˈfriːli/

in a free manner

From this reading We had spent our money freely,--too freely, perhaps; and we were now ready to watch the returns.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The building of the factory was practically completed, though not all of its machinery had yet been installed.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.

installedverbUS /ˌɪnˈstɔːld/

inflected form of “instal” — set up for use

From this reading The building of the factory was practically completed, though not all of its machinery had yet been installed.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The building of the factory was practically completed, though not all of its machinery had yet been installed.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Polly said:-- "There are some things we are sure of: we like the country, and it likes us.

likesnounUS /laɪks/

plural of “like” — a similar kind

From this reading Polly said:-- "There are some things we are sure of: we like the country, and it likes us.

lockedverbUS /lɑːkt/

past form of “lock” — fasten with a lock

From this reading THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.

luxuriesnounUS /ˈlʌɡʒəriz/

plural of “luxury” — something that is an indulgence rather than a necessity

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

machinerynounUS /məˈʃiːnəri/

machines or machine systems collectively

From this reading The building of the factory was practically completed, though not all of its machinery had yet been installed.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.

meetingnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading We had spent our money freely,--too freely, perhaps; and we were now ready to watch the returns.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The building of the factory was practically completed, though not all of its machinery had yet been installed.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading We had spent our money freely,--too freely, perhaps; and we were now ready to watch the returns.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading We had spent our money freely,--too freely, perhaps; and we were now ready to watch the returns.

ourselvespronounUS /aʊərˈselvz/

used when we are both doing the action and receiving it

From this reading THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading We had spent our money freely,--too freely, perhaps; and we were now ready to watch the returns.

pleasuresnounUS /ˈpleʒərz/

plural of “pleasure” — a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

Polly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.

practicallyadverbUS /ˈpræktɪkli/

almost; nearly

From this reading The building of the factory was practically completed, though not all of its machinery had yet been installed.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading We had spent our money freely,--too freely, perhaps; and we were now ready to watch the returns.

returnsnounUS /rɪˈtɜːrnz/

plural of “return” — document giving the tax collector information about the taxpayer's tax liability

From this reading We had spent our money freely,--too freely, perhaps; and we were now ready to watch the returns.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Polly said:-- "There are some things we are sure of: we like the country, and it likes us.

self-supportingadjective

financially independent

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Polly said:-- "There are some things we are sure of: we like the country, and it likes us.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading We had spent our money freely,--too freely, perhaps; and we were now ready to watch the returns.

supplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading Polly said:-- "There are some things we are sure of: we like the country, and it likes us.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Polly said:-- "There are some things we are sure of: we like the country, and it likes us.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Polly said:-- "There are some things we are sure of: we like the country, and it likes us.

THIRDnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The building of the factory was practically completed, though not all of its machinery had yet been installed.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading We had spent our money freely,--too freely, perhaps; and we were now ready to watch the returns.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

watchverbUS /wɑːtʃ/

look attentively

From this reading We had spent our money freely,--too freely, perhaps; and we were now ready to watch the returns.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading THE THIRD BECKONING On the afternoon of December 31 I called a meeting of the committee of ways and means, and Polly and I locked ourselves in my office.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We had spent our money freely,--too freely, perhaps; and we were now ready to watch the returns.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading It was then two and a half years since we commenced the experiment of building a factory farm, which was to supply us with comforts, luxuries, and pleasures of life, and yet be self-supporting: a continuous experiment in economics.

Chapter 31 of The Fat of the Land by John Williams Streeter holds 51 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Fat of the Land contain?

Chapter 31 holds 51 sentences of The Fat of the Land, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Fat of the Land by John Williams Streeter exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 51 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Fat of the Land?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Fat of the Land

Common questions about reading The Fat of the Land by John Williams Streeter on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Fat of the Land?

Yes. All 4487 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16525 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Fat of the Land is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16525, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Fat of the Land take to read?

About 373 minutes of reading across 898 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Fat of the Land section by section

How to work through The Fat of the Land section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Fat of the Land to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Fat of the Land

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Fat of the Land, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Location
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Fat of the Land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Experiment
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Fat of the Land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Utmost
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Fat of the Land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Importance
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Fat of the Land; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.