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The Firebrand
The Firebrand

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of The Firebrand is here in full — 111 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.
It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.
The long shallow trench had been the last work of the two remaining monks ere they departed to their duty in the stricken village.
Savage men, heathen of heart and cruel of hand, might await them there.
Black plague would certainly lurk in every doorway.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Firebrand

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of The Firebrand is here in full — 111 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.
Line 2
It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.
/ɪt wɑːz nɑːt soʊ diːp æz ə rɪtʃ mænz ɡreɪv ɪn ˈʌðər ˈkʌntriz bʌt ɪn speɪn æz ˈelswer ə ˈlɪtəl ɜːrθ ˈkʌvərz ə ˈmʌltətuːd ʌv ˈsɑːroʊz/
Line 3
The long shallow trench had been the last work of the two remaining monks ere they departed to their duty in the stricken village.
/ðə lɔːŋ ˈʃæloʊ trentʃ hæd bɪn ðə læst wɜːrk ʌv ðə tuː rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ mʌŋks er ðeɪ dɪˈpɑːrtɪd tuː ðer ˈduːti ɪn ðə ˈstrɪkən ˈvɪlədʒ/
Line 4
Savage men, heathen of heart and cruel of hand, might await them there.
/ˈsævədʒ men ˈhiːðən ʌv hɑːrt ənd ˈkruːəl ʌv hænd maɪt əˈweɪt ðem ðer/
Line 5
Black plague would certainly lurk in every doorway.
/blæk pleɪɡ wʊd ˈsɜːrtənli lɜːrk ɪn ˈevəri ˈdɔːrweɪ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

clustering noun US /ˈklʌstərɪŋ/

a grouping of a number of similar things

From this reading “A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.”

covers noun US /ˈkʌvərz/

plural of “cover” — a covering that serves to conceal or shelter something

From this reading “It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.”

friars noun US /ˈfraɪərz/

plural of “friar” — a male member of a religious order that originally relied solely on alms

From this reading “A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.”

lurk verb US /lɜːrk/

lie in wait, lie in ambush, behave in a sneaky and secretive manner

From this reading “Black plague would certainly lurk in every doorway.”

monks noun US /mʌŋks/

plural of “monk” — a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work

From this reading “The long shallow trench had been the last work of the two remaining monks ere they departed to their duty in the stricken village.”

oxen noun US /ˈɑːksən/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading “A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.”

pottage noun US /ˈpɑːtədʒ/

a stew of vegetables and (sometimes) meat

From this reading “A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.”

trench noun US /trentʃ/

a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading “A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

covers a multitude verb + article + noun counted as “cover … multitude”

In this reading “It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.”

rich man's adjective + noun counted as “rich man”

a man who is wealthy

In this reading “It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.”

lurk in verb + particle

In this reading “Black plague would certainly lurk in every doorway.”

other countries adjective + noun counted as “other country”

In this reading “It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

awaitverbUS /əˈweɪt/

look forward to the probable occurrence of

From this reading Savage men, heathen of heart and cruel of hand, might await them there.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The long shallow trench had been the last work of the two remaining monks ere they departed to their duty in the stricken village.

BlackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading Black plague would certainly lurk in every doorway.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading Black plague would certainly lurk in every doorway.

clusteringnounUS /ˈklʌstərɪŋ/

a grouping of a number of similar things

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.

coversnounUS /ˈkʌvərz/

plural of “cover” — a covering that serves to conceal or shelter something

From this reading It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.

crueladjectiveUS /ˈkruːəl/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading Savage men, heathen of heart and cruel of hand, might await them there.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.

departedadjectiveUS /dɪˈpɑːrtɪd/

well in the past; former

From this reading The long shallow trench had been the last work of the two remaining monks ere they departed to their duty in the stricken village.

doorwaynounUS /ˈdɔːrweɪ/

the entrance (the space in a wall) through which you enter or leave a room or building; the space that a door can close

From this reading Black plague would certainly lurk in every doorway.

dugnounUS /dʌɡ/

an udder or breast or teat

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading The long shallow trench had been the last work of the two remaining monks ere they departed to their duty in the stricken village.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.

elsewhereadverbUS /ˈelswer/

in or to another place

From this reading It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.

ereconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading The long shallow trench had been the last work of the two remaining monks ere they departed to their duty in the stricken village.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Black plague would certainly lurk in every doorway.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

friarsnounUS /ˈfraɪərz/

plural of “friar” — a male member of a religious order that originally relied solely on alms

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

Granja

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

gravenounUS /ɡreɪv/

death of a person

From this reading It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

growverbUS /ɡroʊ/

pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The long shallow trench had been the last work of the two remaining monks ere they departed to their duty in the stricken village.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Savage men, heathen of heart and cruel of hand, might await them there.

HANDFULnounUS /ˈhændfʊl/

a small number or amount

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading Savage men, heathen of heart and cruel of hand, might await them there.

heathennounUS /ˈhiːðən/

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading Savage men, heathen of heart and cruel of hand, might await them there.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.

LanounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The long shallow trench had been the last work of the two remaining monks ere they departed to their duty in the stricken village.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

lo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The long shallow trench had been the last work of the two remaining monks ere they departed to their duty in the stricken village.

lurkverbUS /lɜːrk/

lie in wait, lie in ambush, behave in a sneaky and secretive manner

From this reading Black plague would certainly lurk in every doorway.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Savage men, heathen of heart and cruel of hand, might await them there.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Savage men, heathen of heart and cruel of hand, might await them there.

monksnounUS /mʌŋks/

plural of “monk” — a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work

From this reading The long shallow trench had been the last work of the two remaining monks ere they departed to their duty in the stricken village.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

multitudenounUS /ˈmʌltətuːd/

a large indefinite number

From this reading It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.

oxennounUS /ˈɑːksən/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

PatientlyadverbUS /ˈpeɪʃəntli/

with patience; in a patient manner

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

plagueverbUS /pleɪɡ/

cause to suffer a blight

From this reading Black plague would certainly lurk in every doorway.

pottagenounUS /ˈpɑːtədʒ/

a stew of vegetables and (sometimes) meat

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

remainingadjectiveUS /rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ/

not used up

From this reading The long shallow trench had been the last work of the two remaining monks ere they departed to their duty in the stricken village.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.

ROSESnounUS /ˈroʊzɪz/

plural of “rose” — any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

sandiest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

SavageadjectiveUS /ˈsævədʒ/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading Savage men, heathen of heart and cruel of hand, might await them there.

shallowadjectiveUS /ˈʃæloʊ/

lacking physical depth; having little spatial extension downward or inward from an outer surface or backward or outward from a center

From this reading The long shallow trench had been the last work of the two remaining monks ere they departed to their duty in the stricken village.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.

softlyadverbUS /ˈsɔːftli/

with low volume

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

sorrowsnounUS /ˈsɑːroʊz/

plural of “sorrow” — an emotion of great sadness associated with loss or bereavement

From this reading It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.

south-looking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading It was not so deep as a rich man's grave in other countries, but in Spain as elsewhere a little earth covers a multitude of sorrows.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

strickenadjectiveUS /ˈstrɪkən/

grievously affected especially by disease

From this reading The long shallow trench had been the last work of the two remaining monks ere they departed to their duty in the stricken village.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The long shallow trench had been the last work of the two remaining monks ere they departed to their duty in the stricken village.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Savage men, heathen of heart and cruel of hand, might await them there.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Savage men, heathen of heart and cruel of hand, might await them there.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The long shallow trench had been the last work of the two remaining monks ere they departed to their duty in the stricken village.

trenchnounUS /trentʃ/

a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The long shallow trench had been the last work of the two remaining monks ere they departed to their duty in the stricken village.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading The long shallow trench had been the last work of the two remaining monks ere they departed to their duty in the stricken village.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading A HANDFUL OF ROSES Patiently and softly went the oxen about the little pottage garden of the friars, till, where the soil was sandiest and the ground most open, under a south-looking wall on which the roses were still clustering (for they grow roses late at La Granja), lo! a trench was dug.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The long shallow trench had been the last work of the two remaining monks ere they departed to their duty in the stricken village.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Black plague would certainly lurk in every doorway.

Chapter 31 of The Firebrand by S. R. (Samuel Rutherford) Crockett holds 111 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Firebrand contain?

Chapter 31 holds 111 sentences of The Firebrand, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Firebrand by S. R. (Samuel Rutherford) Crockett exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 111 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Firebrand?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Firebrand

Common questions about reading The Firebrand by S. R. (Samuel Rutherford) Crockett on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Firebrand?

Yes. All 7079 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33602 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Firebrand is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33602, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Firebrand take to read?

About 589 minutes of reading across 1416 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Firebrand section by section

How to work through The Firebrand section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Firebrand to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Firebrand

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Firebrand, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Firebrand; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Macmillan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Firebrand; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Limited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Firebrand; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Firebrand; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.