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The Firm of Nucingen
The Firm of Nucingen

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Firm of Nucingen is here in full — 155 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Firm of Nucingen
Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?
Will you deign to accept a token of the friendship of which I am proud?
You, and some few souls as noble, will grasp the whole of the thought underlying _The Firm of Nucingen_, appended to _Cesar Birotteau_.
Is there not a whole social lesson in the contrast between the two stories?
DE BALZAC.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Firm of Nucingen

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Firm of Nucingen is here in full — 155 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?
/tuː huːm ˈmædəm bʌt tuː juː ʃʊd aɪ ˌɪnˈskraɪb ðɪs wɜːrk tuː juː huːz ˈlɔːfti ənd ˈkændəd ˈɪntəlekt ɪz ə ˈtreʒəri tuː jɔːr frendz tuː juː ðæt ɑːr tuː miː nɑːt ˈoʊnli ə hoʊl ˈpʌblɪk bʌt ðə moʊst ˌɪnˈdʌldʒənt ʌv ˈsɪstərz æz wel/
Line 2
Will you deign to accept a token of the friendship of which I am proud?
/wɪl juː deɪn tuː ækˈsept ə ˈtoʊkən ʌv ðə ˈfrendʃɪp ʌv wɪtʃ aɪ æm praʊd/
Line 3
You, and some few souls as noble, will grasp the whole of the thought underlying _The Firm of Nucingen_, appended to _Cesar Birotteau_.
Line 4
Is there not a whole social lesson in the contrast between the two stories?
/ɪz ðer nɑːt ə hoʊl ˈsoʊʃəl ˈlesən ɪn ðə ˈkɑːntræst bɪˈtwiːn ðə tuː ˈstɔːriz/
Line 5
DE BALZAC.
/diː bɑːlˈzæk/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

appended verb US /əˈpendɪd/

past form of “append” — add to the very end

From this reading “You, and some few souls as noble, will grasp the whole of the thought underlying _The Firm of Nucingen_, appended to _Cesar Birotteau_.”

balzac noun US /bɑːlˈzæk/

French novelist; he portrays the complexity of 19th century French society (1799-1850)

From this reading “DE BALZAC.”

candid adjective US /ˈkændəd/

characterized by directness in manner or speech; without subtlety or evasion

From this reading “To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?”

deign verb US /deɪn/

do something that one considers to be below one's dignity

From this reading “Will you deign to accept a token of the friendship of which I am proud?”

indulgent adjective US /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒənt/

characterized by or given to yielding to the wishes of someone

From this reading “To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?”

inscribe verb US /ˌɪnˈskraɪb/

carve, cut, or etch into a material or surface

From this reading “To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?”

treasury noun US /ˈtreʒəri/

the funds of a government or institution or individual

From this reading “To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?”

underlying adjective US /ˌʌndərˈlaɪɪŋ/

in the nature of something though not readily apparent

From this reading “You, and some few souls as noble, will grasp the whole of the thought underlying _The Firm of Nucingen_, appended to _Cesar Birotteau_.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

acceptverbUS /ækˈsept/

consider or hold as true

From this reading Will you deign to accept a token of the friendship of which I am proud?

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading Will you deign to accept a token of the friendship of which I am proud?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

appendedverbUS /əˈpendɪd/

past form of “append” — add to the very end

From this reading You, and some few souls as noble, will grasp the whole of the thought underlying _The Firm of Nucingen_, appended to _Cesar Birotteau_.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

BALZACnounUS /bɑːlˈzæk/

French novelist; he portrays the complexity of 19th century French society (1799-1850)

From this reading DE BALZAC.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Is there not a whole social lesson in the contrast between the two stories?

Birotteau

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You, and some few souls as noble, will grasp the whole of the thought underlying _The Firm of Nucingen_, appended to _Cesar Birotteau_.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

candidadjectiveUS /ˈkændəd/

characterized by directness in manner or speech; without subtlety or evasion

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

Cesar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You, and some few souls as noble, will grasp the whole of the thought underlying _The Firm of Nucingen_, appended to _Cesar Birotteau_.

contrastnounUS /ˈkɑːntræst/

the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading Is there not a whole social lesson in the contrast between the two stories?

DEnounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading DE BALZAC.

deignverbUS /deɪn/

do something that one considers to be below one's dignity

From this reading Will you deign to accept a token of the friendship of which I am proud?

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading You, and some few souls as noble, will grasp the whole of the thought underlying _The Firm of Nucingen_, appended to _Cesar Birotteau_.

FirmadjectiveUS /fɜːrm/

marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable

From this reading You, and some few souls as noble, will grasp the whole of the thought underlying _The Firm of Nucingen_, appended to _Cesar Birotteau_.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

friendshipnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading Will you deign to accept a token of the friendship of which I am proud?

graspverbUS /ɡræsp/

hold firmly

From this reading You, and some few souls as noble, will grasp the whole of the thought underlying _The Firm of Nucingen_, appended to _Cesar Birotteau_.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Is there not a whole social lesson in the contrast between the two stories?

indulgentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒənt/

characterized by or given to yielding to the wishes of someone

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

inscribeverbUS /ˌɪnˈskraɪb/

carve, cut, or etch into a material or surface

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

intellectnounUS /ˈɪntəlekt/

knowledge and intellectual ability

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

lessonnounUS /ˈlesən/

a unit of instruction

From this reading Is there not a whole social lesson in the contrast between the two stories?

loftyadjectiveUS /ˈlɔːfti/

of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

madamenounUS /ˈmædəm/

title used for a married Frenchwoman

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading You, and some few souls as noble, will grasp the whole of the thought underlying _The Firm of Nucingen_, appended to _Cesar Birotteau_.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

Nucingen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You, and some few souls as noble, will grasp the whole of the thought underlying _The Firm of Nucingen_, appended to _Cesar Birotteau_.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

proudadjectiveUS /praʊd/

feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride

From this reading Will you deign to accept a token of the friendship of which I am proud?

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

sistersnounUS /ˈsɪstərz/

plural of “sister” — a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading Is there not a whole social lesson in the contrast between the two stories?

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading You, and some few souls as noble, will grasp the whole of the thought underlying _The Firm of Nucingen_, appended to _Cesar Birotteau_.

soulsnounUS /soʊlz/

plural of “soul” — the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading You, and some few souls as noble, will grasp the whole of the thought underlying _The Firm of Nucingen_, appended to _Cesar Birotteau_.

storiesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Is there not a whole social lesson in the contrast between the two stories?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Is there not a whole social lesson in the contrast between the two stories?

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading You, and some few souls as noble, will grasp the whole of the thought underlying _The Firm of Nucingen_, appended to _Cesar Birotteau_.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

tokennounUS /ˈtoʊkən/

an individual instance of a type of symbol

From this reading Will you deign to accept a token of the friendship of which I am proud?

treasurynounUS /ˈtreʒəri/

the funds of a government or institution or individual

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Is there not a whole social lesson in the contrast between the two stories?

underlyingadjectiveUS /ˌʌndərˈlaɪɪŋ/

in the nature of something though not readily apparent

From this reading You, and some few souls as noble, will grasp the whole of the thought underlying _The Firm of Nucingen_, appended to _Cesar Birotteau_.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Will you deign to accept a token of the friendship of which I am proud?

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

Willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Will you deign to accept a token of the friendship of which I am proud?

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading To whom, madame, but to you should I inscribe this work; to you whose lofty and candid intellect is a treasury to your friends; to you that are to me not only a whole public, but the most indulgent of sisters as well?

Chapter 1 of The Firm of Nucingen by Honoré de Balzac holds 155 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Firm of Nucingen contain?

Chapter 1 holds 155 sentences of The Firm of Nucingen, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Firm of Nucingen by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 155 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Firm of Nucingen?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Firm of Nucingen

Common questions about reading The Firm of Nucingen by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Firm of Nucingen?

Yes. All 1244 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1294 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Firm of Nucingen is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1294, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Firm of Nucingen take to read?

About 103 minutes of reading across 249 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Firm of Nucingen section by section

How to work through The Firm of Nucingen section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of The Firm of Nucingen to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Firm of Nucingen

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Firm of Nucingen, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Madame
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Firm of Nucingen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Inscribe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Firm of Nucingen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whose
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Firm of Nucingen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lofty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Firm of Nucingen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.