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The Firm of Nucingen
The Firm of Nucingen

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Firm of Nucingen is here in full — 159 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Firm of Nucingen
Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.
Godefroid did not like to be disliked.
Every one has his taste.
Now for the solid, practical aspects of life!
The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Firm of Nucingen

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Firm of Nucingen is here in full — 159 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.
/sʌm ʌv ʌs wʊd fiːl ˈmɔːrtəfaɪd ɪf wiː sɔː ˈoʊnli ˈsmaɪlɪŋ ˈfeɪsəz weˈrevər wiː went wiː ˌenˈdʒɔɪ ðə ˈsaʊər kənˈtɔːrʃənz ʌv ˈenvi/
Line 2
Godefroid did not like to be disliked.
Line 3
Every one has his taste.
/ˈevəri wʌn hæz hɪz teɪst/
Line 4
Now for the solid, practical aspects of life!
/naʊ fɔːr ðə ˈsɑːləd ˈpræktəkəl ˈæspekts ʌv laɪf/
Line 5
The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aspects noun US /ˈæspekts/

plural of “aspect” — a distinct feature or element in a problem

From this reading “Now for the solid, practical aspects of life!”

contortions noun US /kənˈtɔːrʃənz/

plural of “contortion” — the act of twisting or deforming the shape of something (e.g., yourself)

From this reading ““Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.”

distinguishing verb US /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “distinguish” — mark as different

From this reading ““The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.”

grate noun US /ɡreɪt/

a frame of iron bars to hold a fire

From this reading ““The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.”

licked adjective US /lɪkt/

having been got the better of

From this reading ““The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.”

mortified adjective US /ˈmɔːrtəfaɪd/

suffering from tissue death

From this reading ““Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.”

nicely adverb US /ˈnaɪsli/

in a nice way

From this reading ““The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.”

sour verb US /ˈsaʊər/

go sour or spoil

From this reading ““Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

appointedadjectiveUS /əˈpɔɪntɪd/

subject to appointment

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

aspectsnounUS /ˈæspekts/

plural of “aspect” — a distinct feature or element in a problem

From this reading Now for the solid, practical aspects of life!

bath-tub

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Godefroid did not like to be disliked.

breakfastverbUS /ˈbrekfəst/

eat an early morning meal

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

chambersnounUS /ˈtʃeɪmbərz/

English architect (1723-1796)

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

comfortablyadverbUS /ˈkʌmfərtəbli/

in mental comfort; without stress

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

contortionsnounUS /kənˈtɔːrʃənz/

plural of “contortion” — the act of twisting or deforming the shape of something (e.g., yourself)

From this reading “Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.

decoratedadjectiveUS /ˈdekəreɪtɪd/

provided with something intended to increase its beauty or distinction

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Godefroid did not like to be disliked.

dislikedadjectiveUS /dɪˈslaɪkt/

regarded with aversion

From this reading Godefroid did not like to be disliked.

distinguishingverbUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “distinguish” — mark as different

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

dressing-closet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

enjoyverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪ/

derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading “Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.

envynounUS /ˈenvi/

a feeling of grudging admiration and desire to have something that is possessed by another

From this reading “Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Every one has his taste.

facesnounUS /ˈfeɪsəz/

plural of “face” — the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading “Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.

featurenounUS /ˈfiːtʃər/

a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading “Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Now for the solid, practical aspects of life!

Godefroid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Godefroid did not like to be disliked.

gratenounUS /ɡreɪt/

a frame of iron bars to hold a fire

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Every one has his taste.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Every one has his taste.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading “Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

lickedadjectiveUS /lɪkt/

having been got the better of

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Now for the solid, practical aspects of life!

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Godefroid did not like to be disliked.

lipsnounUS /lɪps/

plural of “lip” — either of two fleshy folds of tissue that surround the mouth and play a role in speaking

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

mortifiedadjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrtəfaɪd/

suffering from tissue death

From this reading “Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

mysteriousadjectiveUS /mɪˈstɪriəs/

of an obscure nature

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

nicelyadverbUS /ˈnaɪsli/

in a nice way

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Godefroid did not like to be disliked.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now for the solid, practical aspects of life!

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Every one has his taste.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading “Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

practicaladjectiveUS /ˈpræktəkəl/

concerned with actual use or practice

From this reading Now for the solid, practical aspects of life!

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading “Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.

smilingnounUS /ˈsmaɪlɪŋ/

a facial expression characterized by turning up the corners of the mouth; usually shows pleasure or amusement

From this reading “Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.

solidadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləd/

characterized by good substantial quality

From this reading Now for the solid, practical aspects of life!

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading “Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.

sourverbUS /ˈsaʊər/

go sour or spoil

From this reading “Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.

tasteverbUS /teɪst/

To perceive flavor through the mouth.

From this reading Every one has his taste.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Godefroid did not like to be disliked.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading “Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading “Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

whereverconjunctionUS /weˈrevər/

in or to any place at all

From this reading “Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading “The distinguishing feature of his chambers, where I have licked my lips over breakfast more than once, was a mysterious dressing-closet, nicely decorated, and comfortably appointed, with a grate in it and a bath-tub.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “Some of us would feel mortified if we saw only smiling faces wherever we went; we enjoy the sour contortions of envy.

Chapter 3 of The Firm of Nucingen by Honoré de Balzac holds 159 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Firm of Nucingen contain?

Chapter 3 holds 159 sentences of The Firm of Nucingen, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Firm of Nucingen by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 159 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Firm of Nucingen?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Firm of Nucingen

Common questions about reading The Firm of Nucingen by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Firm of Nucingen?

Yes. All 1244 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1294 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Firm of Nucingen is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1294, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Firm of Nucingen take to read?

About 103 minutes of reading across 249 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Firm of Nucingen section by section

How to work through The Firm of Nucingen section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Firm of Nucingen

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Firm of Nucingen, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Madame
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Firm of Nucingen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Inscribe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Firm of Nucingen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whose
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Firm of Nucingen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lofty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Firm of Nucingen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.