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The Firm of Nucingen
The Firm of Nucingen

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of The Firm of Nucingen is here in full — 165 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Firm of Nucingen
Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
But if you look at banking in that light,” broke in Couture, no sort of business would be possible.
More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.
You have seen better than that.
Have you not seen stock created with the concurrence of a government to pay the interest upon older stock, so as to keep things going and tide over the difficulty?
These operations were more or less like Nucingen’s settlements.”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Firm of Nucingen

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of The Firm of Nucingen is here in full — 165 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
But if you look at banking in that light,” broke in Couture, “no sort of business would be possible.
/bʌt ɪf juː lʊk æt ˈbæŋkɪŋ ɪn ðæt laɪt broʊk ɪn kuːˈtʊr noʊ sɔːrt ʌv ˈbɪznəs wʊd biː ˈpɑːsəbəl/
Line 2
More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men onChange to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.
Line 3
You have seen better than that.
/juː hæv siːn ˈbetər ðæn ðæt/
Line 4
Have you not seen stock created with the concurrence of a government to pay the interest upon older stock, so as to keep things going and tide over the difficulty?
/hæv juː nɑːt siːn stɑːk kriˈeɪtəd wɪð ðə kənˈkɜːrəns ʌv ə ˈɡʌvərmənt tuː peɪ ðə ˈɪntrəst əˈpɑːn ˈoʊldər stɑːk soʊ æz tuː kiːp θɪŋz ˈɡoʊɪŋ ənd taɪd ˈoʊvər ðə ˈdɪfəkəlti/
Line 5
These operations were more or less like Nucingen’s settlements.”

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

backed adjective US /bækt/

having a back or backing, usually of a specified type

From this reading “More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.”

banker noun US /ˈbæŋkər/

a financier who owns or is an executive in a bank

From this reading “More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.”

banking noun US /ˈbæŋkɪŋ/

engaging in the business of keeping money for savings and checking accounts or for exchange or for issuing loans and credit etc.

From this reading ““But if you look at banking in that light,” broke in Couture, “no sort of business would be possible.”

concurrence noun US /kənˈkɜːrəns/

agreement of results or opinions

From this reading “Have you not seen stock created with the concurrence of a government to pay the interest upon older stock, so as to keep things going and tide over the difficulty?”

Couture noun US /kuːˈtʊr/

high fashion designing and dressmaking

From this reading ““But if you look at banking in that light,” broke in Couture, “no sort of business would be possible.”

induced adjective US /ˌɪnˈduːst/

brought about or caused; not spontaneous

From this reading “More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.”

operations noun US /ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃənz/

financial transactions at a brokerage; having to do with the execution of trades and keeping customer records

From this reading “These operations were more or less like Nucingen’s settlements.””

settlements noun US /ˈsetəlmənts/

plural of “settlement” — a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading “These operations were more or less like Nucingen’s settlements.””

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Have you not seen stock created with the concurrence of a government to pay the interest upon older stock, so as to keep things going and tide over the difficulty?

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Have you not seen stock created with the concurrence of a government to pay the interest upon older stock, so as to keep things going and tide over the difficulty?

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading “But if you look at banking in that light,” broke in Couture, “no sort of business would be possible.

backedadjectiveUS /bækt/

having a back or backing, usually of a specified type

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

bankernounUS /ˈbæŋkər/

a financier who owns or is an executive in a bank

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

bankingnounUS /ˈbæŋkɪŋ/

engaging in the business of keeping money for savings and checking accounts or for exchange or for issuing loans and credit etc.

From this reading “But if you look at banking in that light,” broke in Couture, “no sort of business would be possible.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading “But if you look at banking in that light,” broke in Couture, “no sort of business would be possible.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading You have seen better than that.

bona

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

boundadjectiveUS /baʊnd/

confined by bonds

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

brokeadjectiveUS /broʊk/

lacking funds

From this reading “But if you look at banking in that light,” broke in Couture, “no sort of business would be possible.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading “But if you look at banking in that light,” broke in Couture, “no sort of business would be possible.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading “But if you look at banking in that light,” broke in Couture, “no sort of business would be possible.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

ChangeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

concurrencenounUS /kənˈkɜːrəns/

agreement of results or opinions

From this reading Have you not seen stock created with the concurrence of a government to pay the interest upon older stock, so as to keep things going and tide over the difficulty?

CouturenounUS /kuːˈtʊr/

high fashion designing and dressmaking

From this reading “But if you look at banking in that light,” broke in Couture, “no sort of business would be possible.

createdverbUS /kriˈeɪtəd/

past form of “create” — make or cause to be or to become

From this reading Have you not seen stock created with the concurrence of a government to pay the interest upon older stock, so as to keep things going and tide over the difficulty?

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading Have you not seen stock created with the concurrence of a government to pay the interest upon older stock, so as to keep things going and tide over the difficulty?

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

fide

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Have you not seen stock created with the concurrence of a government to pay the interest upon older stock, so as to keep things going and tide over the difficulty?

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

hardest-headed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading You have seen better than that.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading “But if you look at banking in that light,” broke in Couture, “no sort of business would be possible.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “But if you look at banking in that light,” broke in Couture, “no sort of business would be possible.

inducedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈduːst/

brought about or caused; not spontaneous

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading Have you not seen stock created with the concurrence of a government to pay the interest upon older stock, so as to keep things going and tide over the difficulty?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Have you not seen stock created with the concurrence of a government to pay the interest upon older stock, so as to keep things going and tide over the difficulty?

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading These operations were more or less like Nucingen’s settlements.”

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading “But if you look at banking in that light,” broke in Couture, “no sort of business would be possible.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading These operations were more or less like Nucingen’s settlements.”

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading “But if you look at banking in that light,” broke in Couture, “no sort of business would be possible.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

MoreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading “But if you look at banking in that light,” broke in Couture, “no sort of business would be possible.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Have you not seen stock created with the concurrence of a government to pay the interest upon older stock, so as to keep things going and tide over the difficulty?

Nucingen's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These operations were more or less like Nucingen’s settlements.”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “But if you look at banking in that light,” broke in Couture, “no sort of business would be possible.

olderadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldər/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading Have you not seen stock created with the concurrence of a government to pay the interest upon older stock, so as to keep things going and tide over the difficulty?

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

operationsnounUS /ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃənz/

financial transactions at a brokerage; having to do with the execution of trades and keeping customer records

From this reading These operations were more or less like Nucingen’s settlements.”

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading These operations were more or less like Nucingen’s settlements.”

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Have you not seen stock created with the concurrence of a government to pay the interest upon older stock, so as to keep things going and tide over the difficulty?

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading Have you not seen stock created with the concurrence of a government to pay the interest upon older stock, so as to keep things going and tide over the difficulty?

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading “But if you look at banking in that light,” broke in Couture, “no sort of business would be possible.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading You have seen better than that.

settlementsnounUS /ˈsetəlmənts/

plural of “settlement” — a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading These operations were more or less like Nucingen’s settlements.”

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Have you not seen stock created with the concurrence of a government to pay the interest upon older stock, so as to keep things going and tide over the difficulty?

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading “But if you look at banking in that light,” broke in Couture, “no sort of business would be possible.

stocknounUS /stɑːk/

the capital raised by a corporation through the issue of shares entitling holders to an ownership interest

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “But if you look at banking in that light,” broke in Couture, “no sort of business would be possible.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These operations were more or less like Nucingen’s settlements.”

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Have you not seen stock created with the concurrence of a government to pay the interest upon older stock, so as to keep things going and tide over the difficulty?

tidenounUS /taɪd/

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

From this reading Have you not seen stock created with the concurrence of a government to pay the interest upon older stock, so as to keep things going and tide over the difficulty?

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Have you not seen stock created with the concurrence of a government to pay the interest upon older stock, so as to keep things going and tide over the difficulty?

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These operations were more or less like Nucingen’s settlements.”

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Have you not seen stock created with the concurrence of a government to pay the interest upon older stock, so as to keep things going and tide over the difficulty?

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading More than one _bona fide_ banker, backed up by a _bona fide_ government, has induced the hardest-headed men on ‘Change to take up stock which is bound to fall within a given time.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “But if you look at banking in that light,” broke in Couture, “no sort of business would be possible.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “But if you look at banking in that light,” broke in Couture, “no sort of business would be possible.

Chapter 6 of The Firm of Nucingen by Honoré de Balzac holds 165 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of The Firm of Nucingen contain?

Chapter 6 holds 165 sentences of The Firm of Nucingen, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of The Firm of Nucingen by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 165 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of The Firm of Nucingen?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Firm of Nucingen

Common questions about reading The Firm of Nucingen by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Firm of Nucingen?

Yes. All 1244 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1294 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Firm of Nucingen is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1294, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Firm of Nucingen take to read?

About 103 minutes of reading across 249 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Firm of Nucingen section by section

How to work through The Firm of Nucingen section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of The Firm of Nucingen to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Firm of Nucingen

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Firm of Nucingen, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Madame
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Firm of Nucingen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Inscribe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Firm of Nucingen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whose
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Firm of Nucingen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lofty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Firm of Nucingen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.