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The Firm of Nucingen
The Firm of Nucingen

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of The Firm of Nucingen is here in full — 164 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
But this danger, however great it may be, seems to me less to be dreaded than the widespread demoralization.
Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.
See what comes of philanthropy!
A great politician ought to be without a conscience in abstract questions, or he is a bad steersman for a nation.
An honest politician is a steam-engine with feelings, a pilot that would make love at the helm and let the ship go down.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Firm of Nucingen

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of The Firm of Nucingen is here in full — 164 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
But this danger, however great it may be, seems to me less to be dreaded than the widespread demoralization.
/bʌt ðɪs ˈdeɪndʒər ˌhaʊˈevər ɡreɪt ɪt meɪ biː siːmz tuː miː les tuː biː ˈdredɪd ðæn ðə ˈwaɪdˈspred dɪˌmɔːrəlɪˈzeɪʃən/
Line 2
Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.
Line 3
See what comes of philanthropy!
/siː wʌt kʌmz ʌv fɪˈlænθrəpi/
Line 4
A great politician ought to be without a conscience in abstract questions, or he is a bad steersman for a nation.
Line 5
An honest politician is a steam-engine with feelings, a pilot that would make love at the helm and let the ship go down.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abstract verb US /æbˈstrækt/

consider a concept without thinking of a specific example; consider abstractly or theoretically

From this reading ““A great politician ought to be without a conscience in abstract questions, or he is a bad steersman for a nation.”

demoralization noun US /dɪˌmɔːrəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

destroying the moral basis for a doctrine or policy

From this reading ““But this danger, however great it may be, seems to me less to be dreaded than the widespread demoralization.”

philanthropy noun US /fɪˈlænθrəpi/

voluntary promotion of human welfare

From this reading “See what comes of philanthropy!”

politician noun US /ˌpɑːləˈtɪʃən/

a leader engaged in civil administration

From this reading ““A great politician ought to be without a conscience in abstract questions, or he is a bad steersman for a nation.”

Savings noun US /ˈseɪvɪŋz/

a fund of money put by as a reserve

From this reading “Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.”

self-interest noun US /ˈselˈfɪntrəst/

taking advantage of opportunities without regard for the consequences for others

From this reading “Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.”

tacitly adverb US /ˈtæsɪtli/

in a tacit manner; by unexpressed agreement

From this reading “Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.”

widespread adjective US /ˈwaɪdˈspred/

widely circulated or diffused

From this reading ““But this danger, however great it may be, seems to me less to be dreaded than the widespread demoralization.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

abstractverbUS /æbˈstrækt/

consider a concept without thinking of a specific example; consider abstractly or theoretically

From this reading “A great politician ought to be without a conscience in abstract questions, or he is a bad steersman for a nation.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading An honest politician is a steam-engine with feelings, a pilot that would make love at the helm and let the ship go down.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading An honest politician is a steam-engine with feelings, a pilot that would make love at the helm and let the ship go down.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading An honest politician is a steam-engine with feelings, a pilot that would make love at the helm and let the ship go down.

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading “A great politician ought to be without a conscience in abstract questions, or he is a bad steersman for a nation.

banksnounUS /bæŋks/

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading “But this danger, however great it may be, seems to me less to be dreaded than the widespread demoralization.

bredverbUS /bred/

inflected form of “breed” — call forth

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading “But this danger, however great it may be, seems to me less to be dreaded than the widespread demoralization.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

classesnounUS /ˈklæsəz/

plural of “class” — a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading See what comes of philanthropy!

consciencenounUS /ˈkɑːnʃəns/

motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions

From this reading “A great politician ought to be without a conscience in abstract questions, or he is a bad steersman for a nation.

criminaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪmənəl/

bringing or deserving severe rebuke or censure

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

dangernounUS /ˈdeɪndʒər/

the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading “But this danger, however great it may be, seems to me less to be dreaded than the widespread demoralization.

demoralizationnounUS /dɪˌmɔːrəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

destroying the moral basis for a doctrine or policy

From this reading “But this danger, however great it may be, seems to me less to be dreaded than the widespread demoralization.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading An honest politician is a steam-engine with feelings, a pilot that would make love at the helm and let the ship go down.

dreadedadjectiveUS /ˈdredɪd/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading “But this danger, however great it may be, seems to me less to be dreaded than the widespread demoralization.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

feelingsnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋz/

emotional or moral sensitivity (especially in relation to personal principles or dignity)

From this reading An honest politician is a steam-engine with feelings, a pilot that would make love at the helm and let the ship go down.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading “A great politician ought to be without a conscience in abstract questions, or he is a bad steersman for a nation.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading An honest politician is a steam-engine with feelings, a pilot that would make love at the helm and let the ship go down.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading “But this danger, however great it may be, seems to me less to be dreaded than the widespread demoralization.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “A great politician ought to be without a conscience in abstract questions, or he is a bad steersman for a nation.

helmnounUS /helm/

steering mechanism for a vessel; a mechanical device by which a vessel is steered

From this reading An honest politician is a steam-engine with feelings, a pilot that would make love at the helm and let the ship go down.

honestadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnəst/

not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent

From this reading An honest politician is a steam-engine with feelings, a pilot that would make love at the helm and let the ship go down.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading “But this danger, however great it may be, seems to me less to be dreaded than the widespread demoralization.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “A great politician ought to be without a conscience in abstract questions, or he is a bad steersman for a nation.

inoculatingnoun

the act of protecting against disease by introducing a vaccine into the body to induce immunity

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “A great politician ought to be without a conscience in abstract questions, or he is a bad steersman for a nation.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading “But this danger, however great it may be, seems to me less to be dreaded than the widespread demoralization.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading “But this danger, however great it may be, seems to me less to be dreaded than the widespread demoralization.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading An honest politician is a steam-engine with feelings, a pilot that would make love at the helm and let the ship go down.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading An honest politician is a steam-engine with feelings, a pilot that would make love at the helm and let the ship go down.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading An honest politician is a steam-engine with feelings, a pilot that would make love at the helm and let the ship go down.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading “But this danger, however great it may be, seems to me less to be dreaded than the widespread demoralization.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “But this danger, however great it may be, seems to me less to be dreaded than the widespread demoralization.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading “A great politician ought to be without a conscience in abstract questions, or he is a bad steersman for a nation.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading “A great politician ought to be without a conscience in abstract questions, or he is a bad steersman for a nation.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

philanthropynounUS /fɪˈlænθrəpi/

voluntary promotion of human welfare

From this reading See what comes of philanthropy!

pilotverbUS /ˈpaɪlət/

operate an airplane

From this reading An honest politician is a steam-engine with feelings, a pilot that would make love at the helm and let the ship go down.

politiciannounUS /ˌpɑːləˈtɪʃən/

a leader engaged in civil administration

From this reading “A great politician ought to be without a conscience in abstract questions, or he is a bad steersman for a nation.

questionsnounUS /ˈkwestʃənz/

plural of “question” — an instance of questioning

From this reading “A great politician ought to be without a conscience in abstract questions, or he is a bad steersman for a nation.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

restrainedadjectiveUS /riˈstreɪnd/

cool and formal in manner

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

SavingsnounUS /ˈseɪvɪŋz/

a fund of money put by as a reserve

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

schemesnounUS /skiːmz/

plural of “scheme” — an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

SeeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading See what comes of philanthropy!

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading “But this danger, however great it may be, seems to me less to be dreaded than the widespread demoralization.

self-interestnounUS /ˈselˈfɪntrəst/

taking advantage of opportunities without regard for the consequences for others

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading An honest politician is a steam-engine with feelings, a pilot that would make love at the helm and let the ship go down.

steam-engine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading An honest politician is a steam-engine with feelings, a pilot that would make love at the helm and let the ship go down.

steersmannoun

the person who steers a ship

From this reading “A great politician ought to be without a conscience in abstract questions, or he is a bad steersman for a nation.

tacitlyadverbUS /ˈtæsɪtli/

in a tacit manner; by unexpressed agreement

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading “But this danger, however great it may be, seems to me less to be dreaded than the widespread demoralization.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “But this danger, however great it may be, seems to me less to be dreaded than the widespread demoralization.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading “But this danger, however great it may be, seems to me less to be dreaded than the widespread demoralization.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “But this danger, however great it may be, seems to me less to be dreaded than the widespread demoralization.

vicesnounUS /ˈvaɪsəz/

plural of “vice” — moral weakness

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading See what comes of philanthropy!

widespreadadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪdˈspred/

widely circulated or diffused

From this reading “But this danger, however great it may be, seems to me less to be dreaded than the widespread demoralization.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Savings banks are a means of inoculating the people, the classes least restrained by education or by reason from schemes that are tacitly criminal, with the vices bred of self-interest.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading “A great politician ought to be without a conscience in abstract questions, or he is a bad steersman for a nation.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading An honest politician is a steam-engine with feelings, a pilot that would make love at the helm and let the ship go down.

Chapter 7 of The Firm of Nucingen by Honoré de Balzac holds 164 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of The Firm of Nucingen contain?

Chapter 7 holds 164 sentences of The Firm of Nucingen, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of The Firm of Nucingen by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 164 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of The Firm of Nucingen?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Firm of Nucingen

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Yes. All 1244 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1294 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #1294, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 103 minutes of reading across 249 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Firm of Nucingen

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Firm of Nucingen, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Madame
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Firm of Nucingen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Inscribe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Firm of Nucingen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whose
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Firm of Nucingen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lofty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Firm of Nucingen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.