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The First of the English: A Novel
The First of the English: A Novel

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The First of the English: A Novel is here in full — 197 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE PATRIOT PAINTER.
The sun is well up in the heavens when Guy opens his eyes.
In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.
A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.
But the city seems now to pay little heed to this.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The First of the English: A Novel

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The First of the English: A Novel is here in full — 197 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE PATRIOT PAINTER.
/ðə ˈpeɪtriət ˈpeɪntər/
Line 2
The sun is well up in the heavens when Guy opens his eyes.
/ðə sʌn ɪz wel ʌp ɪn ðə ˈhevənz wen ɡaɪ ˈoʊpənz hɪz aɪz/
Line 3
In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.
Line 4
A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.
/ə ˈlɪtəl ʌv ðɪs ˈtʃestər kæn siː æz hiː meɪks ˈheɪsti ˈtɔɪlət ˈlʊkɪŋ frʌm hɪz ˈwɪndoʊ hiː ɡets ə ɡlɪmps ʌv ðə ˈrɪvər wɪtʃ ɪz stɪl æt ɪts haɪt ənd əˈpɑːn huːz ˈbʊzəm stɪl floʊt ðə ˈkɑːrkəsɪz ʌv draʊnd ʃiːp ˈkætəl hɑːɡz ənd ˈiːvɪn ˈhjuːmən ˈbiːɪŋz/
Line 5
But the city seems now to pay little heed to this.
/bʌt ðə ˈsɪti siːmz naʊ tuː peɪ ˈlɪtəl hiːd tuː ðɪs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

carcasses noun US /ˈkɑːrkəsɪz/

plural of “carcass” — the dead body of an animal especially one slaughtered and dressed for food

From this reading “A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.”

drowning verb US /ˈdraʊnɪŋ/

-ing form of “drown” — cover completely or make imperceptible

From this reading “In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.”

farmers noun US /ˈfɑːrmərz/

plural of “farmer” — a person who operates a farm

From this reading “In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.”

hogs noun US /hɑːɡz/

plural of “hog” — a person regarded as greedy and pig-like

From this reading “A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.”

patriot noun US /ˈpeɪtriət/

one who loves and defends his or her country

From this reading “THE PATRIOT PAINTER.”

receding noun US /rɪˈsiːdɪŋ/

a slow or gradual disappearance

From this reading “In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.”

starving adjective US /ˈstɑːrvɪŋ/

suffering from lack of food

From this reading “In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.”

toilet noun US /ˈtɔɪlət/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading “A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

hasty toilet adjective + noun

In this reading “A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.”

died away verb + particle counted as “die away”

become less in amount or intensity

In this reading “In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.”

gets a glimpse verb + article + noun counted as “get … glimpse”

In this reading “A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.”

little heed adjective + noun

In this reading “But the city seems now to pay little heed to this.”

in the heavens preposition + article + noun counted as “in … heavens”

In this reading “The sun is well up in the heavens when Guy opens his eyes.”

All words in this reading · 83

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

beingsnounUS /ˈbiːɪŋz/

plural of “being” — the state or fact of existing

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

bosomnounUS /ˈbʊzəm/

the chest considered as the place where secret thoughts are kept

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

brightlyadverbUS /ˈbraɪtli/

with brightness

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the city seems now to pay little heed to this.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

carcassesnounUS /ˈkɑːrkəsɪz/

plural of “carcass” — the dead body of an animal especially one slaughtered and dressed for food

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

cattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

ChesternounUS /ˈtʃestər/

a city of southeastern Pennsylvania on the Delaware river (an industrial suburb of Philadelphia)

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading But the city seems now to pay little heed to this.

contrastnounUS /ˈkɑːntræst/

the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

drownedverbUS /draʊnd/

past form of “drown” — cover completely or make imperceptible

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

drowningverbUS /ˈdraʊnɪŋ/

-ing form of “drown” — cover completely or make imperceptible

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading The sun is well up in the heavens when Guy opens his eyes.

farmersnounUS /ˈfɑːrmərz/

plural of “farmer” — a person who operates a farm

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

floatverbUS /floʊt/

be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

floodnounUS /flʌd/

the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

galenounUS /ɡeɪl/

a strong wind moving 45-90 knots; force 7 to 10 on Beaufort scale

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

getsnounUS /ɡets/

plural of “get” — a return on a shot that seemed impossible to reach and would normally have resulted in a point for the opponent

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

glimpsenounUS /ɡlɪmps/

a quick look

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

GuynounUS /ɡaɪ/

an informal term for a youth or man

From this reading The sun is well up in the heavens when Guy opens his eyes.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

hastyadjectiveUS /ˈheɪsti/

excessively quick

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

heavensnounUS /ˈhevənz/

the apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected

From this reading The sun is well up in the heavens when Guy opens his eyes.

heednounUS /hiːd/

paying particular notice (as to children or helpless people)

From this reading But the city seems now to pay little heed to this.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The sun is well up in the heavens when Guy opens his eyes.

hogsnounUS /hɑːɡz/

plural of “hog” — a person regarded as greedy and pig-like

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The sun is well up in the heavens when Guy opens his eyes.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The sun is well up in the heavens when Guy opens his eyes.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

mockverbUS /mɑːk/

treat with contempt

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading But the city seems now to pay little heed to this.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

opensnounUS /ˈoʊpənz/

plural of “open” — a clear or unobstructed space or expanse of land or water

From this reading The sun is well up in the heavens when Guy opens his eyes.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

PAINTERnounUS /ˈpeɪntər/

an artist who paints

From this reading THE PATRIOT PAINTER.

PATRIOTnounUS /ˈpeɪtriət/

one who loves and defends his or her country

From this reading THE PATRIOT PAINTER.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading But the city seems now to pay little heed to this.

peasantsnounUS /ˈpezənts/

plural of “peasant” — a country person

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

polders

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

recedingnounUS /rɪˈsiːdɪŋ/

a slow or gradual disappearance

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading But the city seems now to pay little heed to this.

sheepnounUS /ʃiːp/

woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

shiningadjectiveUS /ˈʃaɪnɪŋ/

marked by exceptional merit

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

signsnounUS /saɪnz/

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

starvingadjectiveUS /ˈstɑːrvɪŋ/

suffering from lack of food

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The sun is well up in the heavens when Guy opens his eyes.

surroundingadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋ/

closely encircling

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE PATRIOT PAINTER.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

toiletnounUS /ˈtɔɪlət/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The sun is well up in the heavens when Guy opens his eyes.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading The sun is well up in the heavens when Guy opens his eyes.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The sun is well up in the heavens when Guy opens his eyes.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading In contrast to the night before, the gale has died away and the sun is shining brightly as if to mock the farmers and peasants of the surrounding fields and polders, whose cattle are still drowning or starving, for the flood gives no signs of receding.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading A little of this Chester can see as he makes hasty toilet; looking from his window he gets a glimpse of the river, which is still at its height, and upon whose bosom still float the carcasses of drowned sheep, cattle, hogs, and even human beings.

Chapter 4 of The First of the English: A Novel by Archibald Clavering Gunter holds 197 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The First of the English: A Novel contain?

Chapter 4 holds 197 sentences of The First of the English: A Novel, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The First of the English: A Novel by Archibald Clavering Gunter exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 197 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The First of the English: A Novel?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Vocabulary met early in The First of the English: A Novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in The First of the English: A Novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The First of the English: A Novel, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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