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The first soprano
The first soprano

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of The first soprano is here in full — 171 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The first soprano
Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.
It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.
On a sharp, clear morning Hubert Gray walked through the cutting air toward his office, and meditated thus:
"What am I doing?
What is the occupation that employs so much of my waking time and the powers that God has given me?
0:00 / 0:00
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The first soprano

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of The first soprano is here in full — 171 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.
Line 2
It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.
Line 3
On a sharp, clear morning Hubert Gray walked through the cutting air toward his office, and meditated thus:
Line 4
"What am I doing?
/wʌt æm aɪ ˈduːɪŋ/
Line 5
What is the occupation that employs so much of my waking time and the powers that God has given me?
/wʌt ɪz ðə ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃən ðæt emˈplɔɪz soʊ mʌtʃ ʌv maɪ ˈweɪ.kɪŋ taɪm ənd ðə ˈpaʊərz ðæt ɡɑːd hæz ˈɡɪvən miː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

employs noun US /emˈplɔɪz/

plural of “employ” — the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading “What is the occupation that employs so much of my waking time and the powers that God has given me?”

lain verb US /leɪn/

inflected form of “lie” — be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading “"SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.”

lawns noun US /lɔːnz/

plural of “lawn” — a field of cultivated and mowed grass

From this reading “It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.”

mantles noun US /ˈmæntəlz/

plural of “mantle” — the cloak as a symbol of authority

From this reading “It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.”

purity noun US /ˈpjʊrəti/

being undiluted or unmixed with extraneous material

From this reading “It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.”

roofs noun US /ruːfs/

plural of “roof” — a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading “It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.”

snows noun US /snoʊz/

plural of “snow” — precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading “"SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.”

traffic noun US /ˈtræfɪk/

the aggregation of things (pedestrians or vehicles) coming and going in a particular locality during a specified period of time

From this reading “It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading On a sharp, clear morning Hubert Gray walked through the cutting air toward his office, and meditated thus:

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading On a sharp, clear morning Hubert Gray walked through the cutting air toward his office, and meditated thus:

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading "What am I doing?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading On a sharp, clear morning Hubert Gray walked through the cutting air toward his office, and meditated thus:

cuttingnounUS /ˈkʌtɪŋ/

the activity of selecting the scenes to be shown and putting them together to create a film

From this reading On a sharp, clear morning Hubert Gray walked through the cutting air toward his office, and meditated thus:

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading "What am I doing?

employsnounUS /emˈplɔɪz/

plural of “employ” — the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading What is the occupation that employs so much of my waking time and the powers that God has given me?

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading What is the occupation that employs so much of my waking time and the powers that God has given me?

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading What is the occupation that employs so much of my waking time and the powers that God has given me?

GraynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading On a sharp, clear morning Hubert Gray walked through the cutting air toward his office, and meditated thus:

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading What is the occupation that employs so much of my waking time and the powers that God has given me?

HAVEauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

heavilyadverbUS /ˈhevəli/

to a considerable degree

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading On a sharp, clear morning Hubert Gray walked through the cutting air toward his office, and meditated thus:

Hubert

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On a sharp, clear morning Hubert Gray walked through the cutting air toward his office, and meditated thus:

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "What am I doing?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading What is the occupation that employs so much of my waking time and the powers that God has given me?

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.

lainverbUS /leɪn/

inflected form of “lie” — be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

Laodicea

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

lawnsnounUS /lɔːnz/

plural of “lawn” — a field of cultivated and mowed grass

From this reading It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.

mantlesnounUS /ˈmæntəlz/

plural of “mantle” — the cloak as a symbol of authority

From this reading It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading What is the occupation that employs so much of my waking time and the powers that God has given me?

meditated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On a sharp, clear morning Hubert Gray walked through the cutting air toward his office, and meditated thus:

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading On a sharp, clear morning Hubert Gray walked through the cutting air toward his office, and meditated thus:

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading What is the occupation that employs so much of my waking time and the powers that God has given me?

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading What is the occupation that employs so much of my waking time and the powers that God has given me?

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

occupationnounUS /ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃən/

the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading What is the occupation that employs so much of my waking time and the powers that God has given me?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading On a sharp, clear morning Hubert Gray walked through the cutting air toward his office, and meditated thus:

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On a sharp, clear morning Hubert Gray walked through the cutting air toward his office, and meditated thus:

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

powersnounUS /ˈpaʊərz/

plural of “power” — possession of controlling influence

From this reading What is the occupation that employs so much of my waking time and the powers that God has given me?

puritynounUS /ˈpjʊrəti/

being undiluted or unmixed with extraneous material

From this reading It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.

regionnounUS /ˈriːdʒən/

the extended spatial location of something

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

roofsnounUS /ruːfs/

plural of “roof” — a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.

SELLverbUS /sel/

exchange or deliver for money or its equivalent

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

sharpadjectiveUS /ʃɑːrp/

(of something seen or heard) clearly defined

From this reading On a sharp, clear morning Hubert Gray walked through the cutting air toward his office, and meditated thus:

snowsnounUS /snoʊz/

plural of “snow” — precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading What is the occupation that employs so much of my waking time and the powers that God has given me?

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.

surroundingadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋ/

closely encircling

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

THATconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

ThreenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading On a sharp, clear morning Hubert Gray walked through the cutting air toward his office, and meditated thus:

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading On a sharp, clear morning Hubert Gray walked through the cutting air toward his office, and meditated thus:

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading What is the occupation that employs so much of my waking time and the powers that God has given me?

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading On a sharp, clear morning Hubert Gray walked through the cutting air toward his office, and meditated thus:

trafficnounUS /ˈtræfɪk/

the aggregation of things (pedestrians or vehicles) coming and going in a particular locality during a specified period of time

From this reading It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

vilenessnoun

the quality of being wicked

From this reading It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.

wakingadjectiveUS /ˈweɪ.kɪŋ/

Risen from sleep; conscious.

From this reading What is the occupation that employs so much of my waking time and the powers that God has given me?

walkedverbUS /wɔːkt/

past form of “walk” — use one's feet to advance; advance by steps

From this reading On a sharp, clear morning Hubert Gray walked through the cutting air toward his office, and meditated thus:

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.

weeksnounUS /wiːks/

plural of “week” — any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading "What am I doing?

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading It spread soft mantles over lawns and roofs in the city, and only in the streets was its white purity turned by the traffic of man into vileness.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

YEpronounUS /jiː/

an old word for “you”, speaking to more than one person

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading "SELL THAT YE HAVE" Three years had passed, and the snows of winter had lain heavily for weeks upon all the region surrounding New Laodicea.

Chapter 15 of The first soprano by Mary Hitchcock holds 171 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of The first soprano contain?

Chapter 15 holds 171 sentences of The first soprano, unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of The first soprano by Mary Hitchcock exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 171 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of The first soprano?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in The first soprano

Words and structures a reader meets early in The first soprano, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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