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The foreign debt of English literature
The foreign debt of English literature

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The foreign debt of English literature is here in full — 417 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The foreign debt of English literature
Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LONDON: GEORGE BELL AND SONS PORTUGAL ST.
LINCOLN’S INN, W.C. CAMBRIDGE: DEIGHTON, BELL & CO.
NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN CO.
BOMBAY: A. H. WHEELER & CO.
CHISWICK PRESS: CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO.
0:00 / 0:00
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The foreign debt of English literature

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The foreign debt of English literature is here in full — 417 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LONDON: GEORGE BELL AND SONS PORTUGAL ST.
Line 2
LINCOLN’S INN, W.C. CAMBRIDGE: DEIGHTON, BELL & CO.
Line 3
NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN CO.
Line 4
BOMBAY: A. H. WHEELER & CO.
/bɑːmˈbeɪ ə eɪtʃ ˈwiːlər koʊ/
Line 5
CHISWICK PRESS: CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bombay noun US /bɑːmˈbeɪ/

a city in western India just off the coast of the Arabian Sea; India's 2nd largest city (after Calcutta); has the only natural deep-water harbor in western India

From this reading “BOMBAY: A. H. WHEELER & CO.”

cambridge noun US /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/

a university in England

From this reading “LINCOLN’S INN, W.C. CAMBRIDGE: DEIGHTON, BELL & CO.”

inn noun US /ɪn/

a hotel providing overnight lodging for travelers

From this reading “LINCOLN’S INN, W.C. CAMBRIDGE: DEIGHTON, BELL & CO.”

lincoln's noun US /ˈlɪŋkənz/

possessive form of “lincoln” — 16th President of the United States; saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)

portugal noun US /ˈpɔːrtʃəɡəl/

a republic in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; Portuguese explorers and colonists in the 15th and 16th centuries created a vast overseas empire (including Brazil)

From this reading “LONDON: GEORGE BELL AND SONS PORTUGAL ST.”

press verb US /pres/

exert pressure or force to or upon

From this reading “CHISWICK PRESS: CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO.”

sons noun US /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading “LONDON: GEORGE BELL AND SONS PORTUGAL ST.”

wheeler noun US /ˈwiːlər/

Scottish archaeologist (1890-1976)

From this reading “BOMBAY: A. H. WHEELER & CO.”

All words in this reading · 26

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading BOMBAY: A. H. WHEELER & CO.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading LONDON: GEORGE BELL AND SONS PORTUGAL ST.

BELLnounUS /bel/

a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck

From this reading LONDON: GEORGE BELL AND SONS PORTUGAL ST.

BOMBAYnounUS /bɑːmˈbeɪ/

a city in western India just off the coast of the Arabian Sea; India's 2nd largest city (after Calcutta); has the only natural deep-water harbor in western India

From this reading BOMBAY: A. H. WHEELER & CO.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading LINCOLN’S INN, W.C. CAMBRIDGE: DEIGHTON, BELL & CO.

CAMBRIDGEnounUS /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/

a university in England

From this reading LINCOLN’S INN, W.C. CAMBRIDGE: DEIGHTON, BELL & CO.

CHARLESnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading CHISWICK PRESS: CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO.

CHISWICK

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CHISWICK PRESS: CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO.

COnounUS /koʊ/

an odorless very poisonous gas that is a product of incomplete combustion of carbon

From this reading LINCOLN’S INN, W.C. CAMBRIDGE: DEIGHTON, BELL & CO.

DEIGHTON

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LINCOLN’S INN, W.C. CAMBRIDGE: DEIGHTON, BELL & CO.

GEORGEnounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading LONDON: GEORGE BELL AND SONS PORTUGAL ST.

HnounUS /eɪtʃ/

a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe

From this reading BOMBAY: A. H. WHEELER & CO.

INNnounUS /ɪn/

a hotel providing overnight lodging for travelers

From this reading LINCOLN’S INN, W.C. CAMBRIDGE: DEIGHTON, BELL & CO.

LINCOLN'SnounUS /ˈlɪŋkənz/

possessive form of “lincoln” — 16th President of the United States; saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)

From this reading LINCOLN’S INN, W.C. CAMBRIDGE: DEIGHTON, BELL & CO.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading LONDON: GEORGE BELL AND SONS PORTUGAL ST.

MACMILLAN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN CO.

NEWadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN CO.

PORTUGALnounUS /ˈpɔːrtʃəɡəl/

a republic in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; Portuguese explorers and colonists in the 15th and 16th centuries created a vast overseas empire (including Brazil)

From this reading LONDON: GEORGE BELL AND SONS PORTUGAL ST.

PRESSverbUS /pres/

exert pressure or force to or upon

From this reading CHISWICK PRESS: CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO.

SONSnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading LONDON: GEORGE BELL AND SONS PORTUGAL ST.

ST

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON: GEORGE BELL AND SONS PORTUGAL ST.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN CO.

WnounUS /ˈdʌbəljuː/

a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite

From this reading LINCOLN’S INN, W.C. CAMBRIDGE: DEIGHTON, BELL & CO.

WHEELERnounUS /ˈwiːlər/

Scottish archaeologist (1890-1976)

From this reading BOMBAY: A. H. WHEELER & CO.

WHITTINGHAM

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CHISWICK PRESS: CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO.

YORKnounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN CO.

Chapter 1 of The foreign debt of English literature by T. G. (Thomas George) Tucker holds 417 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The foreign debt of English literature contain?

Chapter 1 holds 417 sentences of The foreign debt of English literature, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The foreign debt of English literature by T. G. (Thomas George) Tucker exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 417 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The foreign debt of English literature?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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