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The foreign debt of English literature
The foreign debt of English literature

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of The foreign debt of English literature is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
(3) The Hebraic influence which came through Christianity is as obvious as it was far-reaching.
Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.
From the new doctrines of self-mortification there grew legends of the saints; from the traditions of their sanctity, legends of miracles; from the persecutions, legends of the martyrs.
Both the Old and the New Testament already existed in a Latin form even before the more competent and authoritative version of Jerome (about A.D.
400).
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The foreign debt of English literature

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of The foreign debt of English literature is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
(3) The Hebraic influence which came through Christianity is as obvious as it was far-reaching.
Line 2
Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.
Line 3
From the new doctrines of self-mortification there grew legends of the saints; from the traditions of their sanctity, legends of miracles; from the persecutions, legends of the martyrs.
Line 4
Both the Old and the New Testament already existed in a Latin form even before the more competent and authoritative version of Jerome (about A.D.
Line 5
400).

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

authoritative adjective US /əˈθɔːrəteɪtɪv/

having authority or ascendancy or influence

From this reading “Both the Old and the New Testament already existed in a Latin form even before the more competent and authoritative version of Jerome (about A.D.”

Biblical adjective US /ˈbɪbləkəl/

of or pertaining to or contained in or in accordance with the Bible

From this reading “Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.”

conveying noun US /kənˈveɪɪŋ/

act of transferring property title from one person to another

From this reading “Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.”

Jerome noun US /dʒərˈoʊm/

(Roman Catholic Church) one of the great Fathers of the early Christian Church whose major work was his translation of the Scriptures from Hebrew and Greek into Latin (which became the Vulgate); a saint and Doctor of the Church (347-420)

From this reading “Both the Old and the New Testament already existed in a Latin form even before the more competent and authoritative version of Jerome (about A.D.”

martyrs noun US /ˈmɑːrtərz/

plural of “martyr” — one who suffers for the sake of principle

From this reading “From the new doctrines of self-mortification there grew legends of the saints; from the traditions of their sanctity, legends of miracles; from the persecutions, legends of the martyrs.”

persecutions noun US /ˌpɜːrsəˈkjuːʃəns/

plural of “persecution” — the act of persecuting (especially on the basis of race or religion)

From this reading “From the new doctrines of self-mortification there grew legends of the saints; from the traditions of their sanctity, legends of miracles; from the persecutions, legends of the martyrs.”

perspective noun US /pərˈspektɪv/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading “Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.”

sanctity noun US /ˈsæŋktɪti/

the quality of being holy

From this reading “From the new doctrines of self-mortification there grew legends of the saints; from the traditions of their sanctity, legends of miracles; from the persecutions, legends of the martyrs.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

new doctrines adjective + noun counted as “new doctrine”

In this reading “From the new doctrines of self-mortification there grew legends of the saints; from the traditions of their sanctity, legends of miracles; from the persecutions, legends of the martyrs.”

existed in verb + particle counted as “exist in”

In this reading “Both the Old and the New Testament already existed in a Latin form even before the more competent and authoritative version of Jerome (about A.D.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (3) The Hebraic influence which came through Christianity is as obvious as it was far-reaching.

400

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 400).

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Both the Old and the New Testament already existed in a Latin form even before the more competent and authoritative version of Jerome (about A.D.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Both the Old and the New Testament already existed in a Latin form even before the more competent and authoritative version of Jerome (about A.D.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Both the Old and the New Testament already existed in a Latin form even before the more competent and authoritative version of Jerome (about A.D.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading (3) The Hebraic influence which came through Christianity is as obvious as it was far-reaching.

authoritativeadjectiveUS /əˈθɔːrəteɪtɪv/

having authority or ascendancy or influence

From this reading Both the Old and the New Testament already existed in a Latin form even before the more competent and authoritative version of Jerome (about A.D.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Both the Old and the New Testament already existed in a Latin form even before the more competent and authoritative version of Jerome (about A.D.

BiblicaladjectiveUS /ˈbɪbləkəl/

of or pertaining to or contained in or in accordance with the Bible

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

BothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Both the Old and the New Testament already existed in a Latin form even before the more competent and authoritative version of Jerome (about A.D.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading (3) The Hebraic influence which came through Christianity is as obvious as it was far-reaching.

ChristianitynounUS /ˌkrɪstʃiˈænɪti/

a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior

From this reading (3) The Hebraic influence which came through Christianity is as obvious as it was far-reaching.

Christianizing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

competentadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmpətɪnt/

properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient

From this reading Both the Old and the New Testament already existed in a Latin form even before the more competent and authoritative version of Jerome (about A.D.

conveyingnounUS /kənˈveɪɪŋ/

act of transferring property title from one person to another

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

DnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading Both the Old and the New Testament already existed in a Latin form even before the more competent and authoritative version of Jerome (about A.D.

distortedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɔːrtəd/

so badly formed or out of shape as to be ugly

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

doctrinesnounUS /ˈdɑːktrənz/

plural of “doctrine” — a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

From this reading From the new doctrines of self-mortification there grew legends of the saints; from the traditions of their sanctity, legends of miracles; from the persecutions, legends of the martyrs.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Both the Old and the New Testament already existed in a Latin form even before the more competent and authoritative version of Jerome (about A.D.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

existedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪstəd/

past form of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading Both the Old and the New Testament already existed in a Latin form even before the more competent and authoritative version of Jerome (about A.D.

far-reaching

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (3) The Hebraic influence which came through Christianity is as obvious as it was far-reaching.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Both the Old and the New Testament already existed in a Latin form even before the more competent and authoritative version of Jerome (about A.D.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From the new doctrines of self-mortification there grew legends of the saints; from the traditions of their sanctity, legends of miracles; from the persecutions, legends of the martyrs.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading From the new doctrines of self-mortification there grew legends of the saints; from the traditions of their sanctity, legends of miracles; from the persecutions, legends of the martyrs.

Hebraicadjective

of or relating to the language of the Hebrews

From this reading (3) The Hebraic influence which came through Christianity is as obvious as it was far-reaching.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading (3) The Hebraic influence which came through Christianity is as obvious as it was far-reaching.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading (3) The Hebraic influence which came through Christianity is as obvious as it was far-reaching.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading (3) The Hebraic influence which came through Christianity is as obvious as it was far-reaching.

JeromenounUS /dʒərˈoʊm/

(Roman Catholic Church) one of the great Fathers of the early Christian Church whose major work was his translation of the Scriptures from Hebrew and Greek into Latin (which became the Vulgate); a saint and Doctor of the Church (347-420)

From this reading Both the Old and the New Testament already existed in a Latin form even before the more competent and authoritative version of Jerome (about A.D.

LatinadjectiveUS /ˈlætən/

of or relating to the ancient Latins or the Latin language

From this reading Both the Old and the New Testament already existed in a Latin form even before the more competent and authoritative version of Jerome (about A.D.

legendsnounUS /ˈledʒəndz/

plural of “legend” — a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events

From this reading From the new doctrines of self-mortification there grew legends of the saints; from the traditions of their sanctity, legends of miracles; from the persecutions, legends of the martyrs.

martyrsnounUS /ˈmɑːrtərz/

plural of “martyr” — one who suffers for the sake of principle

From this reading From the new doctrines of self-mortification there grew legends of the saints; from the traditions of their sanctity, legends of miracles; from the persecutions, legends of the martyrs.

materialsnounUS /məˈtɪriəlz/

plural of “material” — the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

meantverbUS /ment/

inflected form of “mean” — mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

miraclesnounUS /ˈmɪrəkəlz/

plural of “miracle” — any amazing or wonderful occurrence

From this reading From the new doctrines of self-mortification there grew legends of the saints; from the traditions of their sanctity, legends of miracles; from the persecutions, legends of the martyrs.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Both the Old and the New Testament already existed in a Latin form even before the more competent and authoritative version of Jerome (about A.D.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

obviousadjectiveUS /ˈɑːbviəs/

easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind

From this reading (3) The Hebraic influence which came through Christianity is as obvious as it was far-reaching.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Both the Old and the New Testament already existed in a Latin form even before the more competent and authoritative version of Jerome (about A.D.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

persecutionsnounUS /ˌpɜːrsəˈkjuːʃəns/

plural of “persecution” — the act of persecuting (especially on the basis of race or religion)

From this reading From the new doctrines of self-mortification there grew legends of the saints; from the traditions of their sanctity, legends of miracles; from the persecutions, legends of the martyrs.

perspectivenounUS /pərˈspektɪv/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

regardingverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪŋ/

-ing form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

saintsnounUS /seɪnts/

plural of “saint” — a person who has died and has been declared a saint by canonization

From this reading From the new doctrines of self-mortification there grew legends of the saints; from the traditions of their sanctity, legends of miracles; from the persecutions, legends of the martyrs.

sanctitynounUS /ˈsæŋktɪti/

the quality of being holy

From this reading From the new doctrines of self-mortification there grew legends of the saints; from the traditions of their sanctity, legends of miracles; from the persecutions, legends of the martyrs.

self-mortificationnoun

voluntary self-punishment in order to atone for some wrongdoing

From this reading From the new doctrines of self-mortification there grew legends of the saints; from the traditions of their sanctity, legends of miracles; from the persecutions, legends of the martyrs.

sentimentnounUS /ˈsentəmənt/

tender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling or emotion

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

TestamentnounUS /ˈtestəmənt/

a profession of belief

From this reading Both the Old and the New Testament already existed in a Latin form even before the more competent and authoritative version of Jerome (about A.D.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading (3) The Hebraic influence which came through Christianity is as obvious as it was far-reaching.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading From the new doctrines of self-mortification there grew legends of the saints; from the traditions of their sanctity, legends of miracles; from the persecutions, legends of the martyrs.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading From the new doctrines of self-mortification there grew legends of the saints; from the traditions of their sanctity, legends of miracles; from the persecutions, legends of the martyrs.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading (3) The Hebraic influence which came through Christianity is as obvious as it was far-reaching.

traditionsnounUS /trəˈdɪʃənz/

plural of “tradition” — an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading From the new doctrines of self-mortification there grew legends of the saints; from the traditions of their sanctity, legends of miracles; from the persecutions, legends of the martyrs.

versionnounUS /ˈvɜːrʒən/

an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint

From this reading Both the Old and the New Testament already existed in a Latin form even before the more competent and authoritative version of Jerome (about A.D.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading (3) The Hebraic influence which came through Christianity is as obvious as it was far-reaching.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading Every step in the Christianizing of Europe meant the conveying, not only of new sentiment and new ways of regarding things, but also of new materials in the way of Biblical history, however distorted in perspective.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading (3) The Hebraic influence which came through Christianity is as obvious as it was far-reaching.

Chapter 5 of The foreign debt of English literature by T. G. (Thomas George) Tucker holds 404 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of The foreign debt of English literature contain?

Chapter 5 holds 404 sentences of The foreign debt of English literature, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of The foreign debt of English literature by T. G. (Thomas George) Tucker exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 404 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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