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The Forest Runners
The Forest Runners

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of The Forest Runners is here in full — 203 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/40 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.
Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.
Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.
Now, every warrior felt that the coming of the white stream over the mountains, however slender it might be at first, threatened a change, great and disastrous to them, unless checked at once.
These white men cut down the forest, built houses that were meant to stay in one place--houses of logs--and plowed up the fields where the forest had been.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Forest Runners

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of The Forest Runners is here in full — 203 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/40 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.
Line 2
Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.
Line 3
Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.
Line 4
Now, every warrior felt that the coming of the white stream over the mountains, however slender it might be at first, threatened a change, great and disastrous to them, unless checked at once.
/naʊ ˈevəri ˈwɔːriər felt ðæt ðə ˈkʌmɪŋ ʌv ðə waɪt striːm ˈoʊvər ðə ˈmaʊntənz ˌhaʊˈevər ˈslendər ɪt maɪt biː æt fɜːrst ˈθretənd ə tʃeɪndʒ ɡreɪt ənd dɪˈzæstrəs tuː ðem ənˈles tʃekt æt wʌns/
Line 5
These white men cut down the forest, built houses that were meant to stay in one place--houses of logs--and plowed up the fields where the forest had been.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

belts noun US /belts/

plural of “belt” — endless loop of flexible material between two rotating shafts or pulleys

From this reading “THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.”

disastrous adjective US /dɪˈzæstrəs/

(of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin

From this reading “Now, every warrior felt that the coming of the white stream over the mountains, however slender it might be at first, threatened a change, great and disastrous to them, unless checked at once.”

Miami noun US /maɪˈæmi/

a member of the extinct Algonquian people formerly living in northern Indiana and southern Michigan

From this reading “THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.”

Ottawa noun US /ˈɑːtəwɑː/

a member of the Algonquian people of southern Ontario

From this reading “THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.”

plowed adjective US /plaʊd/

(of farmland) broken and turned over with a plow

From this reading “These white men cut down the forest, built houses that were meant to stay in one place--houses of logs--and plowed up the fields where the forest had been.”

roamed verb US /roʊmd/

past form of “roam” — move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading “Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.”

Shawnee noun US /ˈʃɔːni/

a member of the Algonquian people formerly living along the Tennessee river

From this reading “THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.”

vanguard noun US /ˈvænɡɑːrd/

the leading units moving at the head of an army

From this reading “Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.”

All words in this reading · 120

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

AnotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Now, every warrior felt that the coming of the white stream over the mountains, however slender it might be at first, threatened a change, great and disastrous to them, unless checked at once.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

bandnounUS /bænd/

an unofficial association of people or groups

From this reading THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

beastnounUS /biːst/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading These white men cut down the forest, built houses that were meant to stay in one place--houses of logs--and plowed up the fields where the forest had been.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

beltsnounUS /belts/

plural of “belt” — endless loop of flexible material between two rotating shafts or pulleys

From this reading THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading These white men cut down the forest, built houses that were meant to stay in one place--houses of logs--and plowed up the fields where the forest had been.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

canebrakenoun

a dense growth of cane (especially giant cane)

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading Now, every warrior felt that the coming of the white stream over the mountains, however slender it might be at first, threatened a change, great and disastrous to them, unless checked at once.

checkedadjectiveUS /tʃekt/

patterned with alternating squares of color

From this reading Now, every warrior felt that the coming of the white stream over the mountains, however slender it might be at first, threatened a change, great and disastrous to them, unless checked at once.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading Now, every warrior felt that the coming of the white stream over the mountains, however slender it might be at first, threatened a change, great and disastrous to them, unless checked at once.

conflictnounUS /ˈkɑːnflɪkt/

an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading These white men cut down the forest, built houses that were meant to stay in one place--houses of logs--and plowed up the fields where the forest had been.

disastrousadjectiveUS /dɪˈzæstrəs/

(of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin

From this reading Now, every warrior felt that the coming of the white stream over the mountains, however slender it might be at first, threatened a change, great and disastrous to them, unless checked at once.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading These white men cut down the forest, built houses that were meant to stay in one place--houses of logs--and plowed up the fields where the forest had been.

driveverbUS /draɪv/

operate or control a vehicle

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

effortnounUS /ˈefərt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

enteringnounUS /ˈentərɪŋ/

a movement into or inward

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading Now, every warrior felt that the coming of the white stream over the mountains, however slender it might be at first, threatened a change, great and disastrous to them, unless checked at once.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading These white men cut down the forest, built houses that were meant to stay in one place--houses of logs--and plowed up the fields where the forest had been.

finestadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəst/

superlative of “fine” — being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Now, every warrior felt that the coming of the white stream over the mountains, however slender it might be at first, threatened a change, great and disastrous to them, unless checked at once.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.

gamenounUS /ɡeɪm/

a contest with rules to determine a winner

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

generationsnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “generation” — all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading These white men cut down the forest, built houses that were meant to stay in one place--houses of logs--and plowed up the fields where the forest had been.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Now, every warrior felt that the coming of the white stream over the mountains, however slender it might be at first, threatened a change, great and disastrous to them, unless checked at once.

huntingnounUS /ˈhʌntɪŋ/

the pursuit and killing or capture of wild animals regarded as a sport

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

inhabitedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈhæbətəd/

having inhabitants; lived in

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

Kain-tuck-ee

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

killedverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

logsnounUS /lɔːɡz/

plural of “log” — a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches

From this reading These white men cut down the forest, built houses that were meant to stay in one place--houses of logs--and plowed up the fields where the forest had been.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

meantverbUS /ment/

inflected form of “mean” — mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading These white men cut down the forest, built houses that were meant to stay in one place--houses of logs--and plowed up the fields where the forest had been.

MeanwhileadverbUS /ˈmiːnwaɪl/

at the same time but in another place

From this reading THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading These white men cut down the forest, built houses that were meant to stay in one place--houses of logs--and plowed up the fields where the forest had been.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

MiaminounUS /maɪˈæmi/

a member of the extinct Algonquian people formerly living in northern Indiana and southern Michigan

From this reading THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Now, every warrior felt that the coming of the white stream over the mountains, however slender it might be at first, threatened a change, great and disastrous to them, unless checked at once.

MississippinounUS /ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi/

a major North American river and the chief river of the United States; rises in northern Minnesota and flows southward into the Gulf of Mexico

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Now, every warrior felt that the coming of the white stream over the mountains, however slender it might be at first, threatened a change, great and disastrous to them, unless checked at once.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

NorthernadjectiveUS /ˈnɔːrðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Now, every warrior felt that the coming of the white stream over the mountains, however slender it might be at first, threatened a change, great and disastrous to them, unless checked at once.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading These white men cut down the forest, built houses that were meant to stay in one place--houses of logs--and plowed up the fields where the forest had been.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.

OttawanounUS /ˈɑːtəwɑː/

a member of the Algonquian people of southern Ontario

From this reading THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Now, every warrior felt that the coming of the white stream over the mountains, however slender it might be at first, threatened a change, great and disastrous to them, unless checked at once.

passingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading These white men cut down the forest, built houses that were meant to stay in one place--houses of logs--and plowed up the fields where the forest had been.

plowedadjectiveUS /plaʊd/

(of farmland) broken and turned over with a plow

From this reading These white men cut down the forest, built houses that were meant to stay in one place--houses of logs--and plowed up the fields where the forest had been.

retreatednounUS /riˈtriːtəd/

people who have retreated

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

roamedverbUS /roʊmd/

past form of “roam” — move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

savagesnounUS /ˈsævədʒəz/

plural of “savage” — a member of an uncivilized people

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

ShawneenounUS /ˈʃɔːni/

a member of the Algonquian people formerly living along the Tennessee river

From this reading THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.

slenderadjectiveUS /ˈslendər/

being of delicate or slender build

From this reading Now, every warrior felt that the coming of the white stream over the mountains, however slender it might be at first, threatened a change, great and disastrous to them, unless checked at once.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

southernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

stayverbUS /steɪ/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading These white men cut down the forest, built houses that were meant to stay in one place--houses of logs--and plowed up the fields where the forest had been.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading Now, every warrior felt that the coming of the white stream over the mountains, however slender it might be at first, threatened a change, great and disastrous to them, unless checked at once.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Now, every warrior felt that the coming of the white stream over the mountains, however slender it might be at first, threatened a change, great and disastrous to them, unless checked at once.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These white men cut down the forest, built houses that were meant to stay in one place--houses of logs--and plowed up the fields where the forest had been.

thinadjectiveUS /θɪn/

Having little thickness or extent.

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

threatenedadjectiveUS /ˈθretənd/

(of flora or fauna) likely in the near future to become endangered

From this reading Now, every warrior felt that the coming of the white stream over the mountains, however slender it might be at first, threatened a change, great and disastrous to them, unless checked at once.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.

tribenounUS /traɪb/

a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.

tribesnounUS /traɪbz/

plural of “tribe” — a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

unknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

unlessconjunctionUS /ənˈles/

except if; if not

From this reading Now, every warrior felt that the coming of the white stream over the mountains, however slender it might be at first, threatened a change, great and disastrous to them, unless checked at once.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading These white men cut down the forest, built houses that were meant to stay in one place--houses of logs--and plowed up the fields where the forest had been.

ValleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

vanguardnounUS /ˈvænɡɑːrd/

the leading units moving at the head of an army

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.

WARNINGnounUS /ˈwɔːrnɪŋ/

a message informing of danger

From this reading THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.

warriornounUS /ˈwɔːriər/

someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading Now, every warrior felt that the coming of the white stream over the mountains, however slender it might be at first, threatened a change, great and disastrous to them, unless checked at once.

warriorsnounUS /ˈwɔːriərz/

plural of “warrior” — someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading Northern and southern tribes had often met and fought in _Kain-tuck-ee_, but always each retreated after the conflict to north or to south, leaving _Kain-tuck-ee_ as it was before--a land of forest and canebrake, inhabited only by the wild beast.

wildernessnounUS /ˈwɪldərnəs/

(politics) a state of disfavor

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Another great effort would be made to drive back the thin white vanguard that was now entering the finest hunting ground savages had ever known--the vast green wilderness of the Mississippi Valley, where the warriors had roamed and killed game for unknown generations.

Wyandot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE WARNING Meanwhile war belts were passing through all the forest, from tribe to tribe, to Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa, Wyandot--to every band, large or small.

Chapter 18 of The Forest Runners by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler holds 203 sentences, grouped into 41 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of The Forest Runners contain?

Chapter 18 holds 203 sentences of The Forest Runners, unabridged, divided into 41 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of The Forest Runners by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 203 sentences, grouped into 41 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of The Forest Runners?

Work through the 41 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 41 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Forest Runners

Common questions about reading The Forest Runners by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Forest Runners?

Yes. All 4470 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14876 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Forest Runners is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14876, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Forest Runners take to read?

About 372 minutes of reading across 894 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Forest Runners section by section

How to work through The Forest Runners section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of The Forest Runners to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Forest Runners

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Forest Runners, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

While
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Forest Runners; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Equal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Forest Runners; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Henry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Forest Runners; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Woods
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Forest Runners; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.