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The Fortune of the Landrays
The Fortune of the Landrays

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Fortune of the Landrays is here in full — 399 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
“Thawed out?” inquired his companion.
“Not entirely,” and he lapsed into silence for another half mile.
They had met for the first time on the banks of the Missouri.
In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.
Their numbers had dwindled day by day; many died, but many more had turned back.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Fortune of the Landrays

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Fortune of the Landrays is here in full — 399 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“Thawed out?” inquired his companion.
/θɔːd aʊt ˌɪnˈkwaɪərd hɪz kəmˈpænjən/
Line 2
“Not entirely,” and he lapsed into silence for another half mile.
/nɑːt ɪnˈtaɪərli ənd hiː læpst ˈɪntuː ˈsaɪ.ləns fɔːr əˈnʌðər hæf maɪl/
Line 3
They had met for the first time on the banks of the Missouri.
/ðeɪ hæd met fɔːr ðə fɜːrst taɪm ɑːn ðə bæŋks ʌv ðə məˈzʊri/
Line 4
In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.
/ɪn ðə ˈpɑːrti tuː wɪtʃ ðeɪ hæd ðen bɪˈlɔːŋd wɜːr ˈfɔːrti ˈwæɡənz ənd ˈoʊvər ə ˈhʌndrəd men ˌreprɪˈzentɪŋ ˈɔːlmoʊst ˈevəri steɪt ɪn ðə ˈjuːnjən bʌt ðə ˈkɑːlərə hæd ˈbroʊkən aʊt əˈmʌŋ ðem dʒʌst æz ðeɪ wɜːr kəˈmensɪŋ ðer ˈdʒɜːrni ənd hæd ˈfɑːloʊd ðem ˈɪntuː ðə ˈmaʊntənz bɪˈɑːnd fɔːrt ˈlerəmi/
Line 5
Their numbers had dwindled day by day; many died, but many more had turned back.
/ðer ˈnʌmbərz hæd ˈdwɪndəld deɪ baɪ deɪ ˈmeni daɪd bʌt ˈmeni mɔːr hæd tɜːrnd bæk/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cholera noun US /ˈkɑːlərə/

an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food

From this reading “In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.”

commencing verb US /kəˈmensɪŋ/

-ing form of “commence” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading “In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.”

dwindled verb US /ˈdwɪndəld/

past form of “dwindle” — become smaller or lose substance

From this reading “Their numbers had dwindled day by day; many died, but many more had turned back.”

lapsed adjective US /læpst/

no longer active or practicing

From this reading ““Not entirely,” and he lapsed into silence for another half mile.”

Laramie noun US /ˈlerəmi/

a university town in southeast Wyoming

From this reading “In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.”

Missouri noun US /məˈzʊri/

a midwestern state in central United States; a border state during the American Civil War, Missouri was admitted to the Confederacy without actually seceding from the Union

From this reading “They had met for the first time on the banks of the Missouri.”

representing verb US /ˌreprɪˈzentɪŋ/

-ing form of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading “In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.”

Thawed adjective US /θɔːd/

no longer frozen solid

From this reading ““Thawed out?” inquired his companion.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

first time adjective + noun

In this reading “They had met for the first time on the banks of the Missouri.”

on the banks preposition + article + noun counted as “on … banks”

In this reading “They had met for the first time on the banks of the Missouri.”

half mile adjective + noun

a unit of length equal to half of 1 mile

In this reading ““Not entirely,” and he lapsed into silence for another half mile.”

hundred men noun + noun

In this reading “In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.”

into silence preposition + noun

In this reading ““Not entirely,” and he lapsed into silence for another half mile.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “Not entirely,” and he lapsed into silence for another half mile.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading “Not entirely,” and he lapsed into silence for another half mile.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Their numbers had dwindled day by day; many died, but many more had turned back.

banksnounUS /bæŋks/

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading They had met for the first time on the banks of the Missouri.

belongedverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋd/

past form of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Their numbers had dwindled day by day; many died, but many more had turned back.

choleranounUS /ˈkɑːlərə/

an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

commencingverbUS /kəˈmensɪŋ/

-ing form of “commence” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

companionnounUS /kəmˈpænjən/

a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading “Thawed out?” inquired his companion.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Their numbers had dwindled day by day; many died, but many more had turned back.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Their numbers had dwindled day by day; many died, but many more had turned back.

dwindledverbUS /ˈdwɪndəld/

past form of “dwindle” — become smaller or lose substance

From this reading Their numbers had dwindled day by day; many died, but many more had turned back.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading “Not entirely,” and he lapsed into silence for another half mile.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading They had met for the first time on the banks of the Missouri.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading “Not entirely,” and he lapsed into silence for another half mile.

FortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

fortyadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrti/

being ten more than thirty

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading They had met for the first time on the banks of the Missouri.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading “Not entirely,” and he lapsed into silence for another half mile.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “Not entirely,” and he lapsed into silence for another half mile.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading “Thawed out?” inquired his companion.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

inquiredverbUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪərd/

past form of “inquire” — address a question to and expect an answer from

From this reading “Thawed out?” inquired his companion.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading “Not entirely,” and he lapsed into silence for another half mile.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

lapsedadjectiveUS /læpst/

no longer active or practicing

From this reading “Not entirely,” and he lapsed into silence for another half mile.

LaramienounUS /ˈlerəmi/

a university town in southeast Wyoming

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Their numbers had dwindled day by day; many died, but many more had turned back.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading They had met for the first time on the banks of the Missouri.

milenounUS /maɪl/

a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading “Not entirely,” and he lapsed into silence for another half mile.

MissourinounUS /məˈzʊri/

a midwestern state in central United States; a border state during the American Civil War, Missouri was admitted to the Confederacy without actually seceding from the Union

From this reading They had met for the first time on the banks of the Missouri.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Their numbers had dwindled day by day; many died, but many more had turned back.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading “Not entirely,” and he lapsed into silence for another half mile.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading Their numbers had dwindled day by day; many died, but many more had turned back.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading They had met for the first time on the banks of the Missouri.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading They had met for the first time on the banks of the Missouri.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading “Thawed out?” inquired his companion.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

representingverbUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪŋ/

-ing form of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

silencenounUS /ˈsaɪ.ləns/

Complete absence of sound; a state of quietness and stillness.

From this reading “Not entirely,” and he lapsed into silence for another half mile.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

ThawedadjectiveUS /θɔːd/

no longer frozen solid

From this reading “Thawed out?” inquired his companion.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading They had met for the first time on the banks of the Missouri.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They had met for the first time on the banks of the Missouri.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading They had met for the first time on the banks of the Missouri.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading Their numbers had dwindled day by day; many died, but many more had turned back.

UnionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

wagonsnounUS /ˈwæɡənz/

plural of “wagon” — any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by an animal or a tractor

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the party to which they had then belonged were forty wagons and over a hundred men, representing almost every state in the Union; but the cholera had broken out among them just as they were commencing their journey, and had followed them into the mountains beyond Fort Laramie.

Chapter 8 of The Fortune of the Landrays by Vaughan Kester holds 399 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Fortune of the Landrays contain?

Chapter 8 holds 399 sentences of The Fortune of the Landrays, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Fortune of the Landrays by Vaughan Kester exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 399 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Fortune of the Landrays?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Fortune of the Landrays

Common questions about reading The Fortune of the Landrays by Vaughan Kester on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Fortune of the Landrays?

Yes. All 10914 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #52560 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Fortune of the Landrays is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #52560, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Fortune of the Landrays take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2183 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Fortune of the Landrays section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Fortune of the Landrays

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Fortune of the Landrays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mcclure
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Fortune of the Landrays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Phillips
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Fortune of the Landrays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Fortune of the Landrays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Surfeited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Fortune of the Landrays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.