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The Fortune of the Rougons
The Fortune of the Rougons

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Fortune of the Rougons is here in full — 1019 sentences across 204 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/203 · 5 lines
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Antoine Macquart had returned to Plassans after the fall of the first Napoleon.
He had had the incredible good fortune to escape all the final murderous campaigns of the Empire.
He had moved from barracks to barracks, dragging on his brutifying military life.
This mode of existence brought his natural vices to full development.
His idleness became deliberate; his intemperance, which brought him countless punishments, became, to his mind, a veritable religious duty.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Fortune of the Rougons

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Fortune of the Rougons is here in full — 1019 sentences across 204 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/203 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Antoine Macquart had returned to Plassans after the fall of the first Napoleon.
Line 2
He had had the incredible good fortune to escape all the final murderous campaigns of the Empire.
/hiː hæd hæd ðə ˌɪnˈkredəbəl ɡʊd ˈfɔːrtʃən tuː ɪˈskeɪp ɔːl ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈmɜːrdərəs kæmˈpeɪnz ʌv ðə ˈempaɪər/
Line 3
He had moved from barracks to barracks, dragging on his brutifying military life.
Line 4
This mode of existence brought his natural vices to full development.
/ðɪs moʊd ʌv eɡˈzɪstəns brɔːt hɪz ˈnætʃərəl ˈvaɪsəz tuː fʊl dɪˈveləpmənt/
Line 5
His idleness became deliberate; his intemperance, which brought him countless punishments, became, to his mind, a veritable religious duty.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

barracks noun US /ˈbærəks/

plural of “barrack” — a building or group of buildings used to house military personnel

From this reading “He had moved from barracks to barracks, dragging on his brutifying military life.”

campaigns noun US /kæmˈpeɪnz/

plural of “campaign” — a race between candidates for elective office

From this reading “He had had the incredible good fortune to escape all the final murderous campaigns of the Empire.”

countless adjective US /ˈkaʊntləs/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading “His idleness became deliberate; his intemperance, which brought him countless punishments, became, to his mind, a veritable religious duty.”

idleness noun US /ˈaɪdəlnəs/

having no employment

From this reading “His idleness became deliberate; his intemperance, which brought him countless punishments, became, to his mind, a veritable religious duty.”

murderous adjective US /ˈmɜːrdərəs/

characteristic of or capable of or having a tendency toward killing another human being

From this reading “He had had the incredible good fortune to escape all the final murderous campaigns of the Empire.”

punishments noun US /ˈpʌnɪʃmənts/

plural of “punishment” — the act of punishing

From this reading “His idleness became deliberate; his intemperance, which brought him countless punishments, became, to his mind, a veritable religious duty.”

veritable adjective US /ˈverɪtəbəl/

often used as intensifiers

From this reading “His idleness became deliberate; his intemperance, which brought him countless punishments, became, to his mind, a veritable religious duty.”

vices noun US /ˈvaɪsəz/

plural of “vice” — moral weakness

From this reading “This mode of existence brought his natural vices to full development.”

All words in this reading · 52

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading His idleness became deliberate; his intemperance, which brought him countless punishments, became, to his mind, a veritable religious duty.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Antoine Macquart had returned to Plassans after the fall of the first Napoleon.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He had had the incredible good fortune to escape all the final murderous campaigns of the Empire.

Antoine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Antoine Macquart had returned to Plassans after the fall of the first Napoleon.

barracksnounUS /ˈbærəks/

plural of “barrack” — a building or group of buildings used to house military personnel

From this reading He had moved from barracks to barracks, dragging on his brutifying military life.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading His idleness became deliberate; his intemperance, which brought him countless punishments, became, to his mind, a veritable religious duty.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading This mode of existence brought his natural vices to full development.

brutifying

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had moved from barracks to barracks, dragging on his brutifying military life.

campaignsnounUS /kæmˈpeɪnz/

plural of “campaign” — a race between candidates for elective office

From this reading He had had the incredible good fortune to escape all the final murderous campaigns of the Empire.

countlessadjectiveUS /ˈkaʊntləs/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading His idleness became deliberate; his intemperance, which brought him countless punishments, became, to his mind, a veritable religious duty.

deliberateadjectiveUS /dɪˈlɪbərət/

carefully thought out in advance

From this reading His idleness became deliberate; his intemperance, which brought him countless punishments, became, to his mind, a veritable religious duty.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading This mode of existence brought his natural vices to full development.

draggingadjectiveUS /ˈdræɡɪŋ/

marked by a painfully slow and effortful manner

From this reading He had moved from barracks to barracks, dragging on his brutifying military life.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading His idleness became deliberate; his intemperance, which brought him countless punishments, became, to his mind, a veritable religious duty.

EmpirenounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading He had had the incredible good fortune to escape all the final murderous campaigns of the Empire.

escapenounUS /ɪˈskeɪp/

the act of escaping physically

From this reading He had had the incredible good fortune to escape all the final murderous campaigns of the Empire.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading This mode of existence brought his natural vices to full development.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading Antoine Macquart had returned to Plassans after the fall of the first Napoleon.

finaladjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəl/

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading He had had the incredible good fortune to escape all the final murderous campaigns of the Empire.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Antoine Macquart had returned to Plassans after the fall of the first Napoleon.

fortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading He had had the incredible good fortune to escape all the final murderous campaigns of the Empire.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He had moved from barracks to barracks, dragging on his brutifying military life.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading This mode of existence brought his natural vices to full development.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading He had had the incredible good fortune to escape all the final murderous campaigns of the Empire.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Antoine Macquart had returned to Plassans after the fall of the first Napoleon.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had had the incredible good fortune to escape all the final murderous campaigns of the Empire.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His idleness became deliberate; his intemperance, which brought him countless punishments, became, to his mind, a veritable religious duty.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He had moved from barracks to barracks, dragging on his brutifying military life.

idlenessnounUS /ˈaɪdəlnəs/

having no employment

From this reading His idleness became deliberate; his intemperance, which brought him countless punishments, became, to his mind, a veritable religious duty.

incredibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkredəbəl/

beyond belief or understanding

From this reading He had had the incredible good fortune to escape all the final murderous campaigns of the Empire.

intemperancenoun

the quality of being intemperate

From this reading His idleness became deliberate; his intemperance, which brought him countless punishments, became, to his mind, a veritable religious duty.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading He had moved from barracks to barracks, dragging on his brutifying military life.

Macquart

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Antoine Macquart had returned to Plassans after the fall of the first Napoleon.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading He had moved from barracks to barracks, dragging on his brutifying military life.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading His idleness became deliberate; his intemperance, which brought him countless punishments, became, to his mind, a veritable religious duty.

modenounUS /moʊd/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading This mode of existence brought his natural vices to full development.

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading He had moved from barracks to barracks, dragging on his brutifying military life.

murderousadjectiveUS /ˈmɜːrdərəs/

characteristic of or capable of or having a tendency toward killing another human being

From this reading He had had the incredible good fortune to escape all the final murderous campaigns of the Empire.

NapoleonnounUS /nəˈpoʊliən/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading Antoine Macquart had returned to Plassans after the fall of the first Napoleon.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading This mode of existence brought his natural vices to full development.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Antoine Macquart had returned to Plassans after the fall of the first Napoleon.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He had moved from barracks to barracks, dragging on his brutifying military life.

Plassans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Antoine Macquart had returned to Plassans after the fall of the first Napoleon.

punishmentsnounUS /ˈpʌnɪʃmənts/

plural of “punishment” — the act of punishing

From this reading His idleness became deliberate; his intemperance, which brought him countless punishments, became, to his mind, a veritable religious duty.

religiousadjectiveUS /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading His idleness became deliberate; his intemperance, which brought him countless punishments, became, to his mind, a veritable religious duty.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading Antoine Macquart had returned to Plassans after the fall of the first Napoleon.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Antoine Macquart had returned to Plassans after the fall of the first Napoleon.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This mode of existence brought his natural vices to full development.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Antoine Macquart had returned to Plassans after the fall of the first Napoleon.

veritableadjectiveUS /ˈverɪtəbəl/

often used as intensifiers

From this reading His idleness became deliberate; his intemperance, which brought him countless punishments, became, to his mind, a veritable religious duty.

vicesnounUS /ˈvaɪsəz/

plural of “vice” — moral weakness

From this reading This mode of existence brought his natural vices to full development.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading His idleness became deliberate; his intemperance, which brought him countless punishments, became, to his mind, a veritable religious duty.

Chapter 4 of The Fortune of the Rougons by Émile Zola holds 1019 sentences, grouped into 204 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Fortune of the Rougons contain?

Chapter 4 holds 1019 sentences of The Fortune of the Rougons, unabridged, divided into 204 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Fortune of the Rougons by Émile Zola exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 1019 sentences, grouped into 204 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Fortune of the Rougons?

Work through the 204 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 204 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Fortune of the Rougons

Common questions about reading The Fortune of the Rougons by Émile Zola on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Fortune of the Rougons?

Yes. All 6898 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5135 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Fortune of the Rougons is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5135, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Fortune of the Rougons take to read?

About 574 minutes of reading across 1380 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Fortune of the Rougons section by section

How to work through The Fortune of the Rougons section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Fortune of the Rougons

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Fortune of the Rougons, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Quitting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Fortune of the Rougons; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Plassans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Fortune of the Rougons; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Southern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Fortune of the Rougons; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Right
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Fortune of the Rougons; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.