Chapter VI

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

the superior of an abbey of monks

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

higher than, or over, something

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

a sloping gallery with seats for spectators (as in an operating room or theater)

From this reading Rome had left it a ruined amphitheatre—not so large as that at Arles, but large enough to house a trade.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

money given by a buyer to a seller to bind a contract

From this reading Rome had left it a ruined amphitheatre—not so large as that at Arles, but large enough to house a trade.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Rome had left it a ruined amphitheatre—not so large as that at Arles, but large enough to house a trade.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Rome had left it a ruined amphitheatre—not so large as that at Arles, but large enough to house a trade.

on, to, or at the top

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

long strip of cloth or paper used for decoration or advertising

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

possessive form of “bishop” — a senior member of the Christian clergy having spiritual and administrative authority; appointed in Christian churches to oversee priests or ministers; considered in some churches to be successors of the twelve Apostles of Christ

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

actively or fully engaged or occupied

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Rome had left it a ruined amphitheatre—not so large as that at Arles, but large enough to house a trade.

plural of “candle” — stick of wax with a wick in the middle

From this reading Here was the quarter of the moulders of candles.

a large and stately mansion

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

any large and important church

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

(used of color) artificially produced; not natural

From this reading Roche-de-Frêne dyed with scarlet second only to that of Montpellier.

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Rome had left it a ruined amphitheatre—not so large as that at Arles, but large enough to house a trade.

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading It wove fine stuffs, its saddlers were known for their work, it made good weapons.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It wove fine stuffs, its saddlers were known for their work, it made good weapons.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading It wove fine stuffs, its saddlers were known for their work, it made good weapons.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Rome had left it a ruined amphitheatre—not so large as that at Arles, but large enough to house a trade.

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here was the quarter of the moulders of candles.

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Rome had left it a ruined amphitheatre—not so large as that at Arles, but large enough to house a trade.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It wove fine stuffs, its saddlers were known for their work, it made good weapons.

apprehended with certainty

From this reading It wove fine stuffs, its saddlers were known for their work, it made good weapons.

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Rome had left it a ruined amphitheatre—not so large as that at Arles, but large enough to house a trade.

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Rome had left it a ruined amphitheatre—not so large as that at Arles, but large enough to house a trade.

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading It wove fine stuffs, its saddlers were known for their work, it made good weapons.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Roche-de-Frêne dyed with scarlet second only to that of Montpellier.

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here was the quarter of the moulders of candles.

an event that involves rising to a higher point (as in altitude or temperature or intensity etc.)

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Rome had left it a ruined amphitheatre—not so large as that at Arles, but large enough to house a trade.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

and nothing more

From this reading Roche-de-Frêne dyed with scarlet second only to that of Montpellier.

a large and stately mansion

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

the head of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

one of four equal parts

From this reading Here was the quarter of the moulders of candles.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

inflected form of “ride” — sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading Rome had left it a ruined amphitheatre—not so large as that at Arles, but large enough to house a trade.

destroyed physically or morally

From this reading Rome had left it a ruined amphitheatre—not so large as that at Arles, but large enough to house a trade.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It wove fine stuffs, its saddlers were known for their work, it made good weapons.

a person who has died and has been declared a saint by canonization

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

express in words

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

a variable color that is vivid red but sometimes with an orange tinge

From this reading Roche-de-Frêne dyed with scarlet second only to that of Montpellier.

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Roche-de-Frêne dyed with scarlet second only to that of Montpellier.

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Rome had left it a ruined amphitheatre—not so large as that at Arles, but large enough to house a trade.

young nobleman attendant on a knight

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

plural of “stuff” — the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading It wove fine stuffs, its saddlers were known for their work, it made good weapons.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading It wove fine stuffs, its saddlers were known for their work, it made good weapons.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading Rome had left it a ruined amphitheatre—not so large as that at Arles, but large enough to house a trade.

a small hand tool with a handle and flat metal blade; used for scooping or spreading plaster or similar materials

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Here was the quarter of the moulders of candles.

plural of “weapon” — any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting

From this reading It wove fine stuffs, its saddlers were known for their work, it made good weapons.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It wove fine stuffs, its saddlers were known for their work, it made good weapons.

toward the west

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

in or at the place that

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading It wove fine stuffs, its saddlers were known for their work, it made good weapons.

inflected form of “weave” — interlace by or as if by weaving

From this reading It wove fine stuffs, its saddlers were known for their work, it made good weapons.

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading THE GARDEN THE Abbot of Saint Pamphilius and Garin the squire rode westward—that is to say they rode away from the busy town of Roche-de-Frêne; the cathedral, where, atop the mounting tower, trowel clinked against stone; the bishop’s palace, where, that morning Ugo wrote a letter to Pope Alexander; and the vast castle with Gaucelm the Fortunate’s banner above it.