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The Foundling
The Foundling

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The Foundling is here in full — 29 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/5 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
“He hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.”
To — It would fill no small volume to relate the particulars of the bustle which took place in the above affair.
The zeal, vigilance, activity and expense which so many put themselves to was really laughable.
The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).
This being calculated to disturb the peace, the printer was bound to keep the peace, by one of the magistrates, which put an end to the sale of this rubbish.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Foundling

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The Foundling is here in full — 29 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/5 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“He hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.”
/hiː hæθ ˈskætərd ðə praʊd ɪn ðə ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən ʌv ðer hɑːrts/
Line 2
To — It would fill no small volume to relate the particulars of the bustle which took place in the above affair.
/tuː ɪt wʊd fɪl noʊ smɔːl ˈvɑːljuːm tuː rɪˈleɪt ðə pərˈtɪkjələrz ʌv ðə ˈbʌsəl wɪtʃ tʊk pleɪs ɪn ðə əˈbʌv əˈfer/
Line 3
The zeal, vigilance, activity and expense which so many put themselves to was really laughable.
/ðə ziːl ˈvɪdʒələns ækˈtɪvəti ənd ɪkˈspens wɪtʃ soʊ ˈmeni pʊt ðemˈselvz tuː wɑːz ˈrɪli ˈlæfəbəl/
Line 4
The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).
Line 5
This being calculated to disturb the peace, the printer was bound to keep the peace, by one of the magistrates, which put an end to the sale of this rubbish.
/ðɪs ˈbiːɪŋ ˈkælkjəleɪtɪd tuː dɪˈstɜːrb ðə piːs ðə ˈprɪntər wɑːz baʊnd tuː kiːp ðə piːs baɪ wʌn ʌv ðə ˈmædʒɪstreɪts wɪtʃ pʊt æn end tuː ðə seɪl ʌv ðɪs ˈrʌbɪʃ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bustle noun US /ˈbʌsəl/

a rapid active commotion

From this reading “To — It would fill no small volume to relate the particulars of the bustle which took place in the above affair.”

charity's noun US /ˈtʃerətiz/

possessive form of “charity” — a foundation created to promote the public good (not for assistance to any particular individuals)

filth noun US /fɪlθ/

any substance considered disgustingly foul or unpleasant

From this reading “The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).”

laughable adjective US /ˈlæfəbəl/

so unreasonable as to invite derision

From this reading “The zeal, vigilance, activity and expense which so many put themselves to was really laughable.”

magistrates noun US /ˈmædʒɪstreɪts/

plural of “magistrate” — a lay judge or civil authority who administers the law (especially one who conducts a court dealing with minor offenses)

From this reading “This being calculated to disturb the peace, the printer was bound to keep the peace, by one of the magistrates, which put an end to the sale of this rubbish.”

printer noun US /ˈprɪntər/

someone whose occupation is printing

From this reading “The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).”

rubbish noun US /ˈrʌbɪʃ/

worthless material that is to be disposed of

From this reading “The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).”

vigilance noun US /ˈvɪdʒələns/

the process of paying close and continuous attention

From this reading “The zeal, vigilance, activity and expense which so many put themselves to was really laughable.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

disturb the peace verb + article + noun counted as “disturb … peace”

In this reading “This being calculated to disturb the peace, the printer was bound to keep the peace, by one of the magistrates, which put an end to the sale of this rubbish.”

for sale preposition + noun

available for purchase

In this reading “The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).”

put an end verb + article + noun counted as “put … end”

In this reading “This being calculated to disturb the peace, the printer was bound to keep the peace, by one of the magistrates, which put an end to the sale of this rubbish.”

took place verb + noun counted as “take place”

come to pass

In this reading “To — It would fill no small volume to relate the particulars of the bustle which took place in the above affair.”

for the benefit preposition + article + noun counted as “for … benefit”

In this reading “The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).”

small volume adjective + noun

In this reading “To — It would fill no small volume to relate the particulars of the bustle which took place in the above affair.”

in order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).”

keep the peace verb + article + noun counted as “keep … peace”

In this reading “This being calculated to disturb the peace, the printer was bound to keep the peace, by one of the magistrates, which put an end to the sale of this rubbish.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading To — It would fill no small volume to relate the particulars of the bustle which took place in the above affair.

activitynounUS /ækˈtɪvəti/

any specific behavior

From this reading The zeal, vigilance, activity and expense which so many put themselves to was really laughable.

addverbUS /æd/

make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

affairnounUS /əˈfer/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading To — It would fill no small volume to relate the particulars of the bustle which took place in the above affair.

alertadjectiveUS /əˈlɜːrt/

engaged in or accustomed to close observation

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading This being calculated to disturb the peace, the printer was bound to keep the peace, by one of the magistrates, which put an end to the sale of this rubbish.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The zeal, vigilance, activity and expense which so many put themselves to was really laughable.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading This being calculated to disturb the peace, the printer was bound to keep the peace, by one of the magistrates, which put an end to the sale of this rubbish.

benefitnounUS /ˈbenəfɪt/

financial assistance in time of need

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

boundadjectiveUS /baʊnd/

confined by bonds

From this reading This being calculated to disturb the peace, the printer was bound to keep the peace, by one of the magistrates, which put an end to the sale of this rubbish.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

bustlenounUS /ˈbʌsəl/

a rapid active commotion

From this reading To — It would fill no small volume to relate the particulars of the bustle which took place in the above affair.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading This being calculated to disturb the peace, the printer was bound to keep the peace, by one of the magistrates, which put an end to the sale of this rubbish.

calculatedadjectiveUS /ˈkælkjəleɪtɪd/

carefully thought out in advance

From this reading This being calculated to disturb the peace, the printer was bound to keep the peace, by one of the magistrates, which put an end to the sale of this rubbish.

charity'snounUS /ˈtʃerətiz/

possessive form of “charity” — a foundation created to promote the public good (not for assistance to any particular individuals)

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

collectedadjectiveUS /kəˈlektəd/

brought together in one place

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

disturbverbUS /dɪˈstɜːrb/

move deeply

From this reading This being calculated to disturb the peace, the printer was bound to keep the peace, by one of the magistrates, which put an end to the sale of this rubbish.

DoctornounUS /ˈdɑːktər/

a licensed medical practitioner

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading This being calculated to disturb the peace, the printer was bound to keep the peace, by one of the magistrates, which put an end to the sale of this rubbish.

expensenounUS /ɪkˈspens/

amounts paid for goods and services that may be currently tax deductible (as opposed to capital expenditures)

From this reading The zeal, vigilance, activity and expense which so many put themselves to was really laughable.

exposedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspoʊzd/

with no protection or shield

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

famenounUS /feɪm/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

fillverbUS /fɪl/

make full, also in a metaphorical sense

From this reading To — It would fill no small volume to relate the particulars of the bustle which took place in the above affair.

filthnounUS /fɪlθ/

any substance considered disgustingly foul or unpleasant

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

fledverbUS /fled/

inflected form of “flee” — run away quickly

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

hathauxiliary verbUS /hæθ/

an old form of “has”

From this reading “He hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.”

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “He hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.”

heartsnounUS /hɑːrts/

a form of whist in which players avoid winning tricks containing hearts or the queen of spades

From this reading “He hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.”

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

imaginationnounUS /ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən/

the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses

From this reading “He hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “He hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.”

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading To — It would fill no small volume to relate the particulars of the bustle which took place in the above affair.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading This being calculated to disturb the peace, the printer was bound to keep the peace, by one of the magistrates, which put an end to the sale of this rubbish.

laughableadjectiveUS /ˈlæfəbəl/

so unreasonable as to invite derision

From this reading The zeal, vigilance, activity and expense which so many put themselves to was really laughable.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

magistratesnounUS /ˈmædʒɪstreɪts/

plural of “magistrate” — a lay judge or civil authority who administers the law (especially one who conducts a court dealing with minor offenses)

From this reading This being calculated to disturb the peace, the printer was bound to keep the peace, by one of the magistrates, which put an end to the sale of this rubbish.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The zeal, vigilance, activity and expense which so many put themselves to was really laughable.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading To — It would fill no small volume to relate the particulars of the bustle which took place in the above affair.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “He hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.”

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading This being calculated to disturb the peace, the printer was bound to keep the peace, by one of the magistrates, which put an end to the sale of this rubbish.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

particularsnounUS /pərˈtɪkjələrz/

plural of “particular” — a fact about some part (as opposed to general)

From this reading To — It would fill no small volume to relate the particulars of the bustle which took place in the above affair.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading This being calculated to disturb the peace, the printer was bound to keep the peace, by one of the magistrates, which put an end to the sale of this rubbish.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading To — It would fill no small volume to relate the particulars of the bustle which took place in the above affair.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

printernounUS /ˈprɪntər/

someone whose occupation is printing

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

proudadjectiveUS /praʊd/

feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride

From this reading “He hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.”

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The zeal, vigilance, activity and expense which so many put themselves to was really laughable.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading The zeal, vigilance, activity and expense which so many put themselves to was really laughable.

relateverbUS /rɪˈleɪt/

make a logical or causal connection

From this reading To — It would fill no small volume to relate the particulars of the bustle which took place in the above affair.

rubbishnounUS /ˈrʌbɪʃ/

worthless material that is to be disposed of

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

salenounUS /seɪl/

a particular instance of selling

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

scatteredadjectiveUS /ˈskætərd/

occurring or distributed over widely spaced and irregular intervals in time or space

From this reading “He hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.”

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading To — It would fill no small volume to relate the particulars of the bustle which took place in the above affair.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The zeal, vigilance, activity and expense which so many put themselves to was really laughable.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “He hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.”

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading “He hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.”

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading The zeal, vigilance, activity and expense which so many put themselves to was really laughable.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This being calculated to disturb the peace, the printer was bound to keep the peace, by one of the magistrates, which put an end to the sale of this rubbish.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To — It would fill no small volume to relate the particulars of the bustle which took place in the above affair.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading To — It would fill no small volume to relate the particulars of the bustle which took place in the above affair.

understrappers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

vigilancenounUS /ˈvɪdʒələns/

the process of paying close and continuous attention

From this reading The zeal, vigilance, activity and expense which so many put themselves to was really laughable.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading To — It would fill no small volume to relate the particulars of the bustle which took place in the above affair.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The zeal, vigilance, activity and expense which so many put themselves to was really laughable.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading To — It would fill no small volume to relate the particulars of the bustle which took place in the above affair.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The above Doctor and his understrappers were all upon the alert, all the filth, lies, and rubbish that could be collected together, were brought him; these he put in order, fled to the printer with, and which were soon exposed for sale, no doubt for the benefit of the poor (to add to charity’s fame).

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading To — It would fill no small volume to relate the particulars of the bustle which took place in the above affair.

zealnounUS /ziːl/

a feeling of strong eagerness (usually in favor of a person or cause)

From this reading The zeal, vigilance, activity and expense which so many put themselves to was really laughable.

Chapter 16 of The Foundling by J. (John) Church holds 29 sentences, grouped into 6 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of The Foundling contain?

Chapter 16 holds 29 sentences of The Foundling, unabridged, divided into 6 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of The Foundling by J. (John) Church exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 29 sentences, grouped into 6 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of The Foundling?

Work through the 6 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 6 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Foundling

Common questions about reading The Foundling by J. (John) Church on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Foundling?

Yes. All 2445 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #58039 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Foundling is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #58039, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Foundling take to read?

About 203 minutes of reading across 489 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Foundling section by section

How to work through The Foundling section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of The Foundling to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Foundling

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Foundling, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Foundling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Foundling; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Child
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Foundling; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Providence
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Foundling; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Parts
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Foundling; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.