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The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1
The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1 is here in full — 150 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
VIOLENT RECRIMINATIONS The state of agitation and anger in which Don Rosendo left the Club can not be exaggerated.
His noble, magnanimous soul was wounded to the quick by the ingratitude and baseness of his false friends.
It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.
But it is still more painful to see the deprecation of one's noble mental efforts and magnanimous endeavors for the triumph of goodness and truth.
Such was the case with Socrates, Solon, Giordano Bruno, and also with our hero.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1 is here in full — 150 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
VIOLENT RECRIMINATIONS The state of agitation and anger in which Don Rosendo left the Club can not be exaggerated.
Line 2
His noble, magnanimous soul was wounded to the quick by the ingratitude and baseness of his false friends.
Line 3
It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.
Line 4
But it is still more painful to see the deprecation of one's noble mental efforts and magnanimous endeavors for the triumph of goodness and truth.
Line 5
Such was the case with Socrates, Solon, Giordano Bruno, and also with our hero.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

boredom noun US /ˈbɔːrdəm/

the feeling of being bored by something tedious

From this reading “It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.”

endeavors noun US /ɪnˈdevərz/

plural of “endeavor” — a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading “But it is still more painful to see the deprecation of one's noble mental efforts and magnanimous endeavors for the triumph of goodness and truth.”

inaction noun US /ˌɪˈnækʃən/

the state of being inactive

From this reading “It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.”

magnanimous adjective US /mæɡˈnænəməs/

noble and generous in spirit

From this reading “His noble, magnanimous soul was wounded to the quick by the ingratitude and baseness of his false friends.”

recriminations noun US /rɪˌkrɪmɪˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “recrimination” — mutual accusations

From this reading “VIOLENT RECRIMINATIONS The state of agitation and anger in which Don Rosendo left the Club can not be exaggerated.”

Socrates noun US /ˈsɑːkrətiːz/

ancient Athenian philosopher; teacher of Plato and Xenophon (470-399 BC)

From this reading “Such was the case with Socrates, Solon, Giordano Bruno, and also with our hero.”

Solon noun US /ˈsoʊlən/

a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs

From this reading “Such was the case with Socrates, Solon, Giordano Bruno, and also with our hero.”

spheres noun US /sfɪrz/

plural of “sphere” — a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading “It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

higher spheres adjective + noun counted as “higher sphere”

In this reading “It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.”

mental efforts adjective + noun counted as “mental effort”

In this reading “But it is still more painful to see the deprecation of one's noble mental efforts and magnanimous endeavors for the triumph of goodness and truth.”

human society adjective + noun

In this reading “It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.”

false friends adjective + noun counted as “false friend”

In this reading “His noble, magnanimous soul was wounded to the quick by the ingratitude and baseness of his false friends.”

shine in verb + particle

In this reading “It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

agitationnounUS /ˌædʒəˈteɪʃən/

a mental state of extreme emotional disturbance

From this reading VIOLENT RECRIMINATIONS The state of agitation and anger in which Don Rosendo left the Club can not be exaggerated.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Such was the case with Socrates, Solon, Giordano Bruno, and also with our hero.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading VIOLENT RECRIMINATIONS The state of agitation and anger in which Don Rosendo left the Club can not be exaggerated.

angernounUS /ˈæŋɡər/

a strong emotion; a feeling that is oriented toward some real or supposed grievance

From this reading VIOLENT RECRIMINATIONS The state of agitation and anger in which Don Rosendo left the Club can not be exaggerated.

basenessnoun

unworthiness by virtue of lacking higher values

From this reading His noble, magnanimous soul was wounded to the quick by the ingratitude and baseness of his false friends.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading VIOLENT RECRIMINATIONS The state of agitation and anger in which Don Rosendo left the Club can not be exaggerated.

boredomnounUS /ˈbɔːrdəm/

the feeling of being bored by something tedious

From this reading It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.

BrunonounUS /ˈbruːnoʊ/

German pope from 1049 to 1054 whose papacy was the beginning of papal reforms in the 11th century (1002-1054)

From this reading Such was the case with Socrates, Solon, Giordano Bruno, and also with our hero.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But it is still more painful to see the deprecation of one's noble mental efforts and magnanimous endeavors for the triumph of goodness and truth.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading His noble, magnanimous soul was wounded to the quick by the ingratitude and baseness of his false friends.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading VIOLENT RECRIMINATIONS The state of agitation and anger in which Don Rosendo left the Club can not be exaggerated.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading Such was the case with Socrates, Solon, Giordano Bruno, and also with our hero.

ClubnounUS /klʌb/

a team of professional baseball players who play and travel together

From this reading VIOLENT RECRIMINATIONS The state of agitation and anger in which Don Rosendo left the Club can not be exaggerated.

deprecationnoun

a prayer to avert or remove some evil or disaster

From this reading But it is still more painful to see the deprecation of one's noble mental efforts and magnanimous endeavors for the triumph of goodness and truth.

dieverbUS /daɪ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.

DonnounUS /dɑːn/

a Spanish gentleman or nobleman

From this reading VIOLENT RECRIMINATIONS The state of agitation and anger in which Don Rosendo left the Club can not be exaggerated.

effortsnounUS /ˈefərts/

plural of “effort” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading But it is still more painful to see the deprecation of one's noble mental efforts and magnanimous endeavors for the triumph of goodness and truth.

endeavorsnounUS /ɪnˈdevərz/

plural of “endeavor” — a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading But it is still more painful to see the deprecation of one's noble mental efforts and magnanimous endeavors for the triumph of goodness and truth.

exaggeratedadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪtəd/

represented as greater than is true or reasonable

From this reading VIOLENT RECRIMINATIONS The state of agitation and anger in which Don Rosendo left the Club can not be exaggerated.

falseadjectiveUS /fɔːls/

not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality

From this reading His noble, magnanimous soul was wounded to the quick by the ingratitude and baseness of his false friends.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But it is still more painful to see the deprecation of one's noble mental efforts and magnanimous endeavors for the triumph of goodness and truth.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading His noble, magnanimous soul was wounded to the quick by the ingratitude and baseness of his false friends.

giftsnounUS /ɡɪfts/

plural of “gift” — something acquired without compensation

From this reading It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.

Giordano

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such was the case with Socrates, Solon, Giordano Bruno, and also with our hero.

goodnessnounUS /ˈɡʊdnəs/

that which is pleasing or valuable or useful

From this reading But it is still more painful to see the deprecation of one's noble mental efforts and magnanimous endeavors for the triumph of goodness and truth.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.

Heaven-born

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.

heronounUS /ˈhɪroʊ/

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading Such was the case with Socrates, Solon, Giordano Bruno, and also with our hero.

higheradjectiveUS /ˈhaɪər/

advanced in complexity or elaboration

From this reading It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His noble, magnanimous soul was wounded to the quick by the ingratitude and baseness of his false friends.

horribleadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːrəbəl/

provoking horror

From this reading It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading VIOLENT RECRIMINATIONS The state of agitation and anger in which Don Rosendo left the Club can not be exaggerated.

inactionnounUS /ˌɪˈnækʃən/

the state of being inactive

From this reading It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.

ingratitudenoun

a lack of gratitude

From this reading His noble, magnanimous soul was wounded to the quick by the ingratitude and baseness of his false friends.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading VIOLENT RECRIMINATIONS The state of agitation and anger in which Don Rosendo left the Club can not be exaggerated.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.

magnanimousadjectiveUS /mæɡˈnænəməs/

noble and generous in spirit

From this reading His noble, magnanimous soul was wounded to the quick by the ingratitude and baseness of his false friends.

meantverbUS /ment/

inflected form of “mean” — mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.

mentaladjectiveUS /ˈmentəl/

involving the mind or an intellectual process

From this reading But it is still more painful to see the deprecation of one's noble mental efforts and magnanimous endeavors for the triumph of goodness and truth.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading But it is still more painful to see the deprecation of one's noble mental efforts and magnanimous endeavors for the triumph of goodness and truth.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading His noble, magnanimous soul was wounded to the quick by the ingratitude and baseness of his false friends.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading VIOLENT RECRIMINATIONS The state of agitation and anger in which Don Rosendo left the Club can not be exaggerated.

obscuritynounUS /əbsˈkjʊrəti/

the quality of being unclear or abstruse and hard to understand

From this reading It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading VIOLENT RECRIMINATIONS The state of agitation and anger in which Don Rosendo left the Club can not be exaggerated.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.

one's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But it is still more painful to see the deprecation of one's noble mental efforts and magnanimous endeavors for the triumph of goodness and truth.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Such was the case with Socrates, Solon, Giordano Bruno, and also with our hero.

painfuladjectiveUS /ˈpeɪnfəl/

causing physical or psychological pain

From this reading But it is still more painful to see the deprecation of one's noble mental efforts and magnanimous endeavors for the triumph of goodness and truth.

quickadjectiveUS /kwɪk/

accomplished rapidly and without delay

From this reading His noble, magnanimous soul was wounded to the quick by the ingratitude and baseness of his false friends.

RECRIMINATIONSnounUS /rɪˌkrɪmɪˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “recrimination” — mutual accusations

From this reading VIOLENT RECRIMINATIONS The state of agitation and anger in which Don Rosendo left the Club can not be exaggerated.

Rosendo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading VIOLENT RECRIMINATIONS The state of agitation and anger in which Don Rosendo left the Club can not be exaggerated.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading But it is still more painful to see the deprecation of one's noble mental efforts and magnanimous endeavors for the triumph of goodness and truth.

shineverbUS /ʃaɪn/

be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.

SocratesnounUS /ˈsɑːkrətiːz/

ancient Athenian philosopher; teacher of Plato and Xenophon (470-399 BC)

From this reading Such was the case with Socrates, Solon, Giordano Bruno, and also with our hero.

SolonnounUS /ˈsoʊlən/

a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs

From this reading Such was the case with Socrates, Solon, Giordano Bruno, and also with our hero.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading His noble, magnanimous soul was wounded to the quick by the ingratitude and baseness of his false friends.

spheresnounUS /sfɪrz/

plural of “sphere” — a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading VIOLENT RECRIMINATIONS The state of agitation and anger in which Don Rosendo left the Club can not be exaggerated.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading But it is still more painful to see the deprecation of one's noble mental efforts and magnanimous endeavors for the triumph of goodness and truth.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such was the case with Socrates, Solon, Giordano Bruno, and also with our hero.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading VIOLENT RECRIMINATIONS The state of agitation and anger in which Don Rosendo left the Club can not be exaggerated.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading His noble, magnanimous soul was wounded to the quick by the ingratitude and baseness of his false friends.

triumphnounUS /ˈtraɪəmf/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading But it is still more painful to see the deprecation of one's noble mental efforts and magnanimous endeavors for the triumph of goodness and truth.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading But it is still more painful to see the deprecation of one's noble mental efforts and magnanimous endeavors for the triumph of goodness and truth.

VIOLENTadjectiveUS /ˈvaɪələnt/

acting with or marked by or resulting from great force or energy or emotional intensity

From this reading VIOLENT RECRIMINATIONS The state of agitation and anger in which Don Rosendo left the Club can not be exaggerated.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His noble, magnanimous soul was wounded to the quick by the ingratitude and baseness of his false friends.

wastedadjectiveUS /ˈweɪstɪd/

serving no useful purpose; having no excuse for being

From this reading It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It must be horrible to live and die in obscurity and to have Heaven-born gifts wasted in boredom and inaction when one is meant to shine in the higher spheres of human society.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading VIOLENT RECRIMINATIONS The state of agitation and anger in which Don Rosendo left the Club can not be exaggerated.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Such was the case with Socrates, Solon, Giordano Bruno, and also with our hero.

woundednounUS /ˈwuːndɪd/

people who are wounded

From this reading His noble, magnanimous soul was wounded to the quick by the ingratitude and baseness of his false friends.

Chapter 15 of The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1 by Armando Palacio Valdés holds 150 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1 contain?

Chapter 15 holds 150 sentences of The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1 by Armando Palacio Valdés exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 150 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1

Common questions about reading The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1 by Armando Palacio Valdés on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1?

Yes. All 3632 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #38393 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #38393, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1 take to read?

About 302 minutes of reading across 727 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1 section by section

How to work through The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Early
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Writings
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Distinguished
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Native
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Fourth Estate, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.