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The Free Range
The Free Range

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of The Free Range is here in full — 96 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE CROSSING Darkness had scarcely fallen over the Larkin flocks and herd when the former were set in motion.
The bells had been removed and the sheep were urged forward at the fastest possible pace.
Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.
It was here that it had been determined the sheep should cross.
So, when the last march was begun, the animals were driven at an angle, avoiding all the pits and defenses of the cowmen's ingenuity.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Free Range

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of The Free Range is here in full — 96 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE CROSSING Darkness had scarcely fallen over the Larkin flocks and herd when the former were set in motion.
Line 2
The bells had been removed and the sheep were urged forward at the fastest possible pace.
/ðə belz hæd bɪn riˈmuːvd ənd ðə ʃiːp wɜːr ɜːrdʒd ˈfɔːrwərd æt ðə ˈfæstəst ˈpɑːsəbəl peɪs/
Line 3
Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.
Line 4
It was here that it had been determined the sheep should cross.
/ɪt wɑːz hiːr ðæt ɪt hæd bɪn dɪˈtɜːrmənd ðə ʃiːp ʃʊd krɔːs/
Line 5
So, when the last march was begun, the animals were driven at an angle, avoiding all the pits and defenses of the cowmen's ingenuity.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

avoiding verb US /əˈvɔɪdɪŋ/

-ing form of “avoid” — stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading “So, when the last march was begun, the animals were driven at an angle, avoiding all the pits and defenses of the cowmen's ingenuity.”

defenses noun US /dɪˈfensəz/

plural of “defense” — (military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies

From this reading “So, when the last march was begun, the animals were driven at an angle, avoiding all the pits and defenses of the cowmen's ingenuity.”

detours noun US /dɪˈtʊrz/

plural of “detour” — a roundabout road (especially one that is used temporarily while a main route is blocked)

From this reading “Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.”

fastest adverb US /ˈfæstəst/

most quickly

From this reading “The bells had been removed and the sheep were urged forward at the fastest possible pace.”

flocks noun US /flɑːks/

plural of “flock” — a church congregation guided by a pastor

From this reading “THE CROSSING Darkness had scarcely fallen over the Larkin flocks and herd when the former were set in motion.”

ingenuity noun US /ˌɪndʒəˈnuːətiː/

the power of creative imagination

From this reading “So, when the last march was begun, the animals were driven at an angle, avoiding all the pits and defenses of the cowmen's ingenuity.”

pits noun US /pɪts/

plural of “pit” — a sizeable hole (usually in the ground)

From this reading “So, when the last march was begun, the animals were driven at an angle, avoiding all the pits and defenses of the cowmen's ingenuity.”

swiftness noun US /ˈswɪftnəs/

a rate (usually rapid) at which something happens

From this reading “Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading So, when the last march was begun, the animals were driven at an angle, avoiding all the pits and defenses of the cowmen's ingenuity.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading So, when the last march was begun, the animals were driven at an angle, avoiding all the pits and defenses of the cowmen's ingenuity.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE CROSSING Darkness had scarcely fallen over the Larkin flocks and herd when the former were set in motion.

anglenounUS /ˈæŋɡəl/

the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians

From this reading So, when the last march was begun, the animals were driven at an angle, avoiding all the pits and defenses of the cowmen's ingenuity.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading So, when the last march was begun, the animals were driven at an angle, avoiding all the pits and defenses of the cowmen's ingenuity.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The bells had been removed and the sheep were urged forward at the fastest possible pace.

avoidingverbUS /əˈvɔɪdɪŋ/

-ing form of “avoid” — stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading So, when the last march was begun, the animals were driven at an angle, avoiding all the pits and defenses of the cowmen's ingenuity.

banksnounUS /bæŋks/

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The bells had been removed and the sheep were urged forward at the fastest possible pace.

begunverbUS /bɪˈɡʌn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading So, when the last march was begun, the animals were driven at an angle, avoiding all the pits and defenses of the cowmen's ingenuity.

bellsnounUS /belz/

plural of “bell” — a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck

From this reading The bells had been removed and the sheep were urged forward at the fastest possible pace.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

cowmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

cowmen's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So, when the last march was begun, the animals were driven at an angle, avoiding all the pits and defenses of the cowmen's ingenuity.

crossverbUS /krɔːs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading It was here that it had been determined the sheep should cross.

CROSSINGnounUS /ˈkrɔːsɪŋ/

traveling across

From this reading THE CROSSING Darkness had scarcely fallen over the Larkin flocks and herd when the former were set in motion.

DarknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading THE CROSSING Darkness had scarcely fallen over the Larkin flocks and herd when the former were set in motion.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

defensesnounUS /dɪˈfensəz/

plural of “defense” — (military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies

From this reading So, when the last march was begun, the animals were driven at an angle, avoiding all the pits and defenses of the cowmen's ingenuity.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading It was here that it had been determined the sheep should cross.

detoursnounUS /dɪˈtʊrz/

plural of “detour” — a roundabout road (especially one that is used temporarily while a main route is blocked)

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading So, when the last march was begun, the animals were driven at an angle, avoiding all the pits and defenses of the cowmen's ingenuity.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading THE CROSSING Darkness had scarcely fallen over the Larkin flocks and herd when the former were set in motion.

fastestadverbUS /ˈfæstəst/

most quickly

From this reading The bells had been removed and the sheep were urged forward at the fastest possible pace.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

flocksnounUS /flɑːks/

plural of “flock” — a church congregation guided by a pastor

From this reading THE CROSSING Darkness had scarcely fallen over the Larkin flocks and herd when the former were set in motion.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading THE CROSSING Darkness had scarcely fallen over the Larkin flocks and herd when the former were set in motion.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading The bells had been removed and the sheep were urged forward at the fastest possible pace.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE CROSSING Darkness had scarcely fallen over the Larkin flocks and herd when the former were set in motion.

herdnounUS /hɜːrd/

a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans

From this reading THE CROSSING Darkness had scarcely fallen over the Larkin flocks and herd when the former were set in motion.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading It was here that it had been determined the sheep should cross.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE CROSSING Darkness had scarcely fallen over the Larkin flocks and herd when the former were set in motion.

ingenuitynounUS /ˌɪndʒəˈnuːətiː/

the power of creative imagination

From this reading So, when the last march was begun, the animals were driven at an angle, avoiding all the pits and defenses of the cowmen's ingenuity.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was here that it had been determined the sheep should cross.

Larkin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE CROSSING Darkness had scarcely fallen over the Larkin flocks and herd when the former were set in motion.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading So, when the last march was begun, the animals were driven at an angle, avoiding all the pits and defenses of the cowmen's ingenuity.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

marchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading So, when the last march was begun, the animals were driven at an angle, avoiding all the pits and defenses of the cowmen's ingenuity.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

motionnounUS /ˈmoʊʃən/

the use of movements (especially of the hands) to communicate familiar or prearranged signals

From this reading THE CROSSING Darkness had scarcely fallen over the Larkin flocks and herd when the former were set in motion.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading THE CROSSING Darkness had scarcely fallen over the Larkin flocks and herd when the former were set in motion.

pacenounUS /peɪs/

the rate of moving (especially walking or running)

From this reading The bells had been removed and the sheep were urged forward at the fastest possible pace.

pitsnounUS /pɪts/

plural of “pit” — a sizeable hole (usually in the ground)

From this reading So, when the last march was begun, the animals were driven at an angle, avoiding all the pits and defenses of the cowmen's ingenuity.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading The bells had been removed and the sheep were urged forward at the fastest possible pace.

removedadjectiveUS /riˈmuːvd/

separated in relationship by a given degree of descent

From this reading The bells had been removed and the sheep were urged forward at the fastest possible pace.

RidersnounUS /ˈraɪdərz/

plural of “rider” — a traveler who actively rides an animal (as a horse or camel)

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading THE CROSSING Darkness had scarcely fallen over the Larkin flocks and herd when the former were set in motion.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading THE CROSSING Darkness had scarcely fallen over the Larkin flocks and herd when the former were set in motion.

sheepnounUS /ʃiːp/

woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat

From this reading The bells had been removed and the sheep were urged forward at the fastest possible pace.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading It was here that it had been determined the sheep should cross.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So, when the last march was begun, the animals were driven at an angle, avoiding all the pits and defenses of the cowmen's ingenuity.

spotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

swiftnessnounUS /ˈswɪftnəs/

a rate (usually rapid) at which something happens

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was here that it had been determined the sheep should cross.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE CROSSING Darkness had scarcely fallen over the Larkin flocks and herd when the former were set in motion.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

urgedverbUS /ɜːrdʒd/

past form of “urge” — force or impel in an indicated direction

From this reading The bells had been removed and the sheep were urged forward at the fastest possible pace.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE CROSSING Darkness had scarcely fallen over the Larkin flocks and herd when the former were set in motion.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading THE CROSSING Darkness had scarcely fallen over the Larkin flocks and herd when the former were set in motion.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Riders going by long detours had found a spot on the banks of the river two miles up from the camp of the cowmen where the water was not more than five or six feet deep at most, though of considerable swiftness.

Chapter 23 of The Free Range by Francis William Sullivan holds 96 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of The Free Range contain?

Chapter 23 holds 96 sentences of The Free Range, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of The Free Range by Francis William Sullivan exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 96 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of The Free Range?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Free Range

Common questions about reading The Free Range by Francis William Sullivan on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Free Range?

Yes. All 3550 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #27511 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Free Range is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #27511, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Free Range take to read?

About 295 minutes of reading across 710 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Free Range section by section

How to work through The Free Range section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of The Free Range to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Free Range

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Free Range, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Titles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Free Range; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Given
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Free Range; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Table
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Free Range; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Contents
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Free Range; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.