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The Fritz Strafers: A Story of the Great War
The Fritz Strafers: A Story of the Great War

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of The Fritz Strafers: A Story of the Great War is here in full — 94 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.
At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.
From his features one would guess his age at anything between thirty to thirty-five, although his actual years were short of twenty.
Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.
After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Fritz Strafers: A Story of the Great War

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of The Fritz Strafers: A Story of the Great War is here in full — 94 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.
Line 2
At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.
Line 3
From his features one would guess his age at anything between thirty to thirty-five, although his actual years were short of twenty.
/frʌm hɪz ˈfiːtʃərz wʌn wʊd ɡes hɪz eɪdʒ æt ˈeniθɪŋ bɪˈtwiːn ˈθɜːrdiː tuː ˈθɜːrdifaɪv ˌɔːlˈðoʊ hɪz ˈæktʃəwəl jɪrz wɜːr ʃɔːrt ʌv ˈtwenti/
Line 4
Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.
/praɪˈveɪʃən læk ʌv səˈfɪʃənt ˈnɜːrɪʃmənt ənd ˈhɑːrdʃɪps ənˈtoʊld hæd ˌpriːməˈtʃʊrli eɪdʒd hɪm jet ðer wɑːz ə ˈsɜːrtən ˌselfˈkɑːnfədəns ɪn hɪz ˈberɪŋ ðæt rəˈfjuːzd tuː biː ˈsmʌðərd baɪ ədˈvɝː.sə.t̬i/
Line 5
After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

diagonally adverb US /daɪˈæɡənəli/

in a diagonal manner

From this reading “At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.”

dual adjective US /ˈduːəl/

consisting of or involving two parts or components usually in pairs

From this reading “"A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.”

hoax noun US /hoʊks/

something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage

From this reading “"A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.”

kilometres noun US /ˌkɪˈlɔːmʌtərz/

plural of “kilometre” — a metric unit of length equal to 1000 meters (or 0.621371 miles)

From this reading “At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.”

munch noun US /mʌntʃ/

Norwegian painter (1863-1944)

From this reading “After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.”

Saxony noun US /ˈsæksəni/

an area in Germany around the upper Elbe river; the original home of the Saxons

From this reading “At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.”

self-confidence noun US /ˌselfˈkɑːnfədəns/

freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading “Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.”

vassal noun US /ˈvæsəl/

a person holding a fief; a person who owes allegiance and service to a feudal lord

From this reading “"A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

southern slopes adjective + noun counted as “southern slope”

In this reading “"A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.”

pine tree noun + noun

a coniferous tree

In this reading “At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.”

small piece adjective + noun

In this reading “After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.”

black bread adjective + noun

bread made of coarse rye flour

In this reading “After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.”

All words in this reading · 124

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

actualadjectiveUS /ˈæktʃəwəl/

presently existing in fact and not merely potential or possible

From this reading From his features one would guess his age at anything between thirty to thirty-five, although his actual years were short of twenty.

adversitynounUS /ədˈvɝː.sə.t̬i/

Difficulties; misfortune and hardship faced with courage.

From this reading Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading From his features one would guess his age at anything between thirty to thirty-five, although his actual years were short of twenty.

agedadjectiveUS /eɪdʒd/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading From his features one would guess his age at anything between thirty to thirty-five, although his actual years were short of twenty.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading From his features one would guess his age at anything between thirty to thirty-five, although his actual years were short of twenty.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

Austro-Hungary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.

bearingnounUS /ˈberɪŋ/

relevant relation or interconnection

From this reading Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

boundarynounUS /ˈbaʊn.də.ri/

A line that marks the limits of an area.

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

branchesnounUS /ˈbræntʃəz/

plural of “branch” — a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

breadnounUS /bred/

food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast or baking powder and then baked

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.

cladadjectiveUS /klæd/

wearing or provided with clothing; sometimes used in combination

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

cloudsnounUS /klaʊdz/

plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

collectionnounUS /kəˈlekʃən/

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

descendingadjectiveUS /dɪˈsendɪŋ/

coming down or downward

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

diagonallyadverbUS /daɪˈæɡənəli/

in a diagonal manner

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

dualadjectiveUS /ˈduːəl/

consisting of or involving two parts or components usually in pairs

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

dubiouslyadverbUS /ˈduːbiəsliː/

in a questionable and dubious manner

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

emaciatedadjectiveUS /ɪˈmeɪʃieɪtɪd/

very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

EmpirenounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

featuresnounUS /ˈfiːtʃərz/

plural of “feature” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading From his features one would guess his age at anything between thirty to thirty-five, although his actual years were short of twenty.

flakesnounUS /fleɪks/

plural of “flake” — a crystal of snow

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

formingverbUS /ˈfɔːrmɪŋ/

-ing form of “form” — create (as an entity)

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From his features one would guess his age at anything between thirty to thirty-five, although his actual years were short of twenty.

garmentsnounUS /ˈɡɑːrmənts/

plural of “garment” — an article of clothing

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

gauntadjectiveUS /ɡɔːnt/

very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

Gebirge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

GermannounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

glancingverbUS /ˈɡlænsɪŋ/

-ing form of “glance” — throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

guessverbUS /ɡes/

expect, believe, or suppose

From this reading From his features one would guess his age at anything between thirty to thirty-five, although his actual years were short of twenty.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.

hardshipsnounUS /ˈhɑːrdʃɪps/

plural of “hardship” — a state of misfortune or affliction

From this reading Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading From his features one would guess his age at anything between thirty to thirty-five, although his actual years were short of twenty.

HOAXnounUS /hoʊks/

something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

kilometresnounUS /ˌkɪˈlɔːmʌtərz/

plural of “kilometre” — a metric unit of length equal to 1000 meters (or 0.621371 miles)

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

KOPENICK

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

lacknounUS /læk/

the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable

From this reading Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

lee-side

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

limitsnounUS /ˈlɪməts/

plural of “limit” — the greatest possible degree of something

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

loftyadjectiveUS /ˈlɔːfti/

of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

markingnounUS /ˈmɑːrkɪŋ/

a distinguishing symbol

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

monarchynounUS /ˈmɑːnɑːrki/

an autocracy governed by a monarch who usually inherits the authority

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

munchnounUS /mʌntʃ/

Norwegian painter (1863-1944)

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

nationaladjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

nourishmentnounUS /ˈnɜːrɪʃmənt/

a source of materials to nourish the body

From this reading Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading From his features one would guess his age at anything between thirty to thirty-five, although his actual years were short of twenty.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

piecenounUS /piːs/

a separate part of a whole

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

pinenounUS /paɪn/

a coniferous tree

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

pocketnounUS /ˈpɑːkət/

a small pouch inside a garment for carrying small articles

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

postverbUS /poʊst/

affix in a public place or for public notice

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

prematurelyadverbUS /ˌpriːməˈtʃʊrli/

(of childbirth) before the end of the normal period of gestation

From this reading Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.

PrivationnounUS /praɪˈveɪʃən/

a state of extreme poverty

From this reading Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.

ragsnounUS /ræɡz/

plural of “rag” — a small piece of cloth or paper

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

ravenouslyadverb

in the manner of someone who is very hungry

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

refusedverbUS /rəˈfjuːzd/

past form of “refuse” — show unwillingness towards

From this reading Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

Riesen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

ruggedadjectiveUS /ˈrʌɡəd/

sturdy and strong in constitution or construction; enduring

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

SaxonynounUS /ˈsæksəni/

an area in Germany around the upper Elbe river; the original home of the Saxons

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

SECONDnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

self-confidencenounUS /ˌselfˈkɑːnfədəns/

freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.

shelternounUS /ˈʃeltər/

a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

shelteringverbUS /ˈʃeltərɪŋ/

-ing form of “shelter” — provide shelter for

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading From his features one would guess his age at anything between thirty to thirty-five, although his actual years were short of twenty.

slopesnounUS /sloʊps/

plural of “slope” — an elevated geological formation

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

smotheredadjectiveUS /ˈsmʌðərd/

held in check with difficulty

From this reading Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.

SNOWnounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

snow-laden

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

southernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

steppingverbUS /ˈstepɪŋ/

inflected form of “step” — shift or move by taking a step

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

stripedadjectiveUS /straɪpt/

marked or decorated with stripes

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

sufficientadjectiveUS /səˈfɪʃənt/

of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant

From this reading Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.

thin-faced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading From his features one would guess his age at anything between thirty to thirty-five, although his actual years were short of twenty.

thirty-fiveadjectiveUS /ˈθɜːrdifaɪv/

being five more than thirty

From this reading From his features one would guess his age at anything between thirty to thirty-five, although his actual years were short of twenty.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading From his features one would guess his age at anything between thirty to thirty-five, although his actual years were short of twenty.

trailingnounUS /ˈtreɪlɪŋ/

the pursuit (of a person or animal) by following tracks or marks they left behind

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading At three kilometres beyond the diagonally striped post marking the limits of Saxony a thin-faced, emaciated man, clad in garments little better than a collection of rags, was sheltering on the lee-side of a gaunt pine tree.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading From his features one would guess his age at anything between thirty to thirty-five, although his actual years were short of twenty.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

untoldadjectiveUS /ənˈtoʊld/

too much to be measured

From this reading Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

vassalnounUS /ˈvæsəl/

a person holding a fief; a person who owes allegiance and service to a feudal lord

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "A SECOND KOPENICK HOAX" SNOW was descending in large flakes upon the southern slopes of the rugged Riesen Gebirge, the lofty range of mountains forming part of the national and political boundary between the German Empire and its vassal state--the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.

wayfarernoun

a pedestrian who walks from place to place

From this reading After stepping from under the trailing branches and glancing dubiously at the dark, snow-laden clouds, the wayfarer returned to his place of shelter, drew a small piece of black bread from his pocket and began to munch it ravenously.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading From his features one would guess his age at anything between thirty to thirty-five, although his actual years were short of twenty.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading From his features one would guess his age at anything between thirty to thirty-five, although his actual years were short of twenty.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading From his features one would guess his age at anything between thirty to thirty-five, although his actual years were short of twenty.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Privation, lack of sufficient nourishment, and hardships untold had prematurely aged him, yet there was a certain self-confidence in his bearing that refused to be smothered by adversity.

Chapter 28 of The Fritz Strafers: A Story of the Great War by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman holds 94 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of The Fritz Strafers: A Story of the Great War contain?

Chapter 28 holds 94 sentences of The Fritz Strafers: A Story of the Great War, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of The Fritz Strafers: A Story of the Great War by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 94 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of The Fritz Strafers: A Story of the Great War?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Fritz Strafers: A Story of the Great War

Common questions about reading The Fritz Strafers: A Story of the Great War by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 4609 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #65262 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Fritz Strafers: A Story of the Great War is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #65262, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Fritz Strafers: A Story of the Great War take to read?

About 384 minutes of reading across 922 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Fritz Strafers: A Story of the Great War section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The Fritz Strafers: A Story of the Great War

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Fritz Strafers: A Story of the Great War, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Percy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Fritz Strafers: A Story of the Great War; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Westerman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Fritz Strafers: A Story of the Great War; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Fritz Strafers: A Story of the Great War; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Billy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Fritz Strafers: A Story of the Great War; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.