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The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories
The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories is here in full — 417 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
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That son was never caught.
His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.
She should have been, of course.
But somehow, very strangely, she escaped from the palace before morning.
Poor old Giorgio was never able to work again.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories is here in full — 417 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
That son was never caught.
/ðæt sʌn wɑːz ˈnevər kɑːt/
Line 2
His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.
Line 3
She should have been, of course.
/ʃiː ʃʊd hæv bɪn ʌv kɔːrs/
Line 4
But somehow, very strangely, she escaped from the palace before morning.
/bʌt ˈsʌmhaʊ ˈveri ˈstreɪndʒli ʃiː ɪˈskeɪpt frʌm ðə ˈpæləs bɪˈfɔːr ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/
Line 5
Poor old Giorgio was never able to work again.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aided adjective US /ˈeɪdəd/

having help; often used as a combining form

From this reading “His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.”

claws noun US /klɔːz/

plural of “claw” — sharp curved horny process on the toe of a bird or some mammals or reptiles

From this reading “His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.”

disguise noun US /dɪsˈɡaɪz/

A means of altering one's appearance to conceal one's identity.

From this reading “His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.”

drawer noun US /drɔːr/

a boxlike container in a piece of furniture; made so as to slide in and out

From this reading “His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.”

francs noun US /fræŋks/

plural of “franc” — the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 centimes

From this reading “His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.”

gagged verb US /ɡæɡd/

inflected form of “gag” — prevent from speaking out

From this reading “His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.”

stabbed verb US /stæbd/

inflected form of “stab” — use a knife on

From this reading “His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.”

supported adjective US /səˈpɔːrtɪd/

sustained or maintained by aid (as distinct from physical support)

From this reading “His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

thousand francs noun + noun counted as “thousand franc”

In this reading “His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.”

secret drawer noun + noun

In this reading “His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.”

three thousand noun + noun

In this reading “His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.”

of course preposition + noun

as might be expected

In this reading “She should have been, of course.”

in order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.”

in the world preposition + article + noun counted as “in … world”

In this reading “His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.”

stood by verb + particle

In this reading “His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

absolutelyadverbUS /ˌæbsəˈluːtli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

activeadjectiveUS /ˈæktɪv/

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Poor old Giorgio was never able to work again.

aidedadjectiveUS /ˈeɪdəd/

having help; often used as a combining form

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

arrestedverbUS /ərˈestɪd/

past form of “arrest” — take into custody

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

beatverbUS /biːt/

come out better in a competition, race, or conflict

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading She should have been, of course.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading But somehow, very strangely, she escaped from the palace before morning.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

caughtverbUS /kɑːt/

inflected form of “catch” — discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading That son was never caught.

clawsnounUS /klɔːz/

plural of “claw” — sharp curved horny process on the toe of a bird or some mammals or reptiles

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading She should have been, of course.

disguisenounUS /dɪsˈɡaɪz/

A means of altering one's appearance to conceal one's identity.

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

drawernounUS /drɔːr/

a boxlike container in a piece of furniture; made so as to slide in and out

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

escapedadjectiveUS /ɪˈskeɪpt/

having escaped, especially from confinement

From this reading But somehow, very strangely, she escaped from the palace before morning.

fellow-servants

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

francsnounUS /fræŋks/

plural of “franc” — the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 centimes

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

gaggedverbUS /ɡæɡd/

inflected form of “gag” — prevent from speaking out

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

Giorgio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Poor old Giorgio was never able to work again.

girlnounUS /ɡɜːrl/

a young female

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading She should have been, of course.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

honestadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnəst/

not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

indefatigablyadverb

with indefatigable energy

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading But somehow, very strangely, she escaped from the palace before morning.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading That son was never caught.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading She should have been, of course.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Poor old Giorgio was never able to work again.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

palacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading But somehow, very strangely, she escaped from the palace before morning.

PooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Poor old Giorgio was never able to work again.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

sendverbUS /send/

cause to go somewhere

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

seventy-fouradjective

being four more than seventy

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading She should have been, of course.

smartadjectiveUS /smɑːrt/

showing mental alertness and calculation and resourcefulness

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

somehowadverbUS /ˈsʌmhaʊ/

in some unspecified way or manner; or by some unspecified means

From this reading But somehow, very strangely, she escaped from the palace before morning.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading That son was never caught.

stabbedverbUS /stæbd/

inflected form of “stab” — use a knife on

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

stolenverbUS /ˈstoʊlən/

inflected form of “steal” — take without the owner's consent

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

strangelyadverbUS /ˈstreɪndʒli/

in a strange manner

From this reading But somehow, very strangely, she escaped from the palace before morning.

suppliedverbUS /səˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “supply” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

supportedadjectiveUS /səˈpɔːrtɪd/

sustained or maintained by aid (as distinct from physical support)

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That son was never caught.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading But somehow, very strangely, she escaped from the palace before morning.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading That son was never caught.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Poor old Giorgio was never able to work again.

workedverbUS /wɜːrkt/

past form of “work” — exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

wornverbUS /wɔːrn/

Damaged or thinned by continuous use.

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading His mother, who had worked for him indefatigably through her whole life--worked so hard that her hands were worn almost to claws--who had supported him and supplied him, who had made herself young and active like a girl, though she was seventy-four, in order to be able to send him money--his mother, who had allowed herself nothing in the world but the few smart clothes necessary for her disguise, who was absolutely honest, but who had stolen for him three thousand francs from the secret drawer, and had stood by and aided him when he beat, stabbed, and gagged her fellow-servants--this mother was not arrested.

Chapter 11 of The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories by Constance Fenimore Woolson holds 417 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories contain?

Chapter 11 holds 417 sentences of The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories by Constance Fenimore Woolson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 417 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories

Common questions about reading The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories by Constance Fenimore Woolson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories?

Yes. All 4932 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #38517 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #38517, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories take to read?

About 411 minutes of reading across 987 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories section by section

How to work through The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Horace
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chase
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stories
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.