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The Frozen North
The Frozen North

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The Frozen North is here in full — 434 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Frozen North
Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
This man’s name was Menka.
He gave Nordenskjöld two roasts of reindeer meat, and in return received some tobacco and a woolen shirt.
Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.
Menka consented, and Nordenskjöld wrote the letter and gave it to him.
Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Frozen North

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The Frozen North is here in full — 434 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
This man’s name was Menka.
Line 2
He gave Nordenskjöld two roasts of reindeer meat, and in return received some tobacco and a woolen shirt.
Line 3
Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.
Line 4
Menka consented, and Nordenskjöld wrote the letter and gave it to him.
Line 5
Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

admiring verb US /ædˈmaɪrɪŋ/

-ing form of “admire” — feel admiration for

From this reading “Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.”

authorities noun US /əˈθɔːrətiz/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading “Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.”

misunderstood adjective US /ˌmɪsəndərˈstʊd/

wrongly understood

From this reading “Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.”

Oscar noun US /ˈɔːskər/

an annual award by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for achievements in motion picture production and performance

From this reading “Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.”

reindeer noun US /ˈreɪndɪr/

Arctic deer with large antlers in both sexes; called “reindeer” in Eurasia and “caribou” in North America

From this reading “He gave Nordenskjöld two roasts of reindeer meat, and in return received some tobacco and a woolen shirt.”

roasts noun US /roʊsts/

plural of “roast” — a piece of meat roasted or for roasting and of a size for slicing into more than one portion

From this reading “He gave Nordenskjöld two roasts of reindeer meat, and in return received some tobacco and a woolen shirt.”

upside noun US /ˈʌpˈsaɪd/

the highest or uppermost side of anything

From this reading “Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.”

woolen noun US /ˈwʊlən/

a fabric made from the hair of sheep

From this reading “He gave Nordenskjöld two roasts of reindeer meat, and in return received some tobacco and a woolen shirt.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

wrote the letter verb + article + noun counted as “write … letter”

In this reading “Menka consented, and Nordenskjöld wrote the letter and gave it to him.”

some distance adjective + noun

In this reading “Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.”

own language verb + noun

In this reading “Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He gave Nordenskjöld two roasts of reindeer meat, and in return received some tobacco and a woolen shirt.

admiringverbUS /ædˈmaɪrɪŋ/

-ing form of “admire” — feel admiration for

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He gave Nordenskjöld two roasts of reindeer meat, and in return received some tobacco and a woolen shirt.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.

assembledverbUS /əˈsembəld/

past form of “assemble” — create by putting components or members together

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

audiencenounUS /ˈɑːdiəns/

a gathering of spectators or listeners at a (usually public) performance

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

authoritiesnounUS /əˈθɔːrətiz/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.

consentedverbUS /kənˈsentɪd/

past form of “consent” — give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to

From this reading Menka consented, and Nordenskjöld wrote the letter and gave it to him.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

FindingnounUS /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading He gave Nordenskjöld two roasts of reindeer meat, and in return received some tobacco and a woolen shirt.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.

gravelyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪvli/

in a grave and sober manner

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He gave Nordenskjöld two roasts of reindeer meat, and in return received some tobacco and a woolen shirt.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

holdingnounUS /ˈhoʊldɪŋ/

the act of retaining something

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He gave Nordenskjöld two roasts of reindeer meat, and in return received some tobacco and a woolen shirt.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Menka consented, and Nordenskjöld wrote the letter and gave it to him.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.

knowsnounUS /noʊz/

plural of “know” — the fact of being aware of information that is known to few people

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading This man’s name was Menka.

meatnounUS /miːt/

the flesh of animals (including fishes and birds and snails) used as food

From this reading He gave Nordenskjöld two roasts of reindeer meat, and in return received some tobacco and a woolen shirt.

Menka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This man’s name was Menka.

misunderstoodadjectiveUS /ˌmɪsəndərˈstʊd/

wrongly understood

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading This man’s name was Menka.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

Nordenskjöld

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He gave Nordenskjöld two roasts of reindeer meat, and in return received some tobacco and a woolen shirt.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He gave Nordenskjöld two roasts of reindeer meat, and in return received some tobacco and a woolen shirt.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

OscarnounUS /ˈɔːskər/

an annual award by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for achievements in motion picture production and performance

From this reading Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading He gave Nordenskjöld two roasts of reindeer meat, and in return received some tobacco and a woolen shirt.

reindeernounUS /ˈreɪndɪr/

Arctic deer with large antlers in both sexes; called “reindeer” in Eurasia and “caribou” in North America

From this reading He gave Nordenskjöld two roasts of reindeer meat, and in return received some tobacco and a woolen shirt.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading He gave Nordenskjöld two roasts of reindeer meat, and in return received some tobacco and a woolen shirt.

roastsnounUS /roʊsts/

plural of “roast” — a piece of meat roasted or for roasting and of a size for slicing into more than one portion

From this reading He gave Nordenskjöld two roasts of reindeer meat, and in return received some tobacco and a woolen shirt.

RussiannounUS /ˈrʌʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.

shirtnounUS /ʃɜːrt/

a garment worn on the upper half of the body

From this reading He gave Nordenskjöld two roasts of reindeer meat, and in return received some tobacco and a woolen shirt.

shorenounUS /ʃɔːr/

the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading He gave Nordenskjöld two roasts of reindeer meat, and in return received some tobacco and a woolen shirt.

Tchuktches

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This man’s name was Menka.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.

tobacconounUS /təˈbækoʊ/

leaves of the tobacco plant dried and prepared for smoking or ingestion

From this reading He gave Nordenskjöld two roasts of reindeer meat, and in return received some tobacco and a woolen shirt.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading He gave Nordenskjöld two roasts of reindeer meat, and in return received some tobacco and a woolen shirt.

upsidenounUS /ˈʌpˈsaɪd/

the highest or uppermost side of anything

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This man’s name was Menka.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Finding that Menka was going to a Russian town some distance away, Nordenskjöld asked him to carry a letter to the Russian authorities there, as he wanted to let King Oscar know where he was.

WhetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Whether Menka misunderstood or not, no one knows; but when he reached shore he assembled the Tchuktches, opened the letter, and, holding it upside down, gravely read it in his own language to his admiring audience.

woolennounUS /ˈwʊlən/

a fabric made from the hair of sheep

From this reading He gave Nordenskjöld two roasts of reindeer meat, and in return received some tobacco and a woolen shirt.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading Menka consented, and Nordenskjöld wrote the letter and gave it to him.

Chapter 3 of The Frozen North by Edith Horton holds 434 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Frozen North contain?

Chapter 3 holds 434 sentences of The Frozen North, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Frozen North by Edith Horton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 434 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Frozen North?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Frozen North

Common questions about reading The Frozen North by Edith Horton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Frozen North?

Yes. All 2100 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #65193 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Frozen North is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #65193, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Frozen North take to read?

About 175 minutes of reading across 420 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Frozen North section by section

How to work through The Frozen North section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of The Frozen North to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Frozen North

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Frozen North, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

While
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Frozen North; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Abundant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Frozen North; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Material
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Frozen North; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Children
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Frozen North; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.