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The Gadfly
The Gadfly

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Gadfly is here in full — 193 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Gadfly
Context Illustration Reading 1/38 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Arthur sat in the library of the theological seminary at Pisa, looking through a pile of manuscript sermons.
It was a hot evening in June, and the windows stood wide open, with the shutters half closed for coolness.
The Father Director, Canon Montanelli, paused a moment in his writing to glance lovingly at the black head bent over the papers.
Can't you find it, carino?
Never mind; I must rewrite the passage.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Gadfly

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Gadfly is here in full — 193 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/38 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Arthur sat in the library of the theological seminary at Pisa, looking through a pile of manuscript sermons.
/ˈɑːrθər sæt ɪn ðə ˈlaɪbreriː ʌv ðə ˌθiːəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl ˈseməneri æt ˈpiːsə ˈlʊkɪŋ θruː ə paɪl ʌv ˈmæn.jə.skrɪpt ˈsɜːrmənz/
Line 2
It was a hot evening in June, and the windows stood wide open, with the shutters half closed for coolness.
/ɪt wɑːz ə hɑːt ˈiːvnɪŋ ɪn dʒuːn ənd ðə ˈwɪndoʊz stʊd waɪd ˈoʊ.pən wɪð ðə ˈʃʌtərz hæf kloʊzd fɔːr ˈkuːlnəs/
Line 3
The Father Director, Canon Montanelli, paused a moment in his writing to glance lovingly at the black head bent over the papers.
Line 4
Can't you find it, carino?
Line 5
Never mind; I must rewrite the passage.
/ˈnevər maɪnd aɪ mʌst riˈraɪt ðə ˈpæsədʒ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Canon noun US /ˈkænən/

a rule or especially body of rules or principles generally established as valid and fundamental in a field of art or philosophy

From this reading “The Father Director, Canon Montanelli, paused a moment in his writing to glance lovingly at the black head bent over the papers.”

Director noun US /dərˈektər/

someone who controls resources and expenditures

From this reading “The Father Director, Canon Montanelli, paused a moment in his writing to glance lovingly at the black head bent over the papers.”

lovingly adverb US /ˈlʌvɪŋli/

with fondness; with love

From this reading “The Father Director, Canon Montanelli, paused a moment in his writing to glance lovingly at the black head bent over the papers.”

Pisa noun US /ˈpiːsə/

a city in Tuscany; site of the famous Leaning Tower

From this reading “Arthur sat in the library of the theological seminary at Pisa, looking through a pile of manuscript sermons.”

rewrite verb US /riˈraɪt/

write differently; alter the writing of

From this reading “Never mind; I must rewrite the passage.”

seminary noun US /ˈseməneri/

a private place of education for the young

From this reading “Arthur sat in the library of the theological seminary at Pisa, looking through a pile of manuscript sermons.”

sermons noun US /ˈsɜːrmənz/

plural of “sermon” — an address of a religious nature (usually delivered during a church service)

From this reading “Arthur sat in the library of the theological seminary at Pisa, looking through a pile of manuscript sermons.”

theological adjective US /ˌθiːəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

of or relating to or concerning theology

From this reading “Arthur sat in the library of the theological seminary at Pisa, looking through a pile of manuscript sermons.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Arthur sat in the library of the theological seminary at Pisa, looking through a pile of manuscript sermons.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was a hot evening in June, and the windows stood wide open, with the shutters half closed for coolness.

ArthurnounUS /ˈɑːrθər/

elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading Arthur sat in the library of the theological seminary at Pisa, looking through a pile of manuscript sermons.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Arthur sat in the library of the theological seminary at Pisa, looking through a pile of manuscript sermons.

bentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading The Father Director, Canon Montanelli, paused a moment in his writing to glance lovingly at the black head bent over the papers.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading The Father Director, Canon Montanelli, paused a moment in his writing to glance lovingly at the black head bent over the papers.

Can't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Can't you find it, carino?

CanonnounUS /ˈkænən/

a rule or especially body of rules or principles generally established as valid and fundamental in a field of art or philosophy

From this reading The Father Director, Canon Montanelli, paused a moment in his writing to glance lovingly at the black head bent over the papers.

carino

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Can't you find it, carino?

closedadjectiveUS /kloʊzd/

not open or affording passage or access

From this reading It was a hot evening in June, and the windows stood wide open, with the shutters half closed for coolness.

coolnessnounUS /ˈkuːlnəs/

calm and unruffled self-assurance

From this reading It was a hot evening in June, and the windows stood wide open, with the shutters half closed for coolness.

DirectornounUS /dərˈektər/

someone who controls resources and expenditures

From this reading The Father Director, Canon Montanelli, paused a moment in his writing to glance lovingly at the black head bent over the papers.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading It was a hot evening in June, and the windows stood wide open, with the shutters half closed for coolness.

FathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading The Father Director, Canon Montanelli, paused a moment in his writing to glance lovingly at the black head bent over the papers.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading “Can't you find it, carino?

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was a hot evening in June, and the windows stood wide open, with the shutters half closed for coolness.

glanceverbUS /ɡlæns/

throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading The Father Director, Canon Montanelli, paused a moment in his writing to glance lovingly at the black head bent over the papers.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading It was a hot evening in June, and the windows stood wide open, with the shutters half closed for coolness.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The Father Director, Canon Montanelli, paused a moment in his writing to glance lovingly at the black head bent over the papers.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The Father Director, Canon Montanelli, paused a moment in his writing to glance lovingly at the black head bent over the papers.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading It was a hot evening in June, and the windows stood wide open, with the shutters half closed for coolness.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Never mind; I must rewrite the passage.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Arthur sat in the library of the theological seminary at Pisa, looking through a pile of manuscript sermons.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was a hot evening in June, and the windows stood wide open, with the shutters half closed for coolness.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading It was a hot evening in June, and the windows stood wide open, with the shutters half closed for coolness.

librarynounUS /ˈlaɪbreriː/

a room where books are kept

From this reading Arthur sat in the library of the theological seminary at Pisa, looking through a pile of manuscript sermons.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading Arthur sat in the library of the theological seminary at Pisa, looking through a pile of manuscript sermons.

lovinglyadverbUS /ˈlʌvɪŋli/

with fondness; with love

From this reading The Father Director, Canon Montanelli, paused a moment in his writing to glance lovingly at the black head bent over the papers.

manuscriptnounUS /ˈmæn.jə.skrɪpt/

A book, document, or piece of music written by hand rather than typed or printed.

From this reading Arthur sat in the library of the theological seminary at Pisa, looking through a pile of manuscript sermons.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Never mind; I must rewrite the passage.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading The Father Director, Canon Montanelli, paused a moment in his writing to glance lovingly at the black head bent over the papers.

Montanelli

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Father Director, Canon Montanelli, paused a moment in his writing to glance lovingly at the black head bent over the papers.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Never mind; I must rewrite the passage.

NeveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Never mind; I must rewrite the passage.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Arthur sat in the library of the theological seminary at Pisa, looking through a pile of manuscript sermons.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading It was a hot evening in June, and the windows stood wide open, with the shutters half closed for coolness.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The Father Director, Canon Montanelli, paused a moment in his writing to glance lovingly at the black head bent over the papers.

papersnounUS /ˈpeɪpərz/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading The Father Director, Canon Montanelli, paused a moment in his writing to glance lovingly at the black head bent over the papers.

passagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading Never mind; I must rewrite the passage.

pausedverbUS /pɔːzd/

past form of “pause” — interrupt temporarily an activity before continuing

From this reading The Father Director, Canon Montanelli, paused a moment in his writing to glance lovingly at the black head bent over the papers.

pilenounUS /paɪl/

a collection of objects laid on top of each other

From this reading Arthur sat in the library of the theological seminary at Pisa, looking through a pile of manuscript sermons.

PisanounUS /ˈpiːsə/

a city in Tuscany; site of the famous Leaning Tower

From this reading Arthur sat in the library of the theological seminary at Pisa, looking through a pile of manuscript sermons.

rewriteverbUS /riˈraɪt/

write differently; alter the writing of

From this reading Never mind; I must rewrite the passage.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading Arthur sat in the library of the theological seminary at Pisa, looking through a pile of manuscript sermons.

seminarynounUS /ˈseməneri/

a private place of education for the young

From this reading Arthur sat in the library of the theological seminary at Pisa, looking through a pile of manuscript sermons.

sermonsnounUS /ˈsɜːrmənz/

plural of “sermon” — an address of a religious nature (usually delivered during a church service)

From this reading Arthur sat in the library of the theological seminary at Pisa, looking through a pile of manuscript sermons.

shuttersnounUS /ˈʃʌtərz/

plural of “shutter” — a mechanical device on a camera that opens and closes to control the time of a photographic exposure

From this reading It was a hot evening in June, and the windows stood wide open, with the shutters half closed for coolness.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading It was a hot evening in June, and the windows stood wide open, with the shutters half closed for coolness.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Arthur sat in the library of the theological seminary at Pisa, looking through a pile of manuscript sermons.

theologicaladjectiveUS /ˌθiːəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

of or relating to or concerning theology

From this reading Arthur sat in the library of the theological seminary at Pisa, looking through a pile of manuscript sermons.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Arthur sat in the library of the theological seminary at Pisa, looking through a pile of manuscript sermons.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Father Director, Canon Montanelli, paused a moment in his writing to glance lovingly at the black head bent over the papers.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was a hot evening in June, and the windows stood wide open, with the shutters half closed for coolness.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading It was a hot evening in June, and the windows stood wide open, with the shutters half closed for coolness.

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading It was a hot evening in June, and the windows stood wide open, with the shutters half closed for coolness.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was a hot evening in June, and the windows stood wide open, with the shutters half closed for coolness.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading The Father Director, Canon Montanelli, paused a moment in his writing to glance lovingly at the black head bent over the papers.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “Can't you find it, carino?

Chapter 1 of The Gadfly by E. L. (Ethel Lillian) Voynich holds 193 sentences, grouped into 39 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Gadfly contain?

Chapter 1 holds 193 sentences of The Gadfly, unabridged, divided into 39 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Gadfly by E. L. (Ethel Lillian) Voynich exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 193 sentences, grouped into 39 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Gadfly?

Work through the 39 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 39 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Gadfly

Common questions about reading The Gadfly by E. L. (Ethel Lillian) Voynich on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Gadfly?

Yes. All 6695 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3431 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Gadfly is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3431, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Gadfly take to read?

About 557 minutes of reading across 1339 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Gadfly section by section

How to work through The Gadfly section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of The Gadfly to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Gadfly

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Gadfly, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Arthur
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Library
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Theological
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Seminary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.