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The Gadfly
The Gadfly

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Gadfly is here in full — 189 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Gadfly
Context Illustration Reading 1/37 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE autumn and winter passed uneventfully.
Arthur was reading hard and had little spare time.
He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.
From time to time he would come in to ask for help with some difficult book; but on these occasions the subject of study was strictly adhered to.
Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Gadfly

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Gadfly is here in full — 189 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE autumn and winter passed uneventfully.
Line 2
Arthur was reading hard and had little spare time.
/ˈɑːrθər wɑːz ˈriːdɪŋ hɑːrd ənd hæd ˈlɪtəl sper taɪm/
Line 3
He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.
Line 4
From time to time he would come in to ask for help with some difficult book; but on these occasions the subject of study was strictly adhered to.
/frʌm taɪm tuː taɪm hiː wʊd kʌm ɪn tuː æsk fɔːr help wɪð sʌm ˈdɪfəkəlt bʊk bʌt ɑːn ðiːz əˈkeɪʒənz ðə səbˈdʒekt ʌv ˈstʌdi wɑːz ˈstrɪktli ædˈhɪrd tuː/
Line 5
Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adhered verb US /ædˈhɪrd/

past form of “adhere” — be compatible or in accordance with

From this reading “From time to time he would come in to ask for help with some difficult book; but on these occasions the subject of study was strictly adhered to.”

barrier noun US /ˈbæriər/

a structure or object that impedes free movement

From this reading “Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.”

contrived adjective US /kənˈtraɪvd/

showing effects of planning or manipulation

From this reading “He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.”

oftener adverb US /ˈɔːfənər/

more often or more frequently

From this reading “He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.”

relationship noun US /riˈleɪʃənʃɪp/

a relation between people; (“relationship” is often used where “relation” would serve, as in `the relationship between inflation and unemployment', but the preferred usage of “relationship” is for human relations or states of relatedness)

From this reading “Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.”

retain verb US /rɪˈteɪn/

hold back within

From this reading “Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.”

shrank verb US /ʃræŋk/

inflected form of “shrink” — wither, as with a loss of moisture

From this reading “Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.”

strictly adverb US /ˈstrɪktli/

restricted to something

From this reading “From time to time he would come in to ask for help with some difficult book; but on these occasions the subject of study was strictly adhered to.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.

adheredverbUS /ædˈhɪrd/

past form of “adhere” — be compatible or in accordance with

From this reading From time to time he would come in to ask for help with some difficult book; but on these occasions the subject of study was strictly adhered to.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE autumn and winter passed uneventfully.

ArthurnounUS /ˈɑːrθər/

elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading Arthur was reading hard and had little spare time.

askverbUS /æsk/

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading From time to time he would come in to ask for help with some difficult book; but on these occasions the subject of study was strictly adhered to.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

autumnnounUS /ˈɔːtəm/

the season when the leaves fall from the trees

From this reading THE autumn and winter passed uneventfully.

barriernounUS /ˈbæriər/

a structure or object that impedes free movement

From this reading Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading From time to time he would come in to ask for help with some difficult book; but on these occasions the subject of study was strictly adhered to.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading From time to time he would come in to ask for help with some difficult book; but on these occasions the subject of study was strictly adhered to.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading From time to time he would come in to ask for help with some difficult book; but on these occasions the subject of study was strictly adhered to.

contrivedadjectiveUS /kənˈtraɪvd/

showing effects of planning or manipulation

From this reading He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading From time to time he would come in to ask for help with some difficult book; but on these occasions the subject of study was strictly adhered to.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From time to time he would come in to ask for help with some difficult book; but on these occasions the subject of study was strictly adhered to.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.

glimpsenounUS /ɡlɪmps/

a quick look

From this reading He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Arthur was reading hard and had little spare time.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Arthur was reading hard and had little spare time.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading From time to time he would come in to ask for help with some difficult book; but on these occasions the subject of study was strictly adhered to.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.

impalpableadjective

incapable of being perceived by the senses especially the sense of touch

From this reading Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Arthur was reading hard and had little spare time.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

minutesnounUS /ˈmɪnəts/

a written account of what transpired at a meeting

From this reading He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.

Montanelli

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.

observingadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ/

quick to notice; showing quick and keen perception

From this reading Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

occasionsnounUS /əˈkeɪʒənz/

something you have to do

From this reading From time to time he would come in to ask for help with some difficult book; but on these occasions the subject of study was strictly adhered to.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.

ofteneradverbUS /ˈɔːfənər/

more often or more frequently

From this reading He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading From time to time he would come in to ask for help with some difficult book; but on these occasions the subject of study was strictly adhered to.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading THE autumn and winter passed uneventfully.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading Arthur was reading hard and had little spare time.

relationshipnounUS /riˈleɪʃənʃɪp/

a relation between people; (“relationship” is often used where “relation” would serve, as in `the relationship between inflation and unemployment', but the preferred usage of “relationship” is for human relations or states of relatedness)

From this reading Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

retainverbUS /rɪˈteɪn/

hold back within

From this reading Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

shrankverbUS /ʃræŋk/

inflected form of “shrink” — wither, as with a loss of moisture

From this reading Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

slightnounUS /slaɪt/

a deliberate discourteous act (usually as an expression of anger or disapproval)

From this reading Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading From time to time he would come in to ask for help with some difficult book; but on these occasions the subject of study was strictly adhered to.

spareverbUS /sper/

refrain from harming

From this reading Arthur was reading hard and had little spare time.

strictlyadverbUS /ˈstrɪktli/

restricted to something

From this reading From time to time he would come in to ask for help with some difficult book; but on these occasions the subject of study was strictly adhered to.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading From time to time he would come in to ask for help with some difficult book; but on these occasions the subject of study was strictly adhered to.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading From time to time he would come in to ask for help with some difficult book; but on these occasions the subject of study was strictly adhered to.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE autumn and winter passed uneventfully.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading From time to time he would come in to ask for help with some difficult book; but on these occasions the subject of study was strictly adhered to.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Arthur was reading hard and had little spare time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.

uneventfullyadverb

in an uneventful manner

From this reading THE autumn and winter passed uneventfully.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Arthur was reading hard and had little spare time.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading He contrived to get a glimpse of Montanelli once or oftener in every week, if only for a few minutes.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Montanelli, feeling, rather than observing, the slight, impalpable barrier that had come between them, shrank from everything which might seem like an attempt to retain the old close relationship.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading THE autumn and winter passed uneventfully.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading From time to time he would come in to ask for help with some difficult book; but on these occasions the subject of study was strictly adhered to.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading From time to time he would come in to ask for help with some difficult book; but on these occasions the subject of study was strictly adhered to.

Chapter 3 of The Gadfly by E. L. (Ethel Lillian) Voynich holds 189 sentences, grouped into 38 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Gadfly contain?

Chapter 3 holds 189 sentences of The Gadfly, unabridged, divided into 38 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Gadfly by E. L. (Ethel Lillian) Voynich exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 189 sentences, grouped into 38 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Gadfly?

Work through the 38 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 38 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Gadfly

Common questions about reading The Gadfly by E. L. (Ethel Lillian) Voynich on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Gadfly?

Yes. All 6695 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3431 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Gadfly is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3431, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Gadfly take to read?

About 557 minutes of reading across 1339 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Gadfly section by section

How to work through The Gadfly section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of The Gadfly to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Gadfly

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Gadfly, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Arthur
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Library
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Theological
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Seminary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.