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The Gadfly
The Gadfly

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of The Gadfly is here in full — 169 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MONSIGNOR MONTANELLI arrived in Florence in the first week of October.
His visit caused a little flutter of excitement throughout the town.
He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.
The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.
The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Gadfly

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of The Gadfly is here in full — 169 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MONSIGNOR MONTANELLI arrived in Florence in the first week of October.
Line 2
His visit caused a little flutter of excitement throughout the town.
/hɪz ˈvɪzɪt kɑːzd ə ˈlɪtəl ˈflʌtər ʌv ɪkˈsaɪtmənt θruːˈaʊt ðə taʊn/
Line 3
He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of thenew doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.
/hiː wɑːz ə ˈfeɪməs ˈpriːtʃər ənd ə ˌreprəˈzentətɪv ʌv ðə rɪˈfɔːrmd ˈpeɪpəsi ənd ˈpiːpəl lʊkt ˈiːɡərli tuː hɪm fɔːr æn ˌekspəˈzɪʃən ʌv ðə nuː ˈdɑːktrən ðə ˈɡɑːspəl ʌv lʌv ənd ˌrekənsɪliˈeɪʃən wɪtʃ wɑːz tuː kjʊr ðə ˈsɑːroʊz ʌv ˈɪtəli/
Line 4
The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.
Line 5
The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adjuncts noun US /ˈædʒʌŋkts/

plural of “adjunct” — something added to another thing but not an essential part of it

From this reading “The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.”

blackmailing verb US /ˈblækmeɪlɪŋ/

-ing form of “blackmail” — exert pressure on someone through threats

From this reading “The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.”

dignitaries noun US /ˈdɪɡnəteriz/

plural of “dignitary” — an important or influential (and often overbearing) person

From this reading “The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.”

invariable adjective US /ˌɪnˈveriəbəl/

not liable to or capable of change

From this reading “The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.”

monsignor noun US /mɑːnˈsiːnjər/

(Roman Catholic Church) an ecclesiastical title of honor bestowed on some priests

From this reading “MONSIGNOR MONTANELLI arrived in Florence in the first week of October.”

nomination noun US /ˌnɑːməˈneɪʃən/

the act of officially naming a candidate

From this reading “The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.”

Papacy noun US /ˈpeɪpəsi/

the government of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading “He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.”

prelate noun US /ˈprelɪt/

a senior clergyman and dignitary

From this reading “The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.”

All words in this reading · 93

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading His visit caused a little flutter of excitement throughout the town.

accustomedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌstəmd/

commonly used or practiced; usual

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

adjunctsnounUS /ˈædʒʌŋkts/

plural of “adjunct” — something added to another thing but not an essential part of it

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading MONSIGNOR MONTANELLI arrived in Florence in the first week of October.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

attractverbUS /əˈtrækt/

direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

blackmailingverbUS /ˈblækmeɪlɪŋ/

-ing form of “blackmail” — exert pressure on someone through threats

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

CardinalnounUS /ˈkɑːrdənəl/

(Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

careernounUS /kərˈɪr/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading His visit caused a little flutter of excitement throughout the town.

ChurchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

cureverbUS /kjʊr/

provide a cure for, make healthy again

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

detestedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtestɪd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

dignitariesnounUS /ˈdɪɡnəteriz/

plural of “dignitary” — an important or influential (and often overbearing) person

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

disreputableadjectiveUS /dɪsˈrepjətəbəl/

lacking respectability in character or behavior or appearance

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

doctrinenounUS /ˈdɑːktrən/

a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

eagerlyadverbUS /ˈiːɡərli/

with eagerness; in an eager manner

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

enthusiasmnounUS /ɪnˈθuːziæzəm/

a feeling of excitement

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

excitementnounUS /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/

the feeling of lively and cheerful joy

From this reading His visit caused a little flutter of excitement throughout the town.

expositionnounUS /ˌekspəˈzɪʃən/

a systematic interpretation or explanation (usually written) of a specific topic

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading MONSIGNOR MONTANELLI arrived in Florence in the first week of October.

FlorencenounUS /ˈflɔːrəns/

a city in central Italy on the Arno; provincial capital of Tuscany; center of the Italian Renaissance from 14th to 16th centuries

From this reading MONSIGNOR MONTANELLI arrived in Florence in the first week of October.

flutterverbUS /ˈflʌtər/

move along rapidly and lightly; skim or dart

From this reading His visit caused a little flutter of excitement throughout the town.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

Gizzi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

gospelnounUS /ˈɡɑːspəl/

the four books in the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) that tell the story of Christ's life and teachings

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

highestadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪəst/

superlative of “high” — greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His visit caused a little flutter of excitement throughout the town.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading MONSIGNOR MONTANELLI arrived in Florence in the first week of October.

intriguesnounUS /ˌɪnˈtriːɡz/

plural of “intrigue” — a crafty and involved plot to achieve your (usually sinister) ends

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

invariableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈveriəbəl/

not liable to or capable of change

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

irreproachableadjective

free of guilt; not subject to blame

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

Lambruschini

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading His visit caused a little flutter of excitement throughout the town.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

MONSIGNORnounUS /mɑːnˈsiːnjər/

(Roman Catholic Church) an ecclesiastical title of honor bestowed on some priests

From this reading MONSIGNOR MONTANELLI arrived in Florence in the first week of October.

MONTANELLI

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MONSIGNOR MONTANELLI arrived in Florence in the first week of October.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

nominationnounUS /ˌnɑːməˈneɪʃən/

the act of officially naming a candidate

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading MONSIGNOR MONTANELLI arrived in Florence in the first week of October.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MONSIGNOR MONTANELLI arrived in Florence in the first week of October.

PapacynounUS /ˈpeɪpəsi/

the government of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

peculationnoun

the fraudulent appropriation of funds or property entrusted to your care but actually owned by someone else

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

phenomenonnounUS /fəˈnɑːmənɑːn/

any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

pitchnounUS /pɪtʃ/

the property of sound that varies with variation in the frequency of vibration

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

preachernounUS /ˈpriːtʃər/

someone whose occupation is preaching the gospel

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

prelatenounUS /ˈprelɪt/

a senior clergyman and dignitary

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

rareadjectiveUS /rer/

not widely known; especially valued for its uncommonness

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

reconciliationnounUS /ˌrekənsɪliˈeɪʃən/

the reestablishing of cordial relations

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

reformedadjectiveUS /rɪˈfɔːrmd/

of or relating to the body of Protestant Christianity arising during the Reformation; used of some Protestant churches especially Calvinist as distinct from Lutheran

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

representativenounUS /ˌreprəˈzentətɪv/

a person who represents others

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

Secretaryshipnoun

the position of secretary

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

sorrowsnounUS /ˈsɑːroʊz/

plural of “sorrow” — an emotion of great sadness associated with loss or bereavement

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

strictnessnoun

conscientious attention to rules and details

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

sufficientlyadverbUS /səˈfɪʃəntli/

to a sufficient degree

From this reading The irreproachable strictness of his life was a phenomenon sufficiently rare among the high dignitaries of the Roman Church to attract the attention of people accustomed to regard blackmailing, peculation, and disreputable intrigues as almost invariable adjuncts to the career of a prelate.

sustainverbUS /səˈsteɪn/

lengthen or extend in duration or space

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MONSIGNOR MONTANELLI arrived in Florence in the first week of October.

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading His visit caused a little flutter of excitement throughout the town.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading His visit caused a little flutter of excitement throughout the town.

universallyadverbUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəli/

everywhere

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

visitverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading His visit caused a little flutter of excitement throughout the town.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading MONSIGNOR MONTANELLI arrived in Florence in the first week of October.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He was a famous preacher and a representative of the reformed Papacy; and people looked eagerly to him for an exposition of the “new doctrine,” the gospel of love and reconciliation which was to cure the sorrows of Italy.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The nomination of Cardinal Gizzi to the Roman State Secretaryship in place of the universally detested Lambruschini had raised the public enthusiasm to its highest pitch; and Montanelli was just the man who could most easily sustain it.

Chapter 11 of The Gadfly by E. L. (Ethel Lillian) Voynich holds 169 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of The Gadfly contain?

Chapter 11 holds 169 sentences of The Gadfly, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of The Gadfly by E. L. (Ethel Lillian) Voynich exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 169 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of The Gadfly?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Gadfly

Common questions about reading The Gadfly by E. L. (Ethel Lillian) Voynich on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Gadfly?

Yes. All 6695 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3431 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Gadfly is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3431, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Gadfly take to read?

About 557 minutes of reading across 1339 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Gadfly section by section

How to work through The Gadfly section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of The Gadfly to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Gadfly

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Gadfly, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Arthur
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Library
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Theological
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Seminary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.