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The Gadfly
The Gadfly

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of The Gadfly is here in full — 226 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/45 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
TOWARDS the middle of February the Gadfly went to Leghorn.
Gemma had introduced him to a young Englishman there, a shipping-agent of liberal views, whom she and her husband had known in England.
He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.
She was, therefore, according to party etiquette, free to make use of the connexion in any way that might seem good to her.
Whether any use could be got out of it was quite another question.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Gadfly

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of The Gadfly is here in full — 226 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/45 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
TOWARDS the middle of February the Gadfly went to Leghorn.
/təˈwɔːrdz ðə ˈmɪdəl ʌv ˈfebjəweri ðə ˈɡædflaɪ went tuː ˈleɡhɔːrn/
Line 2
Gemma had introduced him to a young Englishman there, a shipping-agent of liberal views, whom she and her husband had known in England.
Line 3
He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.
Line 4
She was, therefore, according to party etiquette, free to make use of the connexion in any way that might seem good to her.
/ʃiː wɑːz ˈðerfɔːr əˈkɔːrdɪŋ tuː ˈpɑːrti ˈetəkət friː tuː meɪk juːs ʌv ðə kəˈnekʃən ɪn ˈeni weɪ ðæt maɪt siːm ɡʊd tuː hɜːr/
Line 5
Whether any use could be got out of it was quite another question.
/ˈweðər ˈeni juːs kʊd biː ɡɑːt aʊt ʌv ɪt wɑːz kwaɪt əˈnʌðər ˈkwestʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

connexion noun US /kəˈnekʃən/

a connecting shape

From this reading “She was, therefore, according to party etiquette, free to make use of the connexion in any way that might seem good to her.”

Florentine adjective US /ˈflɔːrəntiːn/

of or relating to or characteristic of the city of Florence, Italy

From this reading “He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.”

Gadfly noun US /ˈɡædflaɪ/

a persistently annoying person

From this reading “TOWARDS the middle of February the Gadfly went to Leghorn.”

Gemma noun US /ˈdʒemə/

small asexual reproductive structure in e.g. liverworts and mosses that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual

From this reading “Gemma had introduced him to a young Englishman there, a shipping-agent of liberal views, whom she and her husband had known in England.”

Leghorn noun US /ˈleɡhɔːrn/

a stiff hat made of straw with a flat crown

From this reading “TOWARDS the middle of February the Gadfly went to Leghorn.”

party's noun US /ˈpɑːrtiz/

possessive form of “party” — an organization to gain political power

From this reading “He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.”

radicals noun US /ˈrædəkəlz/

plural of “radical” — (chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule

From this reading “He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.”

unforeseen adjective US /ˌʌnfɔːrˈsiːn/

not anticipated

From this reading “He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.”

All words in this reading · 85

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Gemma had introduced him to a young Englishman there, a shipping-agent of liberal views, whom she and her husband had known in England.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading She was, therefore, according to party etiquette, free to make use of the connexion in any way that might seem good to her.

addressverbUS /ˈædres/

speak to

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Gemma had introduced him to a young Englishman there, a shipping-agent of liberal views, whom she and her husband had known in England.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Whether any use could be got out of it was quite another question.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading She was, therefore, according to party etiquette, free to make use of the connexion in any way that might seem good to her.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

connexionnounUS /kəˈnekʃən/

a connecting shape

From this reading She was, therefore, according to party etiquette, free to make use of the connexion in any way that might seem good to her.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Whether any use could be got out of it was quite another question.

emergencynounUS /ɪˈmɜːrdʒənsi/

a sudden unforeseen crisis (usually involving danger) that requires immediate action

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Gemma had introduced him to a young Englishman there, a shipping-agent of liberal views, whom she and her husband had known in England.

EnglishmannounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃmən/

a man who is a native or inhabitant of England

From this reading Gemma had introduced him to a young Englishman there, a shipping-agent of liberal views, whom she and her husband had known in England.

etc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

etiquettenounUS /ˈetəkət/

rules governing socially acceptable behavior

From this reading She was, therefore, according to party etiquette, free to make use of the connexion in any way that might seem good to her.

FebruarynounUS /ˈfebjəweri/

the month following January and preceding March

From this reading TOWARDS the middle of February the Gadfly went to Leghorn.

FlorentineadjectiveUS /ˈflɔːrəntiːn/

of or relating to or characteristic of the city of Florence, Italy

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading She was, therefore, according to party etiquette, free to make use of the connexion in any way that might seem good to her.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

GadflynounUS /ˈɡædflaɪ/

a persistently annoying person

From this reading TOWARDS the middle of February the Gadfly went to Leghorn.

GemmanounUS /ˈdʒemə/

small asexual reproductive structure in e.g. liverworts and mosses that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual

From this reading Gemma had introduced him to a young Englishman there, a shipping-agent of liberal views, whom she and her husband had known in England.

Gemma's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading She was, therefore, according to party etiquette, free to make use of the connexion in any way that might seem good to her.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Whether any use could be got out of it was quite another question.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Gemma had introduced him to a young Englishman there, a shipping-agent of liberal views, whom she and her husband had known in England.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Gemma had introduced him to a young Englishman there, a shipping-agent of liberal views, whom she and her husband had known in England.

herspronounUS /hərz/

the one or ones belonging to her

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Gemma had introduced him to a young Englishman there, a shipping-agent of liberal views, whom she and her husband had known in England.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

husbandnounUS /ˈhʌzbənd/

a married man; a woman's partner in marriage

From this reading Gemma had introduced him to a young Englishman there, a shipping-agent of liberal views, whom she and her husband had known in England.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Gemma had introduced him to a young Englishman there, a shipping-agent of liberal views, whom she and her husband had known in England.

introducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading Gemma had introduced him to a young Englishman there, a shipping-agent of liberal views, whom she and her husband had known in England.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Whether any use could be got out of it was quite another question.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Gemma had introduced him to a young Englishman there, a shipping-agent of liberal views, whom she and her husband had known in England.

LeghornnounUS /ˈleɡhɔːrn/

a stiff hat made of straw with a flat crown

From this reading TOWARDS the middle of February the Gadfly went to Leghorn.

lentnounUS /lent/

a period of 40 weekdays from Ash Wednesday to Holy Saturday

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

liberaladjectiveUS /ˈlɪbɜːrəl/

showing or characterized by broad-mindedness

From this reading Gemma had introduced him to a young Englishman there, a shipping-agent of liberal views, whom she and her husband had known in England.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading She was, therefore, according to party etiquette, free to make use of the connexion in any way that might seem good to her.

mediumship

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading TOWARDS the middle of February the Gadfly went to Leghorn.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading She was, therefore, according to party etiquette, free to make use of the connexion in any way that might seem good to her.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

occasionsnounUS /əˈkeɪʒənz/

something you have to do

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading TOWARDS the middle of February the Gadfly went to Leghorn.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Whether any use could be got out of it was quite another question.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading She was, therefore, according to party etiquette, free to make use of the connexion in any way that might seem good to her.

party'snounUS /ˈpɑːrtiz/

possessive form of “party” — an organization to gain political power

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

performedverbUS /pərˈfɔːrmd/

past form of “perform” — carry out or perform an action

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading Whether any use could be got out of it was quite another question.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading Whether any use could be got out of it was quite another question.

radicalsnounUS /ˈrædəkəlz/

plural of “radical” — (chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading She was, therefore, according to party etiquette, free to make use of the connexion in any way that might seem good to her.

servicesnounUS /ˈsɜːrvəsəz/

performance of duties or provision of space and equipment helpful to others

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Gemma had introduced him to a young Englishman there, a shipping-agent of liberal views, whom she and her husband had known in England.

shipping-agent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gemma had introduced him to a young Englishman there, a shipping-agent of liberal views, whom she and her husband had known in England.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading She was, therefore, according to party etiquette, free to make use of the connexion in any way that might seem good to her.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading TOWARDS the middle of February the Gadfly went to Leghorn.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Gemma had introduced him to a young Englishman there, a shipping-agent of liberal views, whom she and her husband had known in England.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading She was, therefore, according to party etiquette, free to make use of the connexion in any way that might seem good to her.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading TOWARDS the middle of February the Gadfly went to Leghorn.

TOWARDSprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading TOWARDS the middle of February the Gadfly went to Leghorn.

unforeseenadjectiveUS /ˌʌnfɔːrˈsiːn/

not anticipated

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading She was, therefore, according to party etiquette, free to make use of the connexion in any way that might seem good to her.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading He had on several occasions performed little services for the Florentine radicals: had lent money to meet an unforeseen emergency, had allowed his business address to be used for the party's letters, etc.; but always through Gemma's mediumship, and as a private friend of hers.

viewsnounUS /vjuːz/

plural of “view” — a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading Gemma had introduced him to a young Englishman there, a shipping-agent of liberal views, whom she and her husband had known in England.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading She was, therefore, according to party etiquette, free to make use of the connexion in any way that might seem good to her.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading She was, therefore, according to party etiquette, free to make use of the connexion in any way that might seem good to her.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading TOWARDS the middle of February the Gadfly went to Leghorn.

WhetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Whether any use could be got out of it was quite another question.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Gemma had introduced him to a young Englishman there, a shipping-agent of liberal views, whom she and her husband had known in England.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Gemma had introduced him to a young Englishman there, a shipping-agent of liberal views, whom she and her husband had known in England.

Chapter 17 of The Gadfly by E. L. (Ethel Lillian) Voynich holds 226 sentences, grouped into 46 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of The Gadfly contain?

Chapter 17 holds 226 sentences of The Gadfly, unabridged, divided into 46 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of The Gadfly by E. L. (Ethel Lillian) Voynich exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 226 sentences, grouped into 46 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of The Gadfly?

Work through the 46 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 46 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Gadfly

Common questions about reading The Gadfly by E. L. (Ethel Lillian) Voynich on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Gadfly?

Yes. All 6695 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3431 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Gadfly is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3431, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Gadfly take to read?

About 557 minutes of reading across 1339 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Gadfly section by section

How to work through The Gadfly section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of The Gadfly to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Gadfly

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Gadfly, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Arthur
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Library
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Theological
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Seminary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.