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The Gadfly
The Gadfly

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of The Gadfly is here in full — 196 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
AND I once more most earnestly assure Your Eminence that your refusal is endangering the peace of the town.”
The Governor tried to preserve the respectful tone due to a high dignitary of the Church; but there was audible irritation in his voice.
His liver was out of order, his wife was running up heavy bills, and his temper had been sorely tried during the last three weeks.
A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.
Now he was saddled with the Gadfly, an animated quintessence of the spirit of mischief.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Gadfly

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of The Gadfly is here in full — 196 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AND I once more most earnestly assure Your Eminence that your refusal is endangering the peace of the town.”
/ənd aɪ wʌns mɔːr moʊst ˈɜːrnəstli əˈʃʊr jɔːr ˈemənəns ðæt jɔːr rəˈfjuːzəl ɪz enˈdeɪndʒərɪŋ ðə piːs ʌv ðə taʊn/
Line 2
The Governor tried to preserve the respectful tone due to a high dignitary of the Church; but there was audible irritation in his voice.
/ðə ˈɡʌvərnər traɪd tuː prəˈzɜːrv ðə rɪˈspektfəl toʊn duː tuː ə haɪ ˈdɪɡnəteri ʌv ðə tʃɜːrtʃ bʌt ðer wɑːz ˈɑːdəbəl ˌɪrɪˈteɪʃən ɪn hɪz vɔɪs/
Line 3
His liver was out of order, his wife was running up heavy bills, and his temper had been sorely tried during the last three weeks.
/hɪz ˈlɪvər wɑːz aʊt ʌv ˈɔːrdər hɪz waɪf wɑːz ˈrʌnɪŋ ʌp ˈhevi bɪlz ənd hɪz ˈtempər hæd bɪn ˈsɔːrli traɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə læst θriː wiːks/
Line 4
A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as theincarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.
Line 5
Now he was saddled with the Gadfly, an animated quintessence of the spirit of mischief.
/naʊ hiː wɑːz ˈsædəld wɪð ðə ˈɡædflaɪ æn ˈænəmeɪtɪd kwɪnˈtesəns ʌv ðə ˈspɪrət ʌv ˈmɪstʃəf/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adjutant noun US /ˈædʒətənt/

an officer who acts as military assistant to a more senior officer

From this reading “A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.”

dignitary noun US /ˈdɪɡnəteri/

an important or influential (and often overbearing) person

From this reading “The Governor tried to preserve the respectful tone due to a high dignitary of the Church; but there was audible irritation in his voice.”

disaffected adjective US /ˌdɪsəˈfektɪd/

discontented as toward authority

From this reading “A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.”

endangering verb US /enˈdeɪndʒərɪŋ/

-ing form of “endanger” — pose a threat to; present a danger to

From this reading ““AND I once more most earnestly assure Your Eminence that your refusal is endangering the peace of the town.””

Gadfly noun US /ˈɡædflaɪ/

a persistently annoying person

From this reading “Now he was saddled with the Gadfly, an animated quintessence of the spirit of mischief.”

incarnation noun US /ˌɪnˈkɑːrˈneɪʃən/

a new personification of a familiar idea

From this reading “A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.”

inefficient adjective US /ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt/

not producing desired results; wasteful

From this reading “A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.”

quintessence noun US /kwɪnˈtesəns/

the fifth and highest element after air and earth and fire and water; was believed to be the substance composing all heavenly bodies

From this reading “Now he was saddled with the Gadfly, an animated quintessence of the spirit of mischief.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Governor tried to preserve the respectful tone due to a high dignitary of the Church; but there was audible irritation in his voice.

adjutantnounUS /ˈædʒətənt/

an officer who acts as military assistant to a more senior officer

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “AND I once more most earnestly assure Your Eminence that your refusal is endangering the peace of the town.”

animatedadjectiveUS /ˈænəmeɪtɪd/

having life or vigor or spirit

From this reading Now he was saddled with the Gadfly, an animated quintessence of the spirit of mischief.

apparentadjectiveUS /əˈperənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

assureverbUS /əˈʃʊr/

make certain of

From this reading “AND I once more most earnestly assure Your Eminence that your refusal is endangering the peace of the town.”

audibleadjectiveUS /ˈɑːdəbəl/

heard or perceptible by the ear

From this reading The Governor tried to preserve the respectful tone due to a high dignitary of the Church; but there was audible irritation in his voice.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading His liver was out of order, his wife was running up heavy bills, and his temper had been sorely tried during the last three weeks.

billsnounUS /bɪlz/

plural of “bill” — a statute in draft before it becomes law

From this reading His liver was out of order, his wife was running up heavy bills, and his temper had been sorely tried during the last three weeks.

bristlingverbUS /ˈbrɪsəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “bristle” — be in a state of movement or action

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The Governor tried to preserve the respectful tone due to a high dignitary of the Church; but there was audible irritation in his voice.

CardinalnounUS /ˈkɑːrdənəl/

(Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

ChurchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading The Governor tried to preserve the respectful tone due to a high dignitary of the Church; but there was audible irritation in his voice.

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

dangerousadjectiveUS /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/

involving or causing danger or risk; liable to hurt or harm

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

desperationnounUS /ˌdespərˈeɪʃən/

a state in which all hope is lost or absent

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

dignitarynounUS /ˈdɪɡnəteri/

an important or influential (and often overbearing) person

From this reading The Governor tried to preserve the respectful tone due to a high dignitary of the Church; but there was audible irritation in his voice.

disaffectedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪsəˈfektɪd/

discontented as toward authority

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

districtnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

doubtfuladjectiveUS /ˈdaʊtfəl/

open to doubt or suspicion

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

dueadjectiveUS /duː/

owed and payable immediately or on demand

From this reading The Governor tried to preserve the respectful tone due to a high dignitary of the Church; but there was audible irritation in his voice.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading His liver was out of order, his wife was running up heavy bills, and his temper had been sorely tried during the last three weeks.

earnestlyadverbUS /ˈɜːrnəstli/

in a serious manner

From this reading “AND I once more most earnestly assure Your Eminence that your refusal is endangering the peace of the town.”

EminencenounUS /ˈemənəns/

high status importance owing to marked superiority

From this reading “AND I once more most earnestly assure Your Eminence that your refusal is endangering the peace of the town.”

endangeringverbUS /enˈdeɪndʒərɪŋ/

-ing form of “endanger” — pose a threat to; present a danger to

From this reading “AND I once more most earnestly assure Your Eminence that your refusal is endangering the peace of the town.”

GadflynounUS /ˈɡædflaɪ/

a persistently annoying person

From this reading Now he was saddled with the Gadfly, an animated quintessence of the spirit of mischief.

garrisonnounUS /ˈɡærɪsən/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

GovernornounUS /ˈɡʌvərnər/

the head of a state government

From this reading The Governor tried to preserve the respectful tone due to a high dignitary of the Church; but there was audible irritation in his voice.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading His liver was out of order, his wife was running up heavy bills, and his temper had been sorely tried during the last three weeks.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading His liver was out of order, his wife was running up heavy bills, and his temper had been sorely tried during the last three weeks.

hiddenadjectiveUS /ˈhɪdən/

not accessible to view

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The Governor tried to preserve the respectful tone due to a high dignitary of the Church; but there was audible irritation in his voice.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The Governor tried to preserve the respectful tone due to a high dignitary of the Church; but there was audible irritation in his voice.

honeycombedadjective

pitted with cell-like cavities (as a honeycomb)

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “AND I once more most earnestly assure Your Eminence that your refusal is endangering the peace of the town.”

immaculateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmækjuːlɪt/

completely neat and clean

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Governor tried to preserve the respectful tone due to a high dignitary of the Church; but there was audible irritation in his voice.

incarnationnounUS /ˌɪnˈkɑːrˈneɪʃən/

a new personification of a familiar idea

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

inefficientadjectiveUS /ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt/

not producing desired results; wasteful

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

irritationnounUS /ˌɪrɪˈteɪʃən/

the psychological state of being irritated or annoyed

From this reading The Governor tried to preserve the respectful tone due to a high dignitary of the Church; but there was audible irritation in his voice.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “AND I once more most earnestly assure Your Eminence that your refusal is endangering the peace of the town.”

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading His liver was out of order, his wife was running up heavy bills, and his temper had been sorely tried during the last three weeks.

livernounUS /ˈlɪvər/

large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity

From this reading His liver was out of order, his wife was running up heavy bills, and his temper had been sorely tried during the last three weeks.

loyaltynounUS /ˈlɔɪəlti/

the quality of being loyal

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

mischiefnounUS /ˈmɪstʃəf/

reckless or malicious behavior that causes discomfort or annoyance in others

From this reading Now he was saddled with the Gadfly, an animated quintessence of the spirit of mischief.

moodnounUS /muːd/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading “AND I once more most earnestly assure Your Eminence that your refusal is endangering the peace of the town.”

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading “AND I once more most earnestly assure Your Eminence that your refusal is endangering the peace of the town.”

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now he was saddled with the Gadfly, an animated quintessence of the spirit of mischief.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “AND I once more most earnestly assure Your Eminence that your refusal is endangering the peace of the town.”

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading “AND I once more most earnestly assure Your Eminence that your refusal is endangering the peace of the town.”

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading His liver was out of order, his wife was running up heavy bills, and his temper had been sorely tried during the last three weeks.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading His liver was out of order, his wife was running up heavy bills, and his temper had been sorely tried during the last three weeks.

patheticallyadverbUS /pəˈθetɪkəli/

in a manner arousing sympathy and compassion

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading “AND I once more most earnestly assure Your Eminence that your refusal is endangering the peace of the town.”

pig-headedness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

plotsnounUS /plɑːts/

plural of “plot” — a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal)

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

populacenounUS /ˈpɑːpjələs/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

preserveverbUS /prəˈzɜːrv/

keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last

From this reading The Governor tried to preserve the respectful tone due to a high dignitary of the Church; but there was audible irritation in his voice.

quintessencenounUS /kwɪnˈtesəns/

the fifth and highest element after air and earth and fire and water; was believed to be the substance composing all heavenly bodies

From this reading Now he was saddled with the Gadfly, an animated quintessence of the spirit of mischief.

reducedadjectiveUS /rəˈduːst/

made less in size or amount or degree

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

refusalnounUS /rəˈfjuːzəl/

the act of refusing

From this reading “AND I once more most earnestly assure Your Eminence that your refusal is endangering the peace of the town.”

respectfuladjectiveUS /rɪˈspektfəl/

full of or exhibiting respect

From this reading The Governor tried to preserve the respectful tone due to a high dignitary of the Church; but there was audible irritation in his voice.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading His liver was out of order, his wife was running up heavy bills, and his temper had been sorely tried during the last three weeks.

saddledadjectiveUS /ˈsædəld/

having a saddle on or being mounted on a saddled animal

From this reading Now he was saddled with the Gadfly, an animated quintessence of the spirit of mischief.

sorelyadverbUS /ˈsɔːrli/

to a great degree

From this reading His liver was out of order, his wife was running up heavy bills, and his temper had been sorely tried during the last three weeks.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading Now he was saddled with the Gadfly, an animated quintessence of the spirit of mischief.

sullenadjectiveUS /ˈsʌlən/

showing a brooding ill humor

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

tempernounUS /ˈtempər/

a sudden outburst of anger

From this reading His liver was out of order, his wife was running up heavy bills, and his temper had been sorely tried during the last three weeks.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “AND I once more most earnestly assure Your Eminence that your refusal is endangering the peace of the town.”

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “AND I once more most earnestly assure Your Eminence that your refusal is endangering the peace of the town.”

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The Governor tried to preserve the respectful tone due to a high dignitary of the Church; but there was audible irritation in his voice.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading His liver was out of order, his wife was running up heavy bills, and his temper had been sorely tried during the last three weeks.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Governor tried to preserve the respectful tone due to a high dignitary of the Church; but there was audible irritation in his voice.

tonenounUS /toʊn/

the quality of a person's voice

From this reading The Governor tried to preserve the respectful tone due to a high dignitary of the Church; but there was audible irritation in his voice.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading “AND I once more most earnestly assure Your Eminence that your refusal is endangering the peace of the town.”

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading The Governor tried to preserve the respectful tone due to a high dignitary of the Church; but there was audible irritation in his voice.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading His liver was out of order, his wife was running up heavy bills, and his temper had been sorely tried during the last three weeks.

vergenounUS /vɜːrdʒ/

a region marking a boundary

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading The Governor tried to preserve the respectful tone due to a high dignitary of the Church; but there was audible irritation in his voice.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Governor tried to preserve the respectful tone due to a high dignitary of the Church; but there was audible irritation in his voice.

weaponsnounUS /ˈwepənz/

plural of “weapon” — any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

weeksnounUS /wiːks/

plural of “week” — any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading His liver was out of order, his wife was running up heavy bills, and his temper had been sorely tried during the last three weeks.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading His liver was out of order, his wife was running up heavy bills, and his temper had been sorely tried during the last three weeks.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A sullen, disaffected populace, whose dangerous mood grew daily more apparent; a district honeycombed with plots and bristling with hidden weapons; an inefficient garrison, of whose loyalty he was more than doubtful, and a Cardinal whom he had pathetically described to his adjutant as the “incarnation of immaculate pig-headedness,” had already reduced him to the verge of desperation.

YourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “AND I once more most earnestly assure Your Eminence that your refusal is endangering the peace of the town.”

Chapter 21 of The Gadfly by E. L. (Ethel Lillian) Voynich holds 196 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of The Gadfly contain?

Chapter 21 holds 196 sentences of The Gadfly, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of The Gadfly by E. L. (Ethel Lillian) Voynich exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 196 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of The Gadfly?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Gadfly

Common questions about reading The Gadfly by E. L. (Ethel Lillian) Voynich on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Gadfly?

Yes. All 6695 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3431 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Gadfly is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3431, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Gadfly take to read?

About 557 minutes of reading across 1339 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Gadfly section by section

How to work through The Gadfly section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of The Gadfly to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Gadfly

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Gadfly, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Arthur
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Library
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Theological
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Seminary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.