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The Gadfly
The Gadfly

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of The Gadfly is here in full — 150 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FOR a week the Gadfly lay in a fearful state.
The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.
He endured everything with his dogged, bitter stoicism till the end of the sixth day.
Then his pride broke down, and he piteously entreated the prison doctor for a dose of opium.
The doctor was quite willing to give it; but the Governor, hearing of the request, sharply forbade any such foolery.”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Gadfly

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of The Gadfly is here in full — 150 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FOR a week the Gadfly lay in a fearful state.
/fɔːr ə wiːk ðə ˈɡædflaɪ leɪ ɪn ə ˈfɪrfəl steɪt/
Line 2
The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.
/ðə əˈtæk wɑːz ə ˈvaɪələnt wʌn ənd ðə ˈɡʌvərnər ˈrendərd ˈbruːtəl baɪ fɪr ənd pərˈpleksəti hæd nɑːt ˈoʊnli tʃeɪnd hɪm hænd ənd fʊt bʌt hæd ˌɪnˈsɪstəd ɑːn hɪz ˈbiːɪŋ baʊnd tuː hɪz ˈpælət wɪð ˈleðər stræps drɔːn soʊ taɪt ðæt hiː kʊd nɑːt muːv wɪˈθaʊt ðer ˈkʌtɪŋ ˈɪntuː ðə fleʃ/
Line 3
He endured everything with his dogged, bitter stoicism till the end of the sixth day.
/hiː enˈdjʊrd ˈevriθɪŋ wɪð hɪz dɔːɡd ˈbɪtər ˈstoʊ.ɪ.sɪ.zəm tɪl ðə end ʌv ðə sɪksθ deɪ/
Line 4
Then his pride broke down, and he piteously entreated the prison doctor for a dose of opium.
Line 5
The doctor was quite willing to give it; but the Governor, hearing of the request, sharply forbadeany such foolery.”
/ðə ˈdɑːktər wɑːz kwaɪt ˈwɪlɪŋ tuː ɡɪv ɪt bʌt ðə ˈɡʌvərnər ˈhiːrɪŋ ʌv ðə rɪˈkwest ˈʃɑːrpli fərˈbeɪd ˈeni sʌtʃ ˈfuːləri/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dogged adjective US /dɔːɡd/

stubbornly unyielding

From this reading “He endured everything with his dogged, bitter stoicism till the end of the sixth day.”

dose noun US /doʊs/

a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time

From this reading “Then his pride broke down, and he piteously entreated the prison doctor for a dose of opium.”

foolery noun US /ˈfuːləri/

foolish or senseless behavior

From this reading “The doctor was quite willing to give it; but the Governor, hearing of the request, sharply forbade “any such foolery.””

Gadfly noun US /ˈɡædflaɪ/

a persistently annoying person

From this reading “FOR a week the Gadfly lay in a fearful state.”

opium noun US /ˈoʊpiəm/

an addictive narcotic extracted from seed capsules of the opium poppy

From this reading “Then his pride broke down, and he piteously entreated the prison doctor for a dose of opium.”

pallet noun US /ˈpælət/

the range of colour characteristic of a particular artist or painting or school of art

From this reading “The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.”

stoicism noun US /ˈstoʊ.ɪ.sɪ.zəm/

An ancient Greek and Roman philosophy holding that virtue is the only true good, and that emotional self-control leads to inner serenity.

From this reading “He endured everything with his dogged, bitter stoicism till the end of the sixth day.”

straps noun US /stræps/

plural of “strap” — an elongated leather strip (or a strip of similar material) for binding things together or holding something in position

From this reading “The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading FOR a week the Gadfly lay in a fearful state.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The doctor was quite willing to give it; but the Governor, hearing of the request, sharply forbade “any such foolery.”

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading He endured everything with his dogged, bitter stoicism till the end of the sixth day.

boundadjectiveUS /baʊnd/

confined by bonds

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

brokeadjectiveUS /broʊk/

lacking funds

From this reading Then his pride broke down, and he piteously entreated the prison doctor for a dose of opium.

brutaladjectiveUS /ˈbruːtəl/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

chainedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪnd/

bound with chains

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

cuttingnounUS /ˈkʌtɪŋ/

the activity of selecting the scenes to be shown and putting them together to create a film

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading He endured everything with his dogged, bitter stoicism till the end of the sixth day.

doctornounUS /ˈdɑːktər/

a licensed medical practitioner

From this reading Then his pride broke down, and he piteously entreated the prison doctor for a dose of opium.

doggedadjectiveUS /dɔːɡd/

stubbornly unyielding

From this reading He endured everything with his dogged, bitter stoicism till the end of the sixth day.

dosenounUS /doʊs/

a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time

From this reading Then his pride broke down, and he piteously entreated the prison doctor for a dose of opium.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Then his pride broke down, and he piteously entreated the prison doctor for a dose of opium.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading He endured everything with his dogged, bitter stoicism till the end of the sixth day.

enduredverbUS /enˈdjʊrd/

past form of “endure” — put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading He endured everything with his dogged, bitter stoicism till the end of the sixth day.

entreated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then his pride broke down, and he piteously entreated the prison doctor for a dose of opium.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading He endured everything with his dogged, bitter stoicism till the end of the sixth day.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

fearfuladjectiveUS /ˈfɪrfəl/

experiencing or showing fear

From this reading FOR a week the Gadfly lay in a fearful state.

fleshnounUS /fleʃ/

the soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate: mainly muscle tissue and fat

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

foolerynounUS /ˈfuːləri/

foolish or senseless behavior

From this reading The doctor was quite willing to give it; but the Governor, hearing of the request, sharply forbade “any such foolery.”

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

FORprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading FOR a week the Gadfly lay in a fearful state.

forbadeverbUS /fərˈbeɪd/

inflected form of “forbid” — command against

From this reading The doctor was quite willing to give it; but the Governor, hearing of the request, sharply forbade “any such foolery.”

GadflynounUS /ˈɡædflaɪ/

a persistently annoying person

From this reading FOR a week the Gadfly lay in a fearful state.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The doctor was quite willing to give it; but the Governor, hearing of the request, sharply forbade “any such foolery.”

GovernornounUS /ˈɡʌvərnər/

the head of a state government

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

hearingnounUS /ˈhiːrɪŋ/

(law) a proceeding (usually by a court) where evidence is taken for the purpose of determining an issue of fact and reaching a decision based on that evidence

From this reading The doctor was quite willing to give it; but the Governor, hearing of the request, sharply forbade “any such foolery.”

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading FOR a week the Gadfly lay in a fearful state.

insistedverbUS /ˌɪnˈsɪstəd/

past form of “insist” — be emphatic or resolute and refuse to budge

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The doctor was quite willing to give it; but the Governor, hearing of the request, sharply forbade “any such foolery.”

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading FOR a week the Gadfly lay in a fearful state.

leathernounUS /ˈleðər/

an animal skin made smooth and flexible by removing the hair and then tanning

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

moveverbUS /muːv/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He endured everything with his dogged, bitter stoicism till the end of the sixth day.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

opiumnounUS /ˈoʊpiəm/

an addictive narcotic extracted from seed capsules of the opium poppy

From this reading Then his pride broke down, and he piteously entreated the prison doctor for a dose of opium.

palletnounUS /ˈpælət/

the range of colour characteristic of a particular artist or painting or school of art

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

perplexitynounUS /pərˈpleksəti/

trouble or confusion resulting from complexity

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

piteouslyadverb

in a piteous manner

From this reading Then his pride broke down, and he piteously entreated the prison doctor for a dose of opium.

pridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading Then his pride broke down, and he piteously entreated the prison doctor for a dose of opium.

prisonnounUS /ˈprɪzən/

a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

From this reading Then his pride broke down, and he piteously entreated the prison doctor for a dose of opium.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading The doctor was quite willing to give it; but the Governor, hearing of the request, sharply forbade “any such foolery.”

renderedverbUS /ˈrendərd/

past form of “render” — cause to become

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

requestverbUS /rɪˈkwest/

express the need or desire for

From this reading The doctor was quite willing to give it; but the Governor, hearing of the request, sharply forbade “any such foolery.”

sharplyadverbUS /ˈʃɑːrpli/

in an aggressive manner

From this reading The doctor was quite willing to give it; but the Governor, hearing of the request, sharply forbade “any such foolery.”

sixthadjectiveUS /sɪksθ/

coming next after the fifth and just before the seventh in position

From this reading He endured everything with his dogged, bitter stoicism till the end of the sixth day.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading FOR a week the Gadfly lay in a fearful state.

stoicismnounUS /ˈstoʊ.ɪ.sɪ.zəm/

An ancient Greek and Roman philosophy holding that virtue is the only true good, and that emotional self-control leads to inner serenity.

From this reading He endured everything with his dogged, bitter stoicism till the end of the sixth day.

strapsnounUS /stræps/

plural of “strap” — an elongated leather strip (or a strip of similar material) for binding things together or holding something in position

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The doctor was quite willing to give it; but the Governor, hearing of the request, sharply forbade “any such foolery.”

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading FOR a week the Gadfly lay in a fearful state.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then his pride broke down, and he piteously entreated the prison doctor for a dose of opium.

tightadjectiveUS /taɪt/

closely constrained or constricted or constricting

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading He endured everything with his dogged, bitter stoicism till the end of the sixth day.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

violentadjectiveUS /ˈvaɪələnt/

acting with or marked by or resulting from great force or energy or emotional intensity

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading FOR a week the Gadfly lay in a fearful state.

willingadjectiveUS /ˈwɪlɪŋ/

disposed or inclined toward

From this reading The doctor was quite willing to give it; but the Governor, hearing of the request, sharply forbade “any such foolery.”

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The attack was a violent one, and the Governor, rendered brutal by fear and perplexity, had not only chained him hand and foot, but had insisted on his being bound to his pallet with leather straps, drawn so tight that he could not move without their cutting into the flesh.

Chapter 23 of The Gadfly by E. L. (Ethel Lillian) Voynich holds 150 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of The Gadfly contain?

Chapter 23 holds 150 sentences of The Gadfly, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of The Gadfly by E. L. (Ethel Lillian) Voynich exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 150 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of The Gadfly?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Gadfly

Common questions about reading The Gadfly by E. L. (Ethel Lillian) Voynich on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Gadfly?

Yes. All 6695 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3431 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Gadfly is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3431, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Gadfly take to read?

About 557 minutes of reading across 1339 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Gadfly section by section

How to work through The Gadfly section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of The Gadfly to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Gadfly

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Gadfly, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Arthur
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Library
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Theological
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Seminary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gadfly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.