Chapter II

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After all, what is the language of Ramsay, but the common speech of Yorkshire during the last century?[40] [Footnote 40: See "A Yorkshire Dialogue in its pure natural dialect;" printed at York, 1684.]

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After all, what is the language of Ramsay, but the common speech of Yorkshire during the last century?[40] [Footnote 40: See "A Yorkshire Dialogue in its pure natural dialect;" printed at York, 1684.]

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

later than; following

From this reading After all, what is the language of Ramsay, but the common speech of Yorkshire during the last century?[40] [Footnote 40: See "A Yorkshire Dialogue in its pure natural dialect;" printed at York, 1684.]

in the past

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading After all, what is the language of Ramsay, but the common speech of Yorkshire during the last century?[40] [Footnote 40: See "A Yorkshire Dialogue in its pure natural dialect;" printed at York, 1684.]

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

the act of bringing something to bear; using it for a particular purpose

From this reading But, with perfect propriety, he gave them the language which belonged to them; and if the sentiments of the speakers be not reproachable with unnecessary vulgarity, we cannot with justice associate vulgarism with a dialect, which in itself is proper, and in its application is characteristic.

make a logical or causal connection

From this reading But, with perfect propriety, he gave them the language which belonged to them; and if the sentiments of the speakers be not reproachable with unnecessary vulgarity, we cannot with justice associate vulgarism with a dialect, which in itself is proper, and in its application is characteristic.

past form of “associate” — make a logical or causal connection

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

the past participle of “be”

From this reading If _Ramsay_ had made the shepherds of the Lowlands of Scotland, in the middle of the seventeenth century, speak correct English, how preposterous would have been such a composition!

past form of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading But, with perfect propriety, he gave them the language which belonged to them; and if the sentiments of the speakers be not reproachable with unnecessary vulgarity, we cannot with justice associate vulgarism with a dialect, which in itself is proper, and in its application is characteristic.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

a period of 100 years

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading But, with perfect propriety, he gave them the language which belonged to them; and if the sentiments of the speakers be not reproachable with unnecessary vulgarity, we cannot with justice associate vulgarism with a dialect, which in itself is proper, and in its application is characteristic.

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading After all, what is the language of Ramsay, but the common speech of Yorkshire during the last century?[40] [Footnote 40: See "A Yorkshire Dialogue in its pure natural dialect;" printed at York, 1684.]

the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole

From this reading If _Ramsay_ had made the shepherds of the Lowlands of Scotland, in the middle of the seventeenth century, speak correct English, how preposterous would have been such a composition!

plural of “consideration” — the process of giving careful thought to something

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

make right or correct

From this reading If _Ramsay_ had made the shepherds of the Lowlands of Scotland, in the middle of the seventeenth century, speak correct English, how preposterous would have been such a composition!

plural of “critic” — a person who is professionally engaged in the analysis and interpretation of works of art

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

a conversation between two persons

From this reading After all, what is the language of Ramsay, but the common speech of Yorkshire during the last century?[40] [Footnote 40: See "A Yorkshire Dialogue in its pure natural dialect;" printed at York, 1684.]

plural of “disgust” — strong feelings of dislike

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading After all, what is the language of Ramsay, but the common speech of Yorkshire during the last century?[40] [Footnote 40: See "A Yorkshire Dialogue in its pure natural dialect;" printed at York, 1684.]

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading If _Ramsay_ had made the shepherds of the Lowlands of Scotland, in the middle of the seventeenth century, speak correct English, how preposterous would have been such a composition!

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

divisible by two

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

a printed note placed below the text on a printed page

From this reading After all, what is the language of Ramsay, but the common speech of Yorkshire during the last century?[40] [Footnote 40: See "A Yorkshire Dialogue in its pure natural dialect;" printed at York, 1684.]

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading But, with perfect propriety, he gave them the language which belonged to them; and if the sentiments of the speakers be not reproachable with unnecessary vulgarity, we cannot with justice associate vulgarism with a dialect, which in itself is proper, and in its application is characteristic.

usually; as a rule

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading If _Ramsay_ had made the shepherds of the Lowlands of Scotland, in the middle of the seventeenth century, speak correct English, how preposterous would have been such a composition!

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading If _Ramsay_ had made the shepherds of the Lowlands of Scotland, in the middle of the seventeenth century, speak correct English, how preposterous would have been such a composition!

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But, with perfect propriety, he gave them the language which belonged to them; and if the sentiments of the speakers be not reproachable with unnecessary vulgarity, we cannot with justice associate vulgarism with a dialect, which in itself is proper, and in its application is characteristic.

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If _Ramsay_ had made the shepherds of the Lowlands of Scotland, in the middle of the seventeenth century, speak correct English, how preposterous would have been such a composition!

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

past form of “imitate” — reproduce someone's behavior or looks

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading But, with perfect propriety, he gave them the language which belonged to them; and if the sentiments of the speakers be not reproachable with unnecessary vulgarity, we cannot with justice associate vulgarism with a dialect, which in itself is proper, and in its application is characteristic.

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading But, with perfect propriety, he gave them the language which belonged to them; and if the sentiments of the speakers be not reproachable with unnecessary vulgarity, we cannot with justice associate vulgarism with a dialect, which in itself is proper, and in its application is characteristic.

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

immediately past

From this reading After all, what is the language of Ramsay, but the common speech of Yorkshire during the last century?[40] [Footnote 40: See "A Yorkshire Dialogue in its pure natural dialect;" printed at York, 1684.]

lowest in rank or importance

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

the southern part of Scotland that is not mountainous

From this reading If _Ramsay_ had made the shepherds of the Lowlands of Scotland, in the middle of the seventeenth century, speak correct English, how preposterous would have been such a composition!

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading If _Ramsay_ had made the shepherds of the Lowlands of Scotland, in the middle of the seventeenth century, speak correct English, how preposterous would have been such a composition!

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

plural of “mouth” — the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading After all, what is the language of Ramsay, but the common speech of Yorkshire during the last century?[40] [Footnote 40: See "A Yorkshire Dialogue in its pure natural dialect;" printed at York, 1684.]

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But, with perfect propriety, he gave them the language which belonged to them; and if the sentiments of the speakers be not reproachable with unnecessary vulgarity, we cannot with justice associate vulgarism with a dialect, which in itself is proper, and in its application is characteristic.

the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

and nothing more

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading But, with perfect propriety, he gave them the language which belonged to them; and if the sentiments of the speakers be not reproachable with unnecessary vulgarity, we cannot with justice associate vulgarism with a dialect, which in itself is proper, and in its application is characteristic.

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

so unreasonable as to invite derision

From this reading If _Ramsay_ had made the shepherds of the Lowlands of Scotland, in the middle of the seventeenth century, speak correct English, how preposterous would have been such a composition!

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

past form of “print” — put into print

From this reading After all, what is the language of Ramsay, but the common speech of Yorkshire during the last century?[40] [Footnote 40: See "A Yorkshire Dialogue in its pure natural dialect;" printed at York, 1684.]

marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness

From this reading But, with perfect propriety, he gave them the language which belonged to them; and if the sentiments of the speakers be not reproachable with unnecessary vulgarity, we cannot with justice associate vulgarism with a dialect, which in itself is proper, and in its application is characteristic.

correct or appropriate behavior

From this reading But, with perfect propriety, he gave them the language which belonged to them; and if the sentiments of the speakers be not reproachable with unnecessary vulgarity, we cannot with justice associate vulgarism with a dialect, which in itself is proper, and in its application is characteristic.

free of extraneous elements of any kind

From this reading After all, what is the language of Ramsay, but the common speech of Yorkshire during the last century?[40] [Footnote 40: See "A Yorkshire Dialogue in its pure natural dialect;" printed at York, 1684.]

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If _Ramsay_ had made the shepherds of the Lowlands of Scotland, in the middle of the seventeenth century, speak correct English, how preposterous would have been such a composition!

recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, with perfect propriety, he gave them the language which belonged to them; and if the sentiments of the speakers be not reproachable with unnecessary vulgarity, we cannot with justice associate vulgarism with a dialect, which in itself is proper, and in its application is characteristic.

the place where some action occurs

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading If _Ramsay_ had made the shepherds of the Lowlands of Scotland, in the middle of the seventeenth century, speak correct English, how preposterous would have been such a composition!

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading After all, what is the language of Ramsay, but the common speech of Yorkshire during the last century?[40] [Footnote 40: See "A Yorkshire Dialogue in its pure natural dialect;" printed at York, 1684.]

tender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling or emotion

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

plural of “sentiment” — tender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling or emotion

From this reading But, with perfect propriety, he gave them the language which belonged to them; and if the sentiments of the speakers be not reproachable with unnecessary vulgarity, we cannot with justice associate vulgarism with a dialect, which in itself is proper, and in its application is characteristic.

coming next after the sixteenth in position

From this reading If _Ramsay_ had made the shepherds of the Lowlands of Scotland, in the middle of the seventeenth century, speak correct English, how preposterous would have been such a composition!

a clergyman who watches over a group of people

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

plural of “shepherd” — a clergyman who watches over a group of people

From this reading If _Ramsay_ had made the shepherds of the Lowlands of Scotland, in the middle of the seventeenth century, speak correct English, how preposterous would have been such a composition!

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

express in speech

From this reading If _Ramsay_ had made the shepherds of the Lowlands of Scotland, in the middle of the seventeenth century, speak correct English, how preposterous would have been such a composition!

plural of “speaker” — someone who expresses in language; someone who talks (especially someone who delivers a public speech or someone especially garrulous)

From this reading But, with perfect propriety, he gave them the language which belonged to them; and if the sentiments of the speakers be not reproachable with unnecessary vulgarity, we cannot with justice associate vulgarism with a dialect, which in itself is proper, and in its application is characteristic.

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading After all, what is the language of Ramsay, but the common speech of Yorkshire during the last century?[40] [Footnote 40: See "A Yorkshire Dialogue in its pure natural dialect;" printed at York, 1684.]

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading If _Ramsay_ had made the shepherds of the Lowlands of Scotland, in the middle of the seventeenth century, speak correct English, how preposterous would have been such a composition!

To perceive flavor through the mouth.

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading But, with perfect propriety, he gave them the language which belonged to them; and if the sentiments of the speakers be not reproachable with unnecessary vulgarity, we cannot with justice associate vulgarism with a dialect, which in itself is proper, and in its application is characteristic.

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

not necessary

From this reading But, with perfect propriety, he gave them the language which belonged to them; and if the sentiments of the speakers be not reproachable with unnecessary vulgarity, we cannot with justice associate vulgarism with a dialect, which in itself is proper, and in its application is characteristic.

spatially or metaphorically from a lower to a higher position

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

an offensive or indecent word or phrase

From this reading But, with perfect propriety, he gave them the language which belonged to them; and if the sentiments of the speakers be not reproachable with unnecessary vulgarity, we cannot with justice associate vulgarism with a dialect, which in itself is proper, and in its application is characteristic.

the quality of lacking taste and refinement

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

used to ask for information about something

From this reading After all, what is the language of Ramsay, but the common speech of Yorkshire during the last century?[40] [Footnote 40: See "A Yorkshire Dialogue in its pure natural dialect;" printed at York, 1684.]

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

in the company of; together with

From this reading It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising

From this reading From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of _The Gentle Shepherd_ disgusts from its vulgarity.

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If _Ramsay_ had made the shepherds of the Lowlands of Scotland, in the middle of the seventeenth century, speak correct English, how preposterous would have been such a composition!

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading After all, what is the language of Ramsay, but the common speech of Yorkshire during the last century?[40] [Footnote 40: See "A Yorkshire Dialogue in its pure natural dialect;" printed at York, 1684.]

a former large county in northern England; in 1974 it was divided into three smaller counties

From this reading After all, what is the language of Ramsay, but the common speech of Yorkshire during the last century?[40] [Footnote 40: See "A Yorkshire Dialogue in its pure natural dialect;" printed at York, 1684.]