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The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy
The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy is here in full — 340 sentences across 68 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/68 · 5 lines
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SANG VII.--_Tune_, Cauld kail in Aberdeen.
_Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.
Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.
_Sym._ Nor wad he lang, with senseless saucy air, Allow our lyart noddles to be bare.
"Put on your bonnet, Symon;--tak a seat.-- How's all at hame?--How's Elspa?
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy is here in full — 340 sentences across 68 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/68 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SANG VII.--_Tune_, Cauld kail in Aberdeen.
Line 2
_Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.
Line 3
Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.
Line 4
_Sym._ Nor wad he lang, with senseless saucy air, Allow our lyart noddles to be bare.
Line 5
"Put on your bonnet, Symon;--tak a seat.-- How's all at hame?--How's Elspa?

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Aberdeen noun US /ˈæbərdiːn/

a town in western Washington

From this reading “SANG VII.--_Tune_, Cauld kail in Aberdeen.”

ane adjective US /eɪn/

used of a single unit or thing; not two or more

From this reading “Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.”

kail noun US /keɪl/

a hardy cabbage with coarse curly leaves that do not form a head

From this reading “SANG VII.--_Tune_, Cauld kail in Aberdeen.”

Oppressors noun US /əˈpresərz/

plural of “oppressor” — a person of authority who subjects others to undue pressures

From this reading “_Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.”

stent noun US /stent/

a slender tube inserted inside a tubular body part (as a blood vessel) to provide support during and after surgical anastomosis

From this reading “Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.”

Sunday's noun US /ˈsʌndeɪz/

possessive form of “sunday” — first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading “Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.”

thriving adjective US /ˈθraɪvɪŋ/

very lively and profitable

From this reading “Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.”

woody adjective US /ˈwʊdi/

made of or containing or resembling wood

From this reading “_Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

grew rich verb + adjective counted as “grow rich”

In this reading “Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.”

at hame preposition + noun

In this reading “"Put on your bonnet, Symon;--tak a seat.-- How's all at hame?--How's Elspa?”

Put on verb + particle

put clothing on one's body

In this reading “"Put on your bonnet, Symon;--tak a seat.-- How's all at hame?--How's Elspa?”

stands in verb + particle counted as “stand in”

be a substitute

In this reading “Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.

AberdeennounUS /ˈæbərdiːn/

a town in western Washington

From this reading SANG VII.--_Tune_, Cauld kail in Aberdeen.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading _Sym._ Nor wad he lang, with senseless saucy air, Allow our lyart noddles to be bare.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading "Put on your bonnet, Symon;--tak a seat.-- How's all at hame?--How's Elspa?

AllowverbUS /əˈlaʊ/

make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading _Sym._ Nor wad he lang, with senseless saucy air, Allow our lyart noddles to be bare.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.

aneadjectiveUS /eɪn/

used of a single unit or thing; not two or more

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading _Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.

bareadjectiveUS /ber/

completely unclothed

From this reading _Sym._ Nor wad he lang, with senseless saucy air, Allow our lyart noddles to be bare.

basenounUS /beɪs/

installation from which a military force initiates operations

From this reading _Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading _Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.

BlestadjectiveUS /blest/

highly favored or fortunate (as e.g. by divine grace)

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

bloodyadjectiveUS /ˈblʌdi/

having or covered with or accompanied by blood

From this reading _Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.

bonnetnounUS /ˈbɑːnət/

a hat tied under the chin

From this reading "Put on your bonnet, Symon;--tak a seat.-- How's all at hame?--How's Elspa?

bravelyadverbUS /ˈbreɪvli/

in a courageous manner

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading _Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.

Cauld

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SANG VII.--_Tune_, Cauld kail in Aberdeen.

claiths

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

consciencenounUS /ˈkɑːnʃəns/

motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

defencenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

Elspa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Put on your bonnet, Symon;--tak a seat.-- How's all at hame?--How's Elspa?

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

Glaud

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

grumbl'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

hamenoun

stable gear consisting of either of two curved supports that are attached to the collar of a draft horse and that hold the traces

From this reading "Put on your bonnet, Symon;--tak a seat.-- How's all at hame?--How's Elspa?

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading _Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.

How's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Put on your bonnet, Symon;--tak a seat.-- How's all at hame?--How's Elspa?

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading _Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading SANG VII.--_Tune_, Cauld kail in Aberdeen.

kailnounUS /keɪl/

a hardy cabbage with coarse curly leaves that do not form a head

From this reading SANG VII.--_Tune_, Cauld kail in Aberdeen.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

lang

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading _Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.

lyart

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Sym._ Nor wad he lang, with senseless saucy air, Allow our lyart noddles to be bare.

mailens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

noddles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Sym._ Nor wad he lang, with senseless saucy air, Allow our lyart noddles to be bare.

NorconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

OppressorsnounUS /əˈpresərz/

plural of “oppressor” — a person of authority who subjects others to undue pressures

From this reading _Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

patverbUS /pæt/

pat or squeeze fondly or playfully, especially under the chin

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

PutverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading "Put on your bonnet, Symon;--tak a seat.-- How's all at hame?--How's Elspa?

racketnounUS /ˈrækɪt/

a loud and disturbing noise

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

raiseverbUS /reɪz/

raise the level or amount of something

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

rebelsnounUS /ˈrebəlz/

plural of “rebel” — “Johnny” was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; “greyback” derived from their grey Confederate uniforms

From this reading _Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.

rentverbUS /rent/

let for money

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

SANGnounUS /sæŋ/

North American woodland herb similar to and used as substitute for the Chinese ginseng

From this reading SANG VII.--_Tune_, Cauld kail in Aberdeen.

saucyadjectiveUS /ˈsɔːsi/

characterized by a lightly pert and exuberant quality

From this reading _Sym._ Nor wad he lang, with senseless saucy air, Allow our lyart noddles to be bare.

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading "Put on your bonnet, Symon;--tak a seat.-- How's all at hame?--How's Elspa?

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading _Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

senselessadjectiveUS /ˈsensləs/

not marked by the use of reason

From this reading _Sym._ Nor wad he lang, with senseless saucy air, Allow our lyart noddles to be bare.

shor'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

stationnounUS /ˈsteɪʃən/

a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel for a particular purpose

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

stentnounUS /stent/

a slender tube inserted inside a tubular body part (as a blood vessel) to provide support during and after surgical anastomosis

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

StrungadjectiveUS /strʌŋ/

that is on a string

From this reading _Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.

Sunday'snounUS /ˈsʌndeɪz/

possessive form of “sunday” — first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

Sym

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Sym._ Nor wad he lang, with senseless saucy air, Allow our lyart noddles to be bare.

Symon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Put on your bonnet, Symon;--tak a seat.-- How's all at hame?--How's Elspa?

tak

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Put on your bonnet, Symon;--tak a seat.-- How's all at hame?--How's Elspa?

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading _Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.

thrivingadjectiveUS /ˈθraɪvɪŋ/

very lively and profitable

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

TunenounUS /tuːn/

a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence

From this reading SANG VII.--_Tune_, Cauld kail in Aberdeen.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading _Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.

UspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

VIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading SANG VII.--_Tune_, Cauld kail in Aberdeen.

wadverbUS /wɑːd/

compress into a wad

From this reading _Sym._ Nor wad he lang, with senseless saucy air, Allow our lyart noddles to be bare.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

we'll

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

woodyadjectiveUS /ˈwʊdi/

made of or containing or resembling wood

From this reading _Cauld be the rebels cast, Oppressors base and bloody, I hope we'll see them at the last Strung a' up in a woody.

worthnounUS /wɜːrθ/

an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value

From this reading Blest be he of worth and sense, And ever high his station, That bravely stands in the defence Of conscience, king and nation._ _Glaud._ And may he lang; for never did he stent Us in our thriving, with a racket rent: Nor grumbl'd, if ane grew rich; or shor'd to raise Our mailens, when we pat on Sunday's claiths.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "Put on your bonnet, Symon;--tak a seat.-- How's all at hame?--How's Elspa?

Chapter 4 of The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy by Allan Ramsay holds 340 sentences, grouped into 68 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy contain?

Chapter 4 holds 340 sentences of The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy, unabridged, divided into 68 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy by Allan Ramsay exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 340 sentences, grouped into 68 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy?

Work through the 68 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 68 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy

Common questions about reading The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy by Allan Ramsay on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy?

Yes. All 3583 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40639 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40639, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy take to read?

About 298 minutes of reading across 717 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy section by section

How to work through The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Gentle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shepherd
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pastoral
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Comedy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.