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The Gilded Age, Part 1.
The Gilded Age, Part 1.

Chapter VI

Cover illustration for The Gilded Age, Part 1.
Context Illustration Reading 1/43 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
We skip ten years and this history finds certain changes to record.
Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.
Sellers has two pairs of twins and four extras.
In Hawkins's family are six children of his own and two adopted ones.
From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Gilded Age, Part 1.

Chapter VI

Reading 1/43 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
We skip ten years and this history finds certain changes to record.
Line 2
Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.
Line 3
Sellers has two pairs of twins and four extras.
Line 4
In Hawkins's family are six children of his own and two adopted ones.
Line 5
From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Fortune noun US /ˈfortune/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “Sellers has two pairs of twins and four extras.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.”

Hawkins noun US /ˈhawkins/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.”

Meantime noun US /ˈmiːntaɪm/

the period of time while something else is happening

From this reading “Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.”

Pinched noun US /ˈpinched/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.”

Spending noun US /ˈspending/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adopted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In Hawkins's family are six children of his own and two adopted ones.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We skip ten years and this history finds certain changes to record.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

benefit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.

certain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We skip ten years and this history finds certain changes to record.

chafing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

changes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We skip ten years and this history finds certain changes to record.

children

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In Hawkins's family are six children of his own and two adopted ones.

circumstances

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

Col

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.

discomfort

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

elder

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

excellent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

extras

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sellers has two pairs of twins and four extras.

family

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In Hawkins's family are six children of his own and two adopted ones.

finds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We skip ten years and this history finds certain changes to record.

fortunenounUS /ˈfortune/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

fortunes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.

four

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sellers has two pairs of twins and four extras.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

got

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Sellers has two pairs of twins and four extras.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.

Hawkins

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.

Hawkins's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In Hawkins's family are six children of his own and two adopted ones.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In Hawkins's family are six children of his own and two adopted ones.

history

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We skip ten years and this history finds certain changes to record.

home

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

Judge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.

lost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.

Louis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

lucky

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

made

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.

meantimenounUS /ˈmiːntaɪm/

the period of time while something else is happening

From this reading Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.

moderate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Sellers has two pairs of twins and four extras.

ones

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In Hawkins's family are six children of his own and two adopted ones.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.

own

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In Hawkins's family are six children of his own and two adopted ones.

pairs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sellers has two pairs of twins and four extras.

pinchednounUS /ˈpinched/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.

poverty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.

record

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We skip ten years and this history finds certain changes to record.

schools

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

seasons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

Sellers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.

six

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In Hawkins's family are six children of his own and two adopted ones.

skip

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We skip ten years and this history finds certain changes to record.

smiled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

spendingnounUS /ˈspending/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

straightened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

ten

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We skip ten years and this history finds certain changes to record.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading We skip ten years and this history finds certain changes to record.

three

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading We skip ten years and this history finds certain changes to record.

twins

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sellers has two pairs of twins and four extras.

two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Judge Hawkins and Col. Sellers have made and lost two or three moderate fortunes in the meantime and are now pinched by poverty.

unlucky

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From time to time, as fortune smiled, the elder children got the benefit of it, spending the lucky seasons at excellent schools in St. Louis and the unlucky ones at home in the chafing discomfort of straightened circumstances.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We skip ten years and this history finds certain changes to record.

years

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We skip ten years and this history finds certain changes to record.