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The Gilded Age, Part 2.
The Gilded Age, Part 2.

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of The Gilded Age, Part 2. is here in full — 120 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Gilded Age, Part 2.
Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Eight years have passed since the death of Mr. Hawkins.
Eight years are not many in the life of a nation or the history of a state, but they maybe years of destiny that shall fix the current of the century following.
Such years were those that followed the little scrimmage on Lexington Common.
Such years were those that followed the double-shotted demand for the surrender of Fort Sumter.
History is never done with inquiring of these years, and summoning witnesses about them, and trying to understand their significance.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Gilded Age, Part 2.

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of The Gilded Age, Part 2. is here in full — 120 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Eight years have passed since the death of Mr. Hawkins.
/eɪt jɪrz hæv pæst sɪns ðə deθ ʌv ˈmɪstər ˈhɔːkɪnz/
Line 2
Eight years are not many in the life of a nation or the history of a state, but they maybe years of destiny that shall fix the current of the century following.
/eɪt jɪrz ɑːr nɑːt ˈmeni ɪn ðə laɪf ʌv ə ˈneɪʃən ɔːr ðə ˈhɪstəri ʌv ə steɪt bʌt ðeɪ ˈmeɪbi jɪrz ʌv ˈdestəni ðæt ʃæl fɪks ðə ˈkɜːrənt ʌv ðə ˈsentʃəri ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/
Line 3
Such years were those that followed the little scrimmage on Lexington Common.
/sʌtʃ jɪrz wɜːr ðoʊz ðæt ˈfɑːloʊd ðə ˈlɪtəl ˈskrɪmɪdʒ ɑːn ˈleksɪŋtən ˈkɑːmən/
Line 4
Such years were those that followed the double-shotted demand for the surrender of Fort Sumter.
Line 5
History is never done with inquiring of these years, and summoning witnesses about them, and trying to understand their significance.
/ˈhɪstəri ɪz ˈnevər dʌn wɪð ˌɪnˈkwaɪərɪŋ ʌv ðiːz jɪrz ənd ˈsʌmənɪŋ ˈwɪtnəsəz əˈbaʊt ðem ənd ˈtraɪɪŋ tuː ˌʌndərˈstænd ðer səɡˈnɪfɪkəns/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Hawkins noun US /ˈhɔːkɪnz/

English privateer involved in the slave trade; later helped build the fleet that in 1588 defeated the Spanish Armada (1532-1595)

From this reading “Eight years have passed since the death of Mr. Hawkins.”

inquiring adjective US /ˌɪnˈkwaɪərɪŋ/

given to inquiry

From this reading “History is never done with inquiring of these years, and summoning witnesses about them, and trying to understand their significance.”

Lexington noun US /ˈleksɪŋtən/

town in eastern Massachusetts near Boston where the first battle of the American Revolution was fought

From this reading “Such years were those that followed the little scrimmage on Lexington Common.”

scrimmage noun US /ˈskrɪmɪdʒ/

(American football) practice play between a football team's squads

From this reading “Such years were those that followed the little scrimmage on Lexington Common.”

significance noun US /səɡˈnɪfɪkəns/

the quality of being significant

From this reading “History is never done with inquiring of these years, and summoning witnesses about them, and trying to understand their significance.”

summoning noun US /ˈsʌmənɪŋ/

calling up supposed supernatural forces by spells and incantations

From this reading “History is never done with inquiring of these years, and summoning witnesses about them, and trying to understand their significance.”

surrender noun US /sərˈendər/

acceptance of despair

From this reading “Such years were those that followed the double-shotted demand for the surrender of Fort Sumter.”

witnesses noun US /ˈwɪtnəsəz/

plural of “witness” — someone who sees an event and reports what happened

From this reading “History is never done with inquiring of these years, and summoning witnesses about them, and trying to understand their significance.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Eight years are not many in the life of a nation or the history of a state, but they maybe years of destiny that shall fix the current of the century following.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading History is never done with inquiring of these years, and summoning witnesses about them, and trying to understand their significance.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading History is never done with inquiring of these years, and summoning witnesses about them, and trying to understand their significance.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Eight years are not many in the life of a nation or the history of a state, but they maybe years of destiny that shall fix the current of the century following.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Eight years are not many in the life of a nation or the history of a state, but they maybe years of destiny that shall fix the current of the century following.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading Eight years are not many in the life of a nation or the history of a state, but they maybe years of destiny that shall fix the current of the century following.

CommonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading Such years were those that followed the little scrimmage on Lexington Common.

currentnounUS /ˈkɜːrənt/

a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading Eight years are not many in the life of a nation or the history of a state, but they maybe years of destiny that shall fix the current of the century following.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Eight years have passed since the death of Mr. Hawkins.

demandnounUS /dɪˈmænd/

an urgent or peremptory request

From this reading Such years were those that followed the double-shotted demand for the surrender of Fort Sumter.

destinynounUS /ˈdestəni/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading Eight years are not many in the life of a nation or the history of a state, but they maybe years of destiny that shall fix the current of the century following.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading History is never done with inquiring of these years, and summoning witnesses about them, and trying to understand their significance.

double-shotted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such years were those that followed the double-shotted demand for the surrender of Fort Sumter.

EightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading Eight years have passed since the death of Mr. Hawkins.

fixverbUS /fɪks/

restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken

From this reading Eight years are not many in the life of a nation or the history of a state, but they maybe years of destiny that shall fix the current of the century following.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Such years were those that followed the little scrimmage on Lexington Common.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading Eight years are not many in the life of a nation or the history of a state, but they maybe years of destiny that shall fix the current of the century following.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Such years were those that followed the double-shotted demand for the surrender of Fort Sumter.

FortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading Such years were those that followed the double-shotted demand for the surrender of Fort Sumter.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Eight years have passed since the death of Mr. Hawkins.

HawkinsnounUS /ˈhɔːkɪnz/

English privateer involved in the slave trade; later helped build the fleet that in 1588 defeated the Spanish Armada (1532-1595)

From this reading Eight years have passed since the death of Mr. Hawkins.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Eight years are not many in the life of a nation or the history of a state, but they maybe years of destiny that shall fix the current of the century following.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Eight years are not many in the life of a nation or the history of a state, but they maybe years of destiny that shall fix the current of the century following.

inquiringadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪərɪŋ/

given to inquiry

From this reading History is never done with inquiring of these years, and summoning witnesses about them, and trying to understand their significance.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading History is never done with inquiring of these years, and summoning witnesses about them, and trying to understand their significance.

LexingtonnounUS /ˈleksɪŋtən/

town in eastern Massachusetts near Boston where the first battle of the American Revolution was fought

From this reading Such years were those that followed the little scrimmage on Lexington Common.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Eight years are not many in the life of a nation or the history of a state, but they maybe years of destiny that shall fix the current of the century following.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Such years were those that followed the little scrimmage on Lexington Common.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Eight years are not many in the life of a nation or the history of a state, but they maybe years of destiny that shall fix the current of the century following.

maybeadverbUS /ˈmeɪbi/

by chance

From this reading Eight years are not many in the life of a nation or the history of a state, but they maybe years of destiny that shall fix the current of the century following.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Eight years have passed since the death of Mr. Hawkins.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Eight years are not many in the life of a nation or the history of a state, but they maybe years of destiny that shall fix the current of the century following.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading History is never done with inquiring of these years, and summoning witnesses about them, and trying to understand their significance.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Eight years are not many in the life of a nation or the history of a state, but they maybe years of destiny that shall fix the current of the century following.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Eight years have passed since the death of Mr. Hawkins.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Such years were those that followed the little scrimmage on Lexington Common.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Eight years are not many in the life of a nation or the history of a state, but they maybe years of destiny that shall fix the current of the century following.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Eight years have passed since the death of Mr. Hawkins.

scrimmagenounUS /ˈskrɪmɪdʒ/

(American football) practice play between a football team's squads

From this reading Such years were those that followed the little scrimmage on Lexington Common.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading Eight years are not many in the life of a nation or the history of a state, but they maybe years of destiny that shall fix the current of the century following.

significancenounUS /səɡˈnɪfɪkəns/

the quality of being significant

From this reading History is never done with inquiring of these years, and summoning witnesses about them, and trying to understand their significance.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Eight years have passed since the death of Mr. Hawkins.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Eight years are not many in the life of a nation or the history of a state, but they maybe years of destiny that shall fix the current of the century following.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such years were those that followed the little scrimmage on Lexington Common.

summoningnounUS /ˈsʌmənɪŋ/

calling up supposed supernatural forces by spells and incantations

From this reading History is never done with inquiring of these years, and summoning witnesses about them, and trying to understand their significance.

Sumter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such years were those that followed the double-shotted demand for the surrender of Fort Sumter.

surrendernounUS /sərˈendər/

acceptance of despair

From this reading Such years were those that followed the double-shotted demand for the surrender of Fort Sumter.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Eight years are not many in the life of a nation or the history of a state, but they maybe years of destiny that shall fix the current of the century following.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Eight years have passed since the death of Mr. Hawkins.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading History is never done with inquiring of these years, and summoning witnesses about them, and trying to understand their significance.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading History is never done with inquiring of these years, and summoning witnesses about them, and trying to understand their significance.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading History is never done with inquiring of these years, and summoning witnesses about them, and trying to understand their significance.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Eight years are not many in the life of a nation or the history of a state, but they maybe years of destiny that shall fix the current of the century following.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Such years were those that followed the little scrimmage on Lexington Common.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading History is never done with inquiring of these years, and summoning witnesses about them, and trying to understand their significance.

tryingadjectiveUS /ˈtraɪɪŋ/

hard to endure

From this reading History is never done with inquiring of these years, and summoning witnesses about them, and trying to understand their significance.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading History is never done with inquiring of these years, and summoning witnesses about them, and trying to understand their significance.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Such years were those that followed the little scrimmage on Lexington Common.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading History is never done with inquiring of these years, and summoning witnesses about them, and trying to understand their significance.

witnessesnounUS /ˈwɪtnəsəz/

plural of “witness” — someone who sees an event and reports what happened

From this reading History is never done with inquiring of these years, and summoning witnesses about them, and trying to understand their significance.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Eight years have passed since the death of Mr. Hawkins.

Chapter 10 of The Gilded Age, Part 2. by Mark Twain holds 120 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of The Gilded Age, Part 2. contain?

Chapter 10 holds 120 sentences of The Gilded Age, Part 2., unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of The Gilded Age, Part 2. by Mark Twain exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 120 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of The Gilded Age, Part 2.?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Gilded Age, Part 2.

Common questions about reading The Gilded Age, Part 2. by Mark Twain on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Gilded Age, Part 2.?

Yes. All 1051 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5819 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Gilded Age, Part 2. is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5819, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Gilded Age, Part 2. take to read?

About 87 minutes of reading across 211 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Gilded Age, Part 2. section by section

How to work through The Gilded Age, Part 2. section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of The Gilded Age, Part 2. to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Gilded Age, Part 2.

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Gilded Age, Part 2., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Three
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gilded Age, Part 2.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Elapsed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gilded Age, Part 2.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Since
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gilded Age, Part 2.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Funeral
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gilded Age, Part 2.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.