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The Gilded Age, Part 4.
The Gilded Age, Part 4.

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of The Gilded Age, Part 4. is here in full — 286 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Gilded Age, Part 4.
Context Illustration Reading 1/57 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.
One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.
Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.
No. 2 was the aristocracy of the middle ground--of which, more anon.
No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Gilded Age, Part 4.

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of The Gilded Age, Part 4. is here in full — 286 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/57 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.
Line 2
One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.
Line 3
Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.
/ˈɪntuː ðɪs səˈlekt ˈsɜːrkəl ɪt wɑːz ˈdɪfəkəlt tuː ɡeɪn ædˈmɪʃən/
Line 4
No. 2 was the aristocracy of the middle ground--of which, more anon.
Line 5
No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

admission noun US /ædˈmɪʃən/

the act of admitting someone to enter

From this reading “Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.”

ancestry noun US /ˈænsestri/

the descendants of one individual

From this reading “One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.”

Antiques noun US /ænˈtiːks/

plural of “antique” — an elderly man

From this reading “One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.”

aristocracy noun US /ˌerəˈstɑːkrəsi/

a privileged class holding hereditary titles

From this reading “No. 2 was the aristocracy of the middle ground--of which, more anon.”

councils noun US /ˈkaʊnsəlz/

plural of “council” — a body serving in an administrative capacity

From this reading “One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.”

cultivated adjective US /ˈkʌltəveɪtɪd/

(of land or fields) prepared for raising crops by plowing or fertilizing

From this reading “One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.”

nation's noun US /ˈneɪʃənz/

possessive form of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading “One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.”

select adjective US /səˈlekt/

of superior grade

From this reading “Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No. 2 was the aristocracy of the middle ground--of which, more anon.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.

admissionnounUS /ædˈmɪʃən/

the act of admitting someone to enter

From this reading Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

ancestrynounUS /ˈænsestri/

the descendants of one individual

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

anonadverbUS /ˌæˈnɔːn/

at another time

From this reading No. 2 was the aristocracy of the middle ground--of which, more anon.

AntiquesnounUS /ænˈtiːks/

plural of “antique” — an elderly man

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

aristocracies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.

aristocracynounUS /ˌerəˈstɑːkrəsi/

a privileged class holding hereditary titles

From this reading No. 2 was the aristocracy of the middle ground--of which, more anon.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

circlenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəl/

ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.

consistedverbUS /kənˈsɪstəd/

past form of “consist” — originate

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

councilsnounUS /ˈkaʊnsəlz/

plural of “council” — a body serving in an administrative capacity

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

cultivatedadjectiveUS /ˈkʌltəveɪtɪd/

(of land or fields) prepared for raising crops by plowing or fertilizing

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.

distinctadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

(often followed by “from”) not alike; different in nature or quality

From this reading Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.

downwardadjectiveUS /ˈdaʊnwərd/

extending or moving from a higher to a lower place

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

familiesnounUS /ˈfæməliz/

plural of “family” — a social unit living together

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

gainverbUS /ɡeɪn/

obtain

From this reading Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading No. 2 was the aristocracy of the middle ground--of which, more anon.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.

high-bred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.

IntoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

Laura

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading No. 2 was the aristocracy of the middle ground--of which, more anon.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading No. 2 was the aristocracy of the middle ground--of which, more anon.

nation'snounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

possessive form of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

nick-named

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No. 2 was the aristocracy of the middle ground--of which, more anon.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

pridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

republicnounUS /riˈpʌblək/

a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.

selectadjectiveUS /səˈlekt/

of superior grade

From this reading Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

warsnounUS /wɔːrz/

plural of “war” — the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading No. 2 was the aristocracy of the middle ground--of which, more anon.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.

Chapter 5 of The Gilded Age, Part 4. by Mark Twain holds 286 sentences, grouped into 58 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of The Gilded Age, Part 4. contain?

Chapter 5 holds 286 sentences of The Gilded Age, Part 4., unabridged, divided into 58 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of The Gilded Age, Part 4. by Mark Twain exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 286 sentences, grouped into 58 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of The Gilded Age, Part 4.?

Work through the 58 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 58 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Gilded Age, Part 4.

Common questions about reading The Gilded Age, Part 4. by Mark Twain on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Gilded Age, Part 4.?

Yes. All 1344 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5821 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Gilded Age, Part 4. is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5821, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Gilded Age, Part 4. take to read?

About 112 minutes of reading across 269 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Gilded Age, Part 4. section by section

How to work through The Gilded Age, Part 4. section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Gilded Age, Part 4.

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Gilded Age, Part 4., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Whatever
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gilded Age, Part 4.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Language
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gilded Age, Part 4.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Harry's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gilded Age, Part 4.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gilded Age, Part 4.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.