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The Gilded Age, Part 4.
The Gilded Age, Part 4.

Chapter V

Cover illustration for The Gilded Age, Part 4.
Context Illustration Reading 1/58 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.
One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.
Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.
No. 2 was the aristocracy of the middle ground--of which, more anon.
No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Gilded Age, Part 4.

Chapter V

Reading 1/58 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.
Line 2
One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.
Line 3
Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.
Line 4
No. 2 was the aristocracy of the middle ground--of which, more anon.
Line 5
No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.”

Beyond preposition US /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading “No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.”

Here noun US /here/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.”

Looked noun US /looked/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.”

Soon noun US /soon/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No. 2 was the aristocracy of the middle ground--of which, more anon.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.

admission

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.

always

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

ancestry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

anon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No. 2 was the aristocracy of the middle ground--of which, more anon.

Antiques

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

aristocracies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.

aristocracy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No. 2 was the aristocracy of the middle ground--of which, more anon.

back

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.

birth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

circle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.

consisted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

councils

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

cultivated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

difficult

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.

discovered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.

distinct

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.

downward

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

families

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

gain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

ground

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No. 2 was the aristocracy of the middle ground--of which, more anon.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

herenounUS /here/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.

high-bred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.

IntoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

Laura

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.

lay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.

lookednounUS /looked/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

middle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No. 2 was the aristocracy of the middle ground--of which, more anon.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No. 2 was the aristocracy of the middle ground--of which, more anon.

nation's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

nick-named

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No. 2 was the aristocracy of the middle ground--of which, more anon.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

old

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

pride

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

republic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

say

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.

select

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.

soon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.

three

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

wars

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Into this select circle it was difficult to gain admission.

Washington

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Laura soon discovered that there were three distinct aristocracies in Washington.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading No. 2 was the aristocracy of the middle ground--of which, more anon.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading One of these, (nick-named the Antiques,) consisted of cultivated, high-bred old families who looked back with pride upon an ancestry that had been always great in the nation's councils and its wars from the birth of the republic downward.

word

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No. 3 lay beyond; of it we will say a word here.