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The Gilded Age, Part 7.
The Gilded Age, Part 7.

Chapter VIII

Cover illustration for The Gilded Age, Part 7.
Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Philip Sterling's circumstances were becoming straightened.
The prospect was gloomy.
His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.
That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.
Sometimes he ventured to hope that he had made a mistake in estimating the direction which the vein should naturally take after crossing the valley and entering the hill.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Gilded Age, Part 7.

Chapter VIII

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Philip Sterling's circumstances were becoming straightened.
Line 2
The prospect was gloomy.
Line 3
His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.
Line 4
That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.
Line 5
Sometimes he ventured to hope that he had made a mistake in estimating the direction which the vein should naturally take after crossing the valley and entering the hill.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

After preposition US /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading “Sometimes he ventured to hope that he had made a mistake in estimating the direction which the vein should naturally take after crossing the valley and entering the hill.”

Beginning noun US /ˈbeginning/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.”

Beyond preposition US /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading “That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.”

Every determiner US /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading “His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.”

Foot noun US /foot/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.”

Long noun US /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.”

Point noun US /pɔɪnt/

the main matter or purpose being discussed

From this reading “That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.”

Seemed noun US /seemed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.”

Sometimes noun US /sometimes/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Sometimes he ventured to hope that he had made a mistake in estimating the direction which the vein should naturally take after crossing the valley and entering the hill.”

Still noun US /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.”

Take noun US /take/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Sometimes he ventured to hope that he had made a mistake in estimating the direction which the vein should naturally take after crossing the valley and entering the hill.”

Tell noun US /tell/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.”

Told noun US /told/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.”

All words in this reading · 85

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

according

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Sometimes he ventured to hope that he had made a mistake in estimating the direction which the vein should naturally take after crossing the valley and entering the hill.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

away

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

becoming

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Philip Sterling's circumstances were becoming straightened.

beginningnounUS /ˈbeginning/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

calculations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

carry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

circumstances

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Philip Sterling's circumstances were becoming straightened.

coal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

considerably

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

crossing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sometimes he ventured to hope that he had made a mistake in estimating the direction which the vein should naturally take after crossing the valley and entering the hill.

day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

diminished

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

direction

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sometimes he ventured to hope that he had made a mistake in estimating the direction which the vein should naturally take after crossing the valley and entering the hill.

entering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sometimes he ventured to hope that he had made a mistake in estimating the direction which the vein should naturally take after crossing the valley and entering the hill.

estimating

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sometimes he ventured to hope that he had made a mistake in estimating the direction which the vein should naturally take after crossing the valley and entering the hill.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

fact

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

footnounUS /foot/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

further

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

gloomy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The prospect was gloomy.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Sometimes he ventured to hope that he had made a mistake in estimating the direction which the vein should naturally take after crossing the valley and entering the hill.

hill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

hope

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sometimes he ventured to hope that he had made a mistake in estimating the direction which the vein should naturally take after crossing the valley and entering the hill.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

labor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

longnounUS /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

made

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sometimes he ventured to hope that he had made a mistake in estimating the direction which the vein should naturally take after crossing the valley and entering the hill.

mistake

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sometimes he ventured to hope that he had made a mistake in estimating the direction which the vein should naturally take after crossing the valley and entering the hill.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

naturally

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sometimes he ventured to hope that he had made a mistake in estimating the direction which the vein should naturally take after crossing the valley and entering the hill.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

object

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

pass

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

Philip

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Philip Sterling's circumstances were becoming straightened.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

the main matter or purpose being discussed

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

progressed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

promise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

prospect

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The prospect was gloomy.

reached

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

say

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

search

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

seemednounUS /seemed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

siege

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

Sometimes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sometimes he ventured to hope that he had made a mistake in estimating the direction which the vein should naturally take after crossing the valley and entering the hill.

spirits

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

Sterling's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Philip Sterling's circumstances were becoming straightened.

stillnounUS /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

straightened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Philip Sterling's circumstances were becoming straightened.

success

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

takenounUS /take/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Sometimes he ventured to hope that he had made a mistake in estimating the direction which the vein should naturally take after crossing the valley and entering the hill.

tellnounUS /tell/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The prospect was gloomy.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

toldnounUS /told/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

tunnel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

ultimate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

undeniable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

unproductive

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

valley

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sometimes he ventured to hope that he had made a mistake in estimating the direction which the vein should naturally take after crossing the valley and entering the hill.

vein

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

ventured

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sometimes he ventured to hope that he had made a mistake in estimating the direction which the vein should naturally take after crossing the valley and entering the hill.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The prospect was gloomy.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Philip Sterling's circumstances were becoming straightened.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading His long siege of unproductive labor was beginning to tell upon his spirits; but what told still more upon them was the undeniable fact that the promise of ultimate success diminished every day, now.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading That is to say, the tunnel had reached a point in the hill which was considerably beyond where the coal vein should pass (according to all his calculations) if there were a coal vein there; and so, every foot that the tunnel now progressed seemed to carry it further away from the object of the search.