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The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899
The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899 is here in full — 32 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899
Context Illustration Reading 1/6 · 5 lines
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We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.
We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.
This is called flint rubble.
Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.
This last method is somewhat akin to what the Italians call “sgraffito.”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899 is here in full — 32 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/6 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.
/wiː naʊ hæv tuː kənˈsɪdər ˈkɑːtɪdʒɪz ɪˈrektəd ʌv ˈdɪfərənt məˈtɪriəlz ənd kənˈstrʌktəd ɪn ə ˈtoʊtəli ˈdɪfərənt ˈmænər tuː ðoʊz wɪtʃ wiː hæv ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː dɪˈskraɪbd ənd ðɪs vərˈaɪəti ɪn ˈmeθədz ʌv ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈnætʃərəli liːdz tuː ə dɪˈstɪŋkt ˈtriːtmənt ʌv dɪˈteɪlz ənd ˌdekərˈeɪʃən/
Line 2
We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.
Line 3
This is called flint rubble.
/ðɪs ɪz kɔːld flɪnt ˈrʌbəl/
Line 4
Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.
Line 5
This last method is somewhat akin to what the Italians call “sgraffito.”

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

coating noun US /ˈkoʊtɪŋ/

a thin layer covering something

From this reading “Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.”

doorways noun US /ˈdɔːrweɪz/

plural of “doorway” — the entrance (the space in a wall) through which you enter or leave a room or building; the space that a door can close

From this reading “Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.”

embedded adjective US /emˈbedɪd/

enclosed firmly in a surrounding mass

From this reading “We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.”

implement verb US /ˈɪmpləmənt/

apply in a manner consistent with its purpose or design

From this reading “Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.”

ornamentation noun US /ˌɔːrnəmenˈteɪʃən/

the state of being ornamented

From this reading “Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.”

rubble noun US /ˈrʌbəl/

the remains of something that has been destroyed or broken up

From this reading “This is called flint rubble.”

toothed adjective US /tuːθt/

having teeth especially of a certain number or type; often used in combination

From this reading “Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.”

uncut adjective US /ˌʌnˈkʌt/

not trimmed

From this reading “Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

totally different adverb + adjective

In this reading “We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.”

various ways adjective + noun

In this reading “Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.”

window openings noun + noun counted as “window opening”

In this reading “Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.”

whole surface adjective + noun

In this reading “Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.”

by mixing preposition + noun

In this reading “Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.”

different manner adjective + noun

In this reading “We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.”

All words in this reading · 119

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

adornedadjectiveUS /əˈdɔːrnd/

provided with something intended to increase its beauty or distinction

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

akinadjectiveUS /əˈkɪn/

similar in quality or character

From this reading This last method is somewhat akin to what the Italians call “sgraffito.”

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

anglesnounUS /ˈæŋɡəlz/

plural of “angle” — the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

arrangingnounUS /ərˈeɪndʒɪŋ/

the act of arranging and adapting a piece of music

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

bricknounUS /brɪk/

rectangular block of clay baked by the sun or in a kiln; used as a building or paving material

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading This last method is somewhat akin to what the Italians call “sgraffito.”

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading This is called flint rubble.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

chieflyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːfli/

for the most part

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

coatingnounUS /ˈkoʊtɪŋ/

a thin layer covering something

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

colouredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌlərd/

having color or a certain color; sometimes used in combination

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

constructedverbUS /kənˈstrʌktəd/

past form of “construct” — make by combining materials and parts

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

constructionnounUS /kənˈstrʌkʃən/

the act of constructing something

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

cottagesnounUS /ˈkɑːtɪdʒɪz/

plural of “cottage” — a small house with a single story

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

decorationnounUS /ˌdekərˈeɪʃən/

something used to beautify

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

designnounUS /dɪˈzaɪn/

the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

detailsnounUS /dɪˈteɪlz/

true confidential information

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

distinctadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

(often followed by “from”) not alike; different in nature or quality

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

doorwaysnounUS /ˈdɔːrweɪz/

plural of “doorway” — the entrance (the space in a wall) through which you enter or leave a room or building; the space that a door can close

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

drawingnounUS /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/

an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

embeddedadjectiveUS /emˈbedɪd/

enclosed firmly in a surrounding mass

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

enteringnounUS /ˈentərɪŋ/

a movement into or inward

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

erectedverbUS /ɪˈrektəd/

past form of “erect” — construct, build, or erect

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

flintnounUS /flɪnt/

a hard kind of stone; a form of silica more opaque than chalcedony

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

hithertoadverbUS /ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

implementverbUS /ˈɪmpləmənt/

apply in a manner consistent with its purpose or design

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

irregularadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈreɡjələr/

contrary to rule or accepted order or general practice

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This is called flint rubble.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

ItaliansnounUS /ˌɪˈtæljənz/

plural of “italian” — a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading This last method is somewhat akin to what the Italians call “sgraffito.”

Kentishnoun

one of the major dialects of Old English

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading This last method is somewhat akin to what the Italians call “sgraffito.”

leadsnounUS /liːdz/

plural of “lead” — an advantage held by a competitor in a race

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

materialsnounUS /məˈtɪriəlz/

plural of “material” — the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

methodnounUS /ˈmeθəd/

a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading This last method is somewhat akin to what the Italians call “sgraffito.”

methodsnounUS /ˈmeθədz/

plural of “method” — a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

mixingnounUS /ˈmɪksɪŋ/

the act of mixing together

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

mortarnounUS /ˈmɔːrtər/

a muzzle-loading high-angle gun with a short barrel that fires shells at high elevations for a short range

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

occasionallyadverbUS /əˈkeɪʒənəli/

sporadically and infrequently

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

openingsnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋz/

plural of “opening” — an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

ornamentationnounUS /ˌɔːrnəmenˈteɪʃən/

the state of being ornamented

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

pargetingnoun

plaster used to coat outer walls and line chimneys

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

patternsnounUS /ˈpætərnz/

plural of “pattern” — a perceptual structure

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

plasterverbUS /ˈplæstər/

apply a heavy coat to

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

portionsnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃənz/

plural of “portion” — something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

receiveverbUS /rəˈsiːv/

get something; come into possession of

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

rubblenounUS /ˈrʌbəl/

the remains of something that has been destroyed or broken up

From this reading This is called flint rubble.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

sea-coastnoun

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

sgraffitonoun

a ceramic or mural decoration made by scratching off a surface layer to reveal the ground

From this reading This last method is somewhat akin to what the Italians call “sgraffito.”

shadesnounUS /ʃeɪdz/

(plural) something that reminds you of someone or something

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

simplyadverbUS /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading This last method is somewhat akin to what the Italians call “sgraffito.”

stampingverbUS /ˈstæmpɪŋ/

-ing form of “stamp” — walk heavily

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

stonesnounUS /stoʊnz/

plural of “stone” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

surfacesnounUS /ˈsɜːrfəsəz/

plural of “surface” — the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

toothedadjectiveUS /tuːθt/

having teeth especially of a certain number or type; often used in combination

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

totallyadverbUS /ˈtoʊtəli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

treatmentnounUS /ˈtriːtmənt/

care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

uncutadjectiveUS /ˌʌnˈkʌt/

not trimmed

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

unfrequently

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

varietynounUS /vərˈaɪəti/

a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading We find all along the Kentish sea-coast houses and cottages, the chief materials entering into the construction of which are flint, sometimes cut so as to form the surface of their walls, and sometimes left irregular in shape, and the wall surfaces chiefly formed by the mortar in which the stones are embedded.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading This last method is somewhat akin to what the Italians call “sgraffito.”

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading We now have to consider cottages erected of different materials and constructed in a totally different manner to those which we have hitherto described, and this variety in methods of building naturally leads to a distinct treatment of details and decoration.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Where the flint is cut to a surface the angles, doorways, and window openings are constructed of stone or brick, and these are the portions of the building which receive ornamentation and give the character to the design, but where the flint is uncut and used as rubble, not unfrequently the whole surface is covered with a coating of plaster which is adorned in various ways, sometimes by simply drawing over it a toothed implement like a saw, sometimes by stamping or “pargeting,” and occasionally by mixing the plaster with coloured materials of several shades and arranging them in patterns.

Chapter 4 of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899 by Various holds 32 sentences, grouped into 7 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 32 sentences of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899, unabridged, divided into 7 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899 by Various exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 32 sentences, grouped into 7 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899?

Work through the 7 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 7 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899

Common questions about reading The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899 by Various on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899?

Yes. All 1152 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #57652 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #57652, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899 take to read?

About 96 minutes of reading across 231 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899 section by section

How to work through The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Baron
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fugitive
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clearing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1003, March 18, 1899; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.