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The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899
The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899 is here in full — 186 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899
Context Illustration Reading 1/37 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.
As to whether you should read history backwards or forwards, much depends on your present stock of knowledge.
If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.
The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.
Or they may, with advantage, consult Professor Freeman’s _General Sketch of History_, with maps, published at 3s.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899 is here in full — 186 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.
Line 2
As to whether you should read history backwards or forwards, much depends on your present stock of knowledge.
/æz tuː ˈweðər juː ʃʊd red ˈhɪstəri ˈbækwərdz ɔːr ˈfɔːrwərdz mʌtʃ dɪˈpendz ɑːn jɔːr ˈprezənt stɑːk ʌv ˈnɑːlədʒ/
Line 3
If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.
/ɪf ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz hæv ənˈfɔːrtʃənətli left juː ˈɪɡnərənt ˈiːvɪn ʌv ðə ˈhɪstəri ʌv jɔːr oʊn ˈkʌntri juː wʊd biː ˈskersli ˈfɪtəd tuː bɪˈɡɪn ə ɡriːk ˈhɪstəri bʌt ʃʊd tʃuːz ɪn ðə fɜːrst pleɪs æn ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈhɪstəri ɔːr hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl ˈpraɪmər ðæt juː kæn ˌʌndərˈstænd/
Line 4
The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.
Line 5
Or they may, with advantage, consult Professor Freeman’s _General Sketch of History_, with maps, published at 3s.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chapters noun US /ˈtʃæptərz/

plural of “chapter” — a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading “In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.”

forwards adverb US /ˈfɔːrwərdz/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading “As to whether you should read history backwards or forwards, much depends on your present stock of knowledge.”

Freeman's noun US /ˈfriːmənz/

possessive form of “freeman” — a person who is not a serf or a slave

histories noun US /ˈhɪstəriz/

plural of “history” — the aggregate of past events

From this reading “In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.”

maps noun US /mæps/

plural of “map” — a diagrammatic representation of the earth's surface (or part of it)

From this reading “Or they may, with advantage, consult Professor Freeman’s _General Sketch of History_, with maps, published at 3s.”

olden adjective US /ˈoʊldən/

relating to time long past

From this reading “In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.”

primer noun US /ˈpraɪmər/

an introductory textbook

From this reading “If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.”

whichever determiner US /wɪˈtʃevər/

any one of a set, it does not matter which

From this reading “In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

preceding chapters adjective + noun counted as “preceding chapter”

In this reading “In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.”

depends on verb + particle counted as “depend on”

be contingent on

In this reading “As to whether you should read history backwards or forwards, much depends on your present stock of knowledge.”

at once preposition + adverb

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

In this reading “The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.”

small degree adjective + noun

In this reading “The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.”

own country verb + noun

In this reading “If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.”

first place adjective + noun

In this reading “If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.”

many books adjective + noun

In this reading “In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.”

dealt with verb + particle counted as “deal with”

In this reading “In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.”

All words in this reading · 115

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Or they may, with advantage, consult Professor Freeman’s _General Sketch of History_, with maps, published at 3s.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

advantagenounUS /ædˈvæntɪdʒ/

the quality of having a superior or more favorable position

From this reading Or they may, with advantage, consult Professor Freeman’s _General Sketch of History_, with maps, published at 3s.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.

backwardsadverbUS /ˈbækwərdz/

at or to or toward the back or rear

From this reading As to whether you should read history backwards or forwards, much depends on your present stock of knowledge.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

besidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

chaptersnounUS /ˈtʃæptərz/

plural of “chapter” — a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

chooseverbUS /tʃuːz/

pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

civilisations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.

consultverbUS /kənˈsʌlt/

get or ask advice from

From this reading Or they may, with advantage, consult Professor Freeman’s _General Sketch of History_, with maps, published at 3s.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

dawnnounUS /dɔːn/

the first light of day

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

dealtverbUS /delt/

inflected form of “deal” — act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.

dependsverbUS /dɪˈpendz/

third-person singular of “depend” — be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading As to whether you should read history backwards or forwards, much depends on your present stock of knowledge.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.

fictionnounUS /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

fittedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪtəd/

being the right size and shape to fit as desired

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

forwardsadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərdz/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading As to whether you should read history backwards or forwards, much depends on your present stock of knowledge.

Freeman'snounUS /ˈfriːmənz/

possessive form of “freeman” — a person who is not a serf or a slave

From this reading Or they may, with advantage, consult Professor Freeman’s _General Sketch of History_, with maps, published at 3s.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

girlsnounUS /ɡɜːrlz/

plural of “girl” — a young female

From this reading The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.

GreeknounUS /ɡriːk/

the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.

historicaladjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

historiesnounUS /ˈhɪstəriz/

plural of “history” — the aggregate of past events

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

ignorantadjectiveUS /ˈɪɡnərənt/

uneducated in general; lacking knowledge or sophistication

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

ignoredadjectiveUS /ˌɪɡˈnɔːrd/

disregarded

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading As to whether you should read history backwards or forwards, much depends on your present stock of knowledge.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

majoritynounUS /məˈdʒɔːrəti/

the property resulting from being or relating to the greater in number of two parts; the main part

From this reading The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

mapsnounUS /mæps/

plural of “map” — a diagrammatic representation of the earth's surface (or part of it)

From this reading Or they may, with advantage, consult Professor Freeman’s _General Sketch of History_, with maps, published at 3s.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading As to whether you should read history backwards or forwards, much depends on your present stock of knowledge.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

oldenadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldən/

relating to time long past

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading As to whether you should read history backwards or forwards, much depends on your present stock of knowledge.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

pagenounUS /peɪdʒ/

one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

possessverbUS /pəˈzes/

have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.

precedingadjectiveUS /priˈsiːdɪŋ/

existing or coming before

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

preferverbUS /prəˈfɜːr/

like better; value more highly

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

primernounUS /ˈpraɪmər/

an introductory textbook

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

ProfessornounUS /prəˈfesər/

someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading Or they may, with advantage, consult Professor Freeman’s _General Sketch of History_, with maps, published at 3s.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading Or they may, with advantage, consult Professor Freeman’s _General Sketch of History_, with maps, published at 3s.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading As to whether you should read history backwards or forwards, much depends on your present stock of knowledge.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

snounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Or they may, with advantage, consult Professor Freeman’s _General Sketch of History_, with maps, published at 3s.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

serveverbUS /sɜːrv/

serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading As to whether you should read history backwards or forwards, much depends on your present stock of knowledge.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

SketchnounUS /sketʃ/

preliminary drawing for later elaboration

From this reading Or they may, with advantage, consult Professor Freeman’s _General Sketch of History_, with maps, published at 3s.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

stepping-stones

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

stocknounUS /stɑːk/

the capital raised by a corporation through the issue of shares entitling holders to an ownership interest

From this reading As to whether you should read history backwards or forwards, much depends on your present stock of knowledge.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Or they may, with advantage, consult Professor Freeman’s _General Sketch of History_, with maps, published at 3s.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

unfortunatelyadverbUS /ənˈfɔːrtʃənətli/

by bad luck

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading As to whether you should read history backwards or forwards, much depends on your present stock of knowledge.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

whicheverdeterminerUS /wɪˈtʃevər/

any one of a set, it does not matter which

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The majority of girls who read this page will, however, possess a fair knowledge of English history, and may at once begin their study of ancient civilisations, which will help them in no small degree to understand the present.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If circumstances have unfortunately left you ignorant, even of the history of your own country, you would be scarcely fitted to begin a Greek history, but should choose, in the first place, an English history, or historical primer, that you can understand.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading In the preceding chapters we have dealt with the subject of reading in general, and have mentioned many books of the olden world that must not be ignored, besides some histories, with historical fiction side by side, which may serve as stepping-stones down through the centuries to the present day, or up through the centuries to the dawn of history, whichever way you prefer to take your journey.

Chapter 3 of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899 by Various holds 186 sentences, grouped into 38 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899 contain?

Chapter 3 holds 186 sentences of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899, unabridged, divided into 38 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899 by Various exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 186 sentences, grouped into 38 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899?

Work through the 38 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 38 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899

Common questions about reading The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899 by Various on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899?

Yes. All 1161 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #62074 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #62074, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899 take to read?

About 96 minutes of reading across 233 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899 section by section

How to work through The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Price
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Penny
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lesson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Frederick
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1020, July 15, 1899; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.