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The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898
The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898 is here in full — 135 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.
At how early a date the manufacture of pottery began in this country, before the Roman invasion, is not absolutely known.
In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.
In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.
It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898 is here in full — 135 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.
Line 2
At how early a date the manufacture of pottery began in this country, before the Roman invasion, is not absolutely known.
Line 3
In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.
Line 4
In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.
Line 5
It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Celtic adjective US /ˈseltɪk/

relating to or characteristic of the Celts

From this reading “In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.”

ceramic adjective US /sərˈæmɪk/

of or relating to or made from a ceramic

From this reading “It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.”

glaze verb US /ɡleɪz/

coat with a glaze

From this reading “The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.”

pottery noun US /ˈpɑːtəri/

ceramic ware made from clay and baked in a kiln

From this reading “At how early a date the manufacture of pottery began in this country, before the Roman invasion, is not absolutely known.”

reinstated verb US /ˌriːɪnˈsteɪtɪd/

past form of “reinstate” — restore to the previous state or rank

From this reading “In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.”

signifying verb US /ˈsɪɡnəfaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “signify” — denote or connote

From this reading “The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.”

stoneware noun US /ˈstoʊnwer/

ceramic ware that is fired in high heat and vitrified and nonporous

From this reading “In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.”

translucent adjective US /trænˈsluːsənt/

allowing light to pass through diffusely

From this reading “The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

sixteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.”

thirteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.”

solid food adjective + noun

any solid substance (as opposed to liquid) that is used as a source of nourishment

In this reading “In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.”

on account preposition + noun

In this reading “The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.”

introduced into verb + particle counted as “introduce into”

In this reading “It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.”

came into verb + particle counted as “come into”

obtain, especially accidentally

In this reading “In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.”

own ideas verb + noun counted as “own idea”

In this reading “It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.”

manufacture of verb + particle

In this reading “At how early a date the manufacture of pottery began in this country, before the Roman invasion, is not absolutely known.”

All words in this reading · 115

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

absolutelyadverbUS /ˌæbsəˈluːtli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading At how early a date the manufacture of pottery began in this country, before the Roman invasion, is not absolutely known.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.

advanceverbUS /ədˈvæns/

move forward, also in the metaphorical sense

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

Anglo-Saxonnoun

a native or inhabitant of England prior to the Norman Conquest

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At how early a date the manufacture of pottery began in this country, before the Roman invasion, is not absolutely known.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading At how early a date the manufacture of pottery began in this country, before the Roman invasion, is not absolutely known.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading At how early a date the manufacture of pottery began in this country, before the Roman invasion, is not absolutely known.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

CelticadjectiveUS /ˈseltɪk/

relating to or characteristic of the Celts

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

ceramicadjectiveUS /sərˈæmɪk/

of or relating to or made from a ceramic

From this reading It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

ChinanounUS /ˈtʃaɪnə/

a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world

From this reading It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

cineraryadjective

containing or used for ashes of the cremated dead

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

confinedadjectiveUS /kənˈfaɪnd/

not invading healthy tissue

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading At how early a date the manufacture of pottery began in this country, before the Roman invasion, is not absolutely known.

cowrienoun

any of numerous tropical marine gastropods of the genus Cypraea having highly polished usually brightly marked shells

From this reading The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.

d'Entrecolles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

datenounUS /deɪt/

the specified day of the month

From this reading At how early a date the manufacture of pottery began in this country, before the Roman invasion, is not absolutely known.

delicateadjectiveUS /ˈdeləkət/

exquisitely fine and subtle and pleasing; susceptible to injury

From this reading The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.

derivedadjectiveUS /dərˈaɪvd/

formed or developed from something else; not original

From this reading The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.

descriptionnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

drinkingnounUS /ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ/

the act of consuming liquids

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading At how early a date the manufacture of pottery began in this country, before the Roman invasion, is not absolutely known.

elevatedadjectiveUS /ˈeləveɪtɪd/

raised above the ground

From this reading It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

EmpirenounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

employmentnounUS /emˈplɔɪmənt/

the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

enlargedadjectiveUS /ˌenˈlɑːrdʒd/

(of an organ or body part) excessively enlarged as a result of increased size in the constituent cells

From this reading It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

favournounUS /ˈfeɪvər/

a feeling of favorable regard

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

fayence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

fourteenthadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the thirteenth in position

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.

glassnounUS /ɡlæs/

a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

glazeverbUS /ɡleɪz/

coat with a glaze

From this reading The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

hornnounUS /hɔːrn/

a noisemaker (as at parties or games) that makes a loud noise when you blow through it

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

householdnounUS /ˈhaʊshoʊld/

a social unit living together

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At how early a date the manufacture of pottery began in this country, before the Roman invasion, is not absolutely known.

ideasnounUS /aɪˈdiːəz/

plural of “idea” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

importations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

improvementsnounUS /ˌɪmˈpruːvmənts/

plural of “improvement” — a change for the better; progress in development

From this reading It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading At how early a date the manufacture of pottery began in this country, before the Roman invasion, is not absolutely known.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

introducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

invasionnounUS /ˌɪnˈveɪʒən/

the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder

From this reading At how early a date the manufacture of pottery began in this country, before the Roman invasion, is not absolutely known.

inventedverbUS /ˌɪnˈventəd/

past form of “invent” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

ItaliannounUS /ˌɪˈtæljən/

a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading At how early a date the manufacture of pottery began in this country, before the Roman invasion, is not absolutely known.

learningnounUS /ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

manufactureverbUS /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃər/

put together out of artificial or natural components or parts

From this reading At how early a date the manufacture of pottery began in this country, before the Roman invasion, is not absolutely known.

marketnounUS /ˈmɑːrkət/

the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

metalnounUS /ˈmetəl/

any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc.

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

mysteriesnounUS /ˈmɪstəriz/

plural of “mystery” — something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained

From this reading It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading At how early a date the manufacture of pottery began in this country, before the Roman invasion, is not absolutely known.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

orientaladjectiveUS /ˌɔːriˈentəl/

denoting or characteristic of countries of the Far East

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

porcelainnounUS /ˈpɔːrsələn/

ceramic ware made of a more or less translucent ceramic

From this reading The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.

porcellana

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.

potteries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

potterynounUS /ˈpɑːtəri/

ceramic ware made from clay and baked in a kiln

From this reading At how early a date the manufacture of pottery began in this country, before the Roman invasion, is not absolutely known.

preferredadjectiveUS /prəˈfɜːrd/

more desirable than another

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

purposesnounUS /ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

plural of “purpose” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

Père

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

reinstatedverbUS /ˌriːɪnˈsteɪtɪd/

past form of “reinstate” — restore to the previous state or rank

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading At how early a date the manufacture of pottery began in this country, before the Roman invasion, is not absolutely known.

salt-glazed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

shellnounUS /ʃel/

ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge and a projectile; fired from a large gun

From this reading The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.

signifyingverbUS /ˈsɪɡnəfaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “signify” — denote or connote

From this reading The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.

sixteenthadjectiveUS /sɪkˈstiːnθ/

coming next after the fifteenth in position

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

solidadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləd/

characterized by good substantial quality

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

stonewarenounUS /ˈstoʊnwer/

ceramic ware that is fired in high heat and vitrified and nonporous

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

thirteenthadjectiveUS /ˈθɜːr.tiːnθ/

Constituting number thirteen in a sequence.

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading At how early a date the manufacture of pottery began in this country, before the Roman invasion, is not absolutely known.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

translucentadjectiveUS /trænˈsluːsənt/

allowing light to pass through diffusely

From this reading The name porcelain is derived from the Italian _porcellana_, signifying a cowrie shell, on account of the delicate translucent glaze on its surface.

tribesnounUS /traɪbz/

plural of “tribe” — a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading It was not until the good Père d'Entrecolles introduced into this country the learning of that ancient Empire of China, in the mysteries of the ceramic art, that our own ideas became enlarged and elevated above the improvements made in our potteries.

urns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

utensilsnounUS /juːˈtensəlz/

plural of “utensil” — an implement for practical use (especially in a household)

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In the thirteenth century pottery was reinstated in public favour; and a great advance was made in the art, a glaze being employed from the fourteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, when a new description of pottery was invented, a salt-glazed stoneware, which came into the market with importations of Italian fayence and oriental porcelain.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading In the Anglo-Saxon times the pottery of the Celtic tribes was confined to the manufacture of cinerary urns and very common utensils of household use; as they preferred the employment of glass and horn for drinking purposes, and metal or wood for solid food.

Chapter 4 of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898 by Various holds 135 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 135 sentences of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898 by Various exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 135 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898

Common questions about reading The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898 by Various on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898?

Yes. All 928 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #49185 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #49185, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898 take to read?

About 77 minutes of reading across 186 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898 section by section

How to work through The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Afternoon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Vicar
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Renton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stood
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 980, October 8, 1898; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.