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The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa
The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa is here in full — 65 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
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HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.
Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.
At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.
The countenance of the statue was expressive of intellect and vivacity, while the form was wrought into the highest ideal of activity and strength.
It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa is here in full — 65 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.
/ˈhɜːrmiz ɪt wɑːz ˈkʌstəmeri wɪð ðə mɔːr rəˈfaɪnd ˌerəˈstɑːkrəsi ʌv roʊm ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fɜːrst ˈsentʃəri ʌv ðə ˈempaɪər tuː peɪ ɡreɪt rɪˈspekt tuː ˈmɜːrkjəri ðə ɡɑːd ʌv ˌɪnˈvenʃən ənd ˌɪnˈtriːɡ/
Line 2
Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.
Line 3
At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.
Line 4
The countenance of the statue was expressive of intellect and vivacity, while the form was wrought into the highest ideal of activity and strength.
Line 5
It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

athletic adjective US /æθˈletɪk/

relating to or befitting athletics or athletes

From this reading “At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.”

deity noun US /ˈdiːəti/

any supernatural being worshipped as controlling some part of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force

From this reading “Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.”

fortuitous adjective US /fɔːrˈtuːɪtəs/

having no cause or apparent cause

From this reading “Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.”

hermes noun US /ˈhɜːrmiz/

(Greek mythology) messenger and herald of the gods; god of commerce and cunning and invention and theft; identified with Roman Mercury

From this reading “HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.”

intrigue noun US /ˌɪnˈtriːɡ/

a crafty and involved plot to achieve your (usually sinister) ends

From this reading “HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.”

pedestal noun US /ˈpedəstəl/

a support or foundation

From this reading “It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.”

regulated adjective US /ˈreɡjəleɪtɪd/

controlled or governed according to rule or principle or law

From this reading “Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.”

symmetrical adjective US /səˈmetrɪkəl/

having similarity in size, shape, and relative position of corresponding parts

From this reading “At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

answer the summons verb + article + noun counted as “answer … summons”

In this reading “It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.”

general opinion adjective + noun

In this reading “Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.”

immediately opposite adverb + adjective

In this reading “It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.”

great respect adjective + noun

In this reading “HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.”

some confusion adjective + noun

In this reading “It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.”

act of verb + particle

In this reading “At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.”

All words in this reading · 129

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

acquiredadjectiveUS /əˈkwaɪərd/

gotten through environmental forces

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

activitynounUS /ækˈtɪvəti/

any specific behavior

From this reading The countenance of the statue was expressive of intellect and vivacity, while the form was wrought into the highest ideal of activity and strength.

admirationnounUS /ˌædmərˈeɪʃən/

a feeling of delighted approval and liking

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

aristocracynounUS /ˌerəˈstɑːkrəsi/

a privileged class holding hereditary titles

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

athleticadjectiveUS /æθˈletɪk/

relating to or befitting athletics or athletes

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

attributedverbUS /əˈtrɪbjətɪd/

past form of “attribute” — attribute or credit to

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

calculatedadjectiveUS /ˈkælkjəleɪtɪd/

carefully thought out in advance

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

chariotnounUS /ˈtʃeriət/

a light four-wheel horse-drawn ceremonial carriage

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

confusionnounUS /kənˈfjuːʒən/

disorder resulting from a failure to behave predictably

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

countenancenounUS /ˈkaʊntənəns/

the appearance conveyed by a person's face

From this reading The countenance of the statue was expressive of intellect and vivacity, while the form was wrought into the highest ideal of activity and strength.

customaryadjectiveUS /ˈkʌstəmeri/

in accordance with convention or custom

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

deitynounUS /ˈdiːəti/

any supernatural being worshipped as controlling some part of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

dressverbUS /dres/

put on clothes

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

EmpirenounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

esteemnounUS /əˈstiːm/

the condition of being honored (esteemed or respected or well regarded)

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

expressiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspresɪv/

characterized by expression

From this reading The countenance of the statue was expressive of intellect and vivacity, while the form was wrought into the highest ideal of activity and strength.

exquisiteadjectiveUS /ˈekskwəzət/

intense or sharp

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The countenance of the statue was expressive of intellect and vivacity, while the form was wrought into the highest ideal of activity and strength.

fortuitousadjectiveUS /fɔːrˈtuːɪtəs/

having no cause or apparent cause

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

godnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

gracefuladjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪsfəl/

characterized by beauty of movement, style, form, or execution

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

hatnounUS /hæt/

headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

HERMESnounUS /ˈhɜːrmiz/

(Greek mythology) messenger and herald of the gods; god of commerce and cunning and invention and theft; identified with Roman Mercury

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

highestadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪəst/

superlative of “high” — greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The countenance of the statue was expressive of intellect and vivacity, while the form was wrought into the highest ideal of activity and strength.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

idealadjectiveUS /aɪˈdiːl/

conforming to an ultimate standard of perfection or excellence; embodying an ideal

From this reading The countenance of the statue was expressive of intellect and vivacity, while the form was wrought into the highest ideal of activity and strength.

immediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

inspireverbUS /ˌɪnˈspaɪr/

heighten or intensify

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

intellectnounUS /ˈɪntəlekt/

knowledge and intellectual ability

From this reading The countenance of the statue was expressive of intellect and vivacity, while the form was wrought into the highest ideal of activity and strength.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The countenance of the statue was expressive of intellect and vivacity, while the form was wrought into the highest ideal of activity and strength.

intriguenounUS /ˌɪnˈtriːɡ/

a crafty and involved plot to achieve your (usually sinister) ends

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

inventionnounUS /ˌɪnˈvenʃən/

the creation of something in the mind

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

Julius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

leafnounUS /liːf/

the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

maidensnounUS /ˈmeɪdənz/

plural of “maiden” — an unmarried girl (especially a virgin)

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

marblenounUS /ˈmɑːrbəl/

a hard crystalline metamorphic rock that takes a high polish; used for sculpture and as building material

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

MercurynounUS /ˈmɜːrkjəri/

a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

Pantheismnoun

(rare) worship that admits or tolerates all gods

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

pedestalnounUS /ˈpedəstəl/

a support or foundation

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

Placidus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

poisedadjectiveUS /pɔɪzd/

marked by balance or equilibrium and readiness for action

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

popularitynounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈlerəti/

the quality of being widely admired or accepted or sought after

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

porchnounUS /pɔːrtʃ/

a structure attached to the exterior of a building often forming a covered entrance

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

proportionsnounUS /prəˈpɔːrʃənz/

plural of “proportion” — the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

qualitiesnounUS /ˈkwɑːlətiz/

plural of “quality” — an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

refinedadjectiveUS /rəˈfaɪnd/

(used of persons and their behavior) cultivated and genteel

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

regulatedadjectiveUS /ˈreɡjəleɪtɪd/

controlled or governed according to rule or principle or law

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

representingverbUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪŋ/

-ing form of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

retiredadjectiveUS /rɪˈtaɪrd/

no longer active in your work or profession

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

rodnounUS /rɑːd/

a long thin implement made of metal or wood

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

simplyadverbUS /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

slavenounUS /sleɪv/

a person who is owned by someone

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

snakenounUS /sneɪk/

limbless scaly elongate reptile; some are venomous

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

statuenounUS /ˈstætʃuː/

a sculpture representing a human or animal

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading The countenance of the statue was expressive of intellect and vivacity, while the form was wrought into the highest ideal of activity and strength.

summonsnounUS /ˈsʌmənz/

a request to be present

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

symmetricaladjectiveUS /səˈmetrɪkəl/

having similarity in size, shape, and relative position of corresponding parts

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

trainverbUS /treɪn/

create by training and teaching

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

Valeria's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

vivacitynoun

characterized by high spirits and animation

From this reading The countenance of the statue was expressive of intellect and vivacity, while the form was wrought into the highest ideal of activity and strength.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Not that the qualities generally attributed to that power were calculated to inspire admiration or esteem, but simply because he had acquired a fortuitous popularity at a period when the graceful Pantheism of the nation was regulated by general opinion, and when a deity went in and out of fashion like a dress.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The countenance of the statue was expressive of intellect and vivacity, while the form was wrought into the highest ideal of activity and strength.

wingedadjectiveUS /wɪŋd/

having wings or as if having wings of a specified kind

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading HERMES It was customary with the more refined aristocracy of Rome, during the first century of the Empire, to pay great respect to Mercury, the god of invention and intrigue.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading It was placed on a square pedestal of marble immediately opposite the door; and behind this pedestal, the slave retired in some confusion when a train of maidens appeared from within, to answer the summons of Julius Placidus in his chariot.

wroughtadjectiveUS /rɔːt/

shaped to fit by or as if by altering the contours of a pliable mass (as by work or effort)

From this reading The countenance of the statue was expressive of intellect and vivacity, while the form was wrought into the highest ideal of activity and strength.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading At Valeria’s porch, in common with many other great houses, stood an exquisite statue of the god, representing him as a youth, of athletic and symmetrical proportions, poised on a winged foot in the act of running, with the broad‐leaf hat on his head, and the snake‐turned rod in his hand.

Chapter 2 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa by G. J. (George John) Whyte-Melville holds 65 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa contain?

Chapter 2 holds 65 sentences of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa, unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa by G. J. (George John) Whyte-Melville exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 65 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa by G. J. (George John) Whyte-Melville on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 6879 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47822 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #47822, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 573 minutes of reading across 1376 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Edited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Herbert
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Maxwell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.