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The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa
The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa is here in full — 161 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
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A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.
Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.
They had risen from their beds while it was yet dark, and hurried hither in order to be the first to salute the tribune at his morning levée.
Yet they found the great hall filling already with a bustling crowd of friends, retainers, clients, and dependants.
Damasippus was a short, square, beetle‐browed man, with a villainous leer; Oarses, a pale, sedate, and somewhat precise personage.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa is here in full — 161 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.
/ə ˈtrɪbjuːn ʌv ðə ˈliːdʒənz ˈʌndər ðə pɔːrtʃ ʌv wʌn ʌv ðə moʊst ləɡˈʒɜːriəs ˈhaʊsəz ɪn roʊm tuː men ˈdʒɑːsəld ɪn ðə ˈduːbiəs laɪt ʌv ˈɜːrli ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/
Line 2
Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.
Line 3
They had risen from their beds while it was yet dark, and hurried hither in order to be the first to salute the tribune at his morning levée.
Line 4
Yet they found the great hall filling already with a bustling crowd of friends, retainers, clients, and dependants.
Line 5
Damasippus was a short, square, beetle‐browed man, with a villainous leer; Oarses, a pale, sedate, and somewhat precise personage.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

clients noun US /ˈklaɪənts/

plural of “client” — a person who seeks the advice of a lawyer

From this reading “Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.”

jostled verb US /ˈdʒɑːsəld/

past form of “jostle” — make one's way by jostling, pushing, or shoving

From this reading “A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.”

legions noun US /ˈliːdʒənz/

plural of “legion” — archaic terms for army

From this reading “A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.”

retainers noun US /rɪˈteɪnərz/

plural of “retainer” — a fee charged in advance to retain the services of someone

From this reading “Yet they found the great hall filling already with a bustling crowd of friends, retainers, clients, and dependants.”

sedate adjective US /sɪˈdeɪt/

characterized by dignity and propriety

From this reading “Damasippus was a short, square, beetle‐browed man, with a villainous leer; Oarses, a pale, sedate, and somewhat precise personage.”

staunch adjective US /stɔːntʃ/

firm and dependable especially in loyalty

From this reading “Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.”

tribune noun US /ˈtrɪbjuːn/

(ancient Rome) an official elected by the plebeians to protect their interests

From this reading “A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.”

villainous adjective US /ˈvɪlənəs/

extremely wicked

From this reading “Damasippus was a short, square, beetle‐browed man, with a villainous leer; Oarses, a pale, sedate, and somewhat precise personage.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

hearty laugh adjective + noun

In this reading “Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.”

early morning adjective + noun

In this reading “A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.”

most luxurious adverb + adjective

In this reading “A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.”

two men noun + noun

In this reading “A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.”

great hall adjective + noun

the principal hall in a castle or mansion; can be used for dining or entertainment

In this reading “Yet they found the great hall filling already with a bustling crowd of friends, retainers, clients, and dependants.”

in order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “They had risen from their beds while it was yet dark, and hurried hither in order to be the first to salute the tribune at his morning levée.”

Under the porch preposition + article + noun counted as “under … porch”

In this reading “A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.”

pay court verb + noun

In this reading “Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Yet they found the great hall filling already with a bustling crowd of friends, retainers, clients, and dependants.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading They had risen from their beds while it was yet dark, and hurried hither in order to be the first to salute the tribune at his morning levée.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading They had risen from their beds while it was yet dark, and hurried hither in order to be the first to salute the tribune at his morning levée.

bedsnounUS /bedz/

plural of “bed” — a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading They had risen from their beds while it was yet dark, and hurried hither in order to be the first to salute the tribune at his morning levée.

beetlenounUS /ˈbiːtəl/

insect having biting mouthparts and front wings modified to form horny covers overlying the membranous rear wings

From this reading Damasippus was a short, square, beetle‐browed man, with a villainous leer; Oarses, a pale, sedate, and somewhat precise personage.

browed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Damasippus was a short, square, beetle‐browed man, with a villainous leer; Oarses, a pale, sedate, and somewhat precise personage.

bustlingadjectiveUS /ˈbʌsəlɪŋ/

full of energetic and noisy activity

From this reading Yet they found the great hall filling already with a bustling crowd of friends, retainers, clients, and dependants.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

clientsnounUS /ˈklaɪənts/

plural of “client” — a person who seeks the advice of a lawyer

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

crowdverbUS /kraʊd/

cause to herd, drive, or crowd together

From this reading Yet they found the great hall filling already with a bustling crowd of friends, retainers, clients, and dependants.

Damasippus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading They had risen from their beds while it was yet dark, and hurried hither in order to be the first to salute the tribune at his morning levée.

dependants

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet they found the great hall filling already with a bustling crowd of friends, retainers, clients, and dependants.

dubiousadjectiveUS /ˈduːbiəs/

fraught with uncertainty or doubt

From this reading A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

eagernessnounUS /ˈiːɡərnəs/

a positive feeling of wanting to push ahead with something

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.

ExclamationsnounUS /ˌekskləˈmeɪʃənz/

plural of “exclamation” — an abrupt excited utterance

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

fillingnounUS /ˈfɪlɪŋ/

any material that fills a space or container

From this reading Yet they found the great hall filling already with a bustling crowd of friends, retainers, clients, and dependants.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading They had risen from their beds while it was yet dark, and hurried hither in order to be the first to salute the tribune at his morning levée.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Yet they found the great hall filling already with a bustling crowd of friends, retainers, clients, and dependants.

freedmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Yet they found the great hall filling already with a bustling crowd of friends, retainers, clients, and dependants.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading They had risen from their beds while it was yet dark, and hurried hither in order to be the first to salute the tribune at his morning levée.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Yet they found the great hall filling already with a bustling crowd of friends, retainers, clients, and dependants.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading They had risen from their beds while it was yet dark, and hurried hither in order to be the first to salute the tribune at his morning levée.

hallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading Yet they found the great hall filling already with a bustling crowd of friends, retainers, clients, and dependants.

heartyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrti/

showing warm and heartfelt friendliness

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading They had risen from their beds while it was yet dark, and hurried hither in order to be the first to salute the tribune at his morning levée.

hitheradverbUS /ˈhɪðər/

an old word meaning “to this place”

From this reading They had risen from their beds while it was yet dark, and hurried hither in order to be the first to salute the tribune at his morning levée.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.

hurriedadjectiveUS /ˈhɜːrid/

moving rapidly or performed quickly or in great haste

From this reading They had risen from their beds while it was yet dark, and hurried hither in order to be the first to salute the tribune at his morning levée.

impatiencenounUS /ˌɪmˈpeɪʃəns/

a lack of patience; irritation with anything that causes delay

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading They had risen from their beds while it was yet dark, and hurried hither in order to be the first to salute the tribune at his morning levée.

jointnounUS /dʒɔɪnt/

(anatomy) the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton (especially if it allows motion)

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

jostledverbUS /ˈdʒɑːsəld/

past form of “jostle” — make one's way by jostling, pushing, or shoving

From this reading A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.

Julius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

laughnounUS /læf/

the sound of laughing

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

leerverb

look suggestively or obliquely; look or gaze with a sly, immodest, or malign expression

From this reading Damasippus was a short, square, beetle‐browed man, with a villainous leer; Oarses, a pale, sedate, and somewhat precise personage.

LEGIONSnounUS /ˈliːdʒənz/

plural of “legion” — archaic terms for army

From this reading A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.

levée

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had risen from their beds while it was yet dark, and hurried hither in order to be the first to salute the tribune at his morning levée.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.

luxuriousadjectiveUS /ləɡˈʒɜːriəs/

displaying luxury and furnishing gratification to the senses

From this reading A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Damasippus was a short, square, beetle‐browed man, with a villainous leer; Oarses, a pale, sedate, and somewhat precise personage.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.

mutualadjectiveUS /ˈmjuːtʃuːəl/

common to or shared by two or more parties

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

Oarses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading They had risen from their beds while it was yet dark, and hurried hither in order to be the first to salute the tribune at his morning levée.

other's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

paleadjectiveUS /peɪl/

very light colored; highly diluted with white

From this reading Damasippus was a short, square, beetle‐browed man, with a villainous leer; Oarses, a pale, sedate, and somewhat precise personage.

patronnounUS /ˈpeɪtrən/

a regular customer

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

personagenoun

another word for person; a person not meriting identification

From this reading Damasippus was a short, square, beetle‐browed man, with a villainous leer; Oarses, a pale, sedate, and somewhat precise personage.

Placidus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

porchnounUS /pɔːrtʃ/

a structure attached to the exterior of a building often forming a covered entrance

From this reading A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.

preciseadjectiveUS /prɪˈsaɪs/

sharply exact or accurate or delimited

From this reading Damasippus was a short, square, beetle‐browed man, with a villainous leer; Oarses, a pale, sedate, and somewhat precise personage.

recognisedadjectiveUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

provided with a secure reputation

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

recognitionnounUS /ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃən/

the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

retainersnounUS /rɪˈteɪnərz/

plural of “retainer” — a fee charged in advance to retain the services of someone

From this reading Yet they found the great hall filling already with a bustling crowd of friends, retainers, clients, and dependants.

risenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪzən/

(of e.g. celestial bodies) above the horizon

From this reading They had risen from their beds while it was yet dark, and hurried hither in order to be the first to salute the tribune at his morning levée.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.

saluteverbUS /səˈluːt/

propose a toast to

From this reading They had risen from their beds while it was yet dark, and hurried hither in order to be the first to salute the tribune at his morning levée.

sedateadjectiveUS /sɪˈdeɪt/

characterized by dignity and propriety

From this reading Damasippus was a short, square, beetle‐browed man, with a villainous leer; Oarses, a pale, sedate, and somewhat precise personage.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading Damasippus was a short, square, beetle‐browed man, with a villainous leer; Oarses, a pale, sedate, and somewhat precise personage.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading Damasippus was a short, square, beetle‐browed man, with a villainous leer; Oarses, a pale, sedate, and somewhat precise personage.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading Damasippus was a short, square, beetle‐browed man, with a villainous leer; Oarses, a pale, sedate, and somewhat precise personage.

staunchadjectiveUS /stɔːntʃ/

firm and dependable especially in loyalty

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

succeededverbUS /səkˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They had risen from their beds while it was yet dark, and hurried hither in order to be the first to salute the tribune at his morning levée.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

TRIBUNEnounUS /ˈtrɪbjuːn/

(ancient Rome) an official elected by the plebeians to protect their interests

From this reading A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.

UnderprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading A TRIBUNE OF THE LEGIONS Under the porch of one of the most luxurious houses in Rome, two men jostled in the dubious light of early morning.

villainousadjectiveUS /ˈvɪlənəs/

extremely wicked

From this reading Damasippus was a short, square, beetle‐browed man, with a villainous leer; Oarses, a pale, sedate, and somewhat precise personage.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading They had risen from their beds while it was yet dark, and hurried hither in order to be the first to salute the tribune at his morning levée.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Exclamations of impatience were succeeded by a mutual recognition, and a hearty laugh, as Damasippus and Oarses, freedmen and staunch clients of Julius Placidus, recognised each other’s eagerness to pay court to their joint patron.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading They had risen from their beds while it was yet dark, and hurried hither in order to be the first to salute the tribune at his morning levée.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Yet they found the great hall filling already with a bustling crowd of friends, retainers, clients, and dependants.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading They had risen from their beds while it was yet dark, and hurried hither in order to be the first to salute the tribune at his morning levée.

Chapter 7 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa by G. J. (George John) Whyte-Melville holds 161 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa contain?

Chapter 7 holds 161 sentences of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa by G. J. (George John) Whyte-Melville exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 161 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa by G. J. (George John) Whyte-Melville on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 6879 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47822 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #47822, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa take to read?

About 573 minutes of reading across 1376 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Edited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Herbert
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Maxwell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.