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The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa
The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa is here in full — 230 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa
Context Illustration Reading 1/46 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.
Beneath its base, the Tiber was gliding gently on towards the sea.
There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.
On a fragment of the ruin sat Esca, gazing intently on the water as it stole by.
To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa is here in full — 230 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/46 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.
/ˈstoʊlən ˈwɔːtərz ðə ˈbroʊkən ˈkɑːləm ʌv wʌn ʌv ðə ˈbɪldɪŋz dɪˈstrɔɪd ɪn ðə ɡreɪt ˈfaɪər ʌv roʊm ənd nɑːt jet rɪˈstɔːrd wɑːz ˈɡloʊɪŋ ˈkrɪmzən ɪn ðə ˈsetɪŋ sʌn/
Line 2
Beneath its base, the Tiber was gliding gently on towards the sea.
/bɪˈniːθ ɪts beɪs ðə ˈtaɪbər wɑːz ˈɡlaɪdɪŋ ˈdʒentli ɑːn təˈwɔːrdz ðə siː/
Line 3
There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.
Line 4
On a fragment of the ruin sat Esca, gazing intently on the water as it stole by.
Line 5
To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.
/tuː ɔːl əˈpɪrəns hɪz ˈlɪstləs ənd ˈdriːmi muːd wɑːz ˌʌnˈkɑːnʃəs ʌv sərˈaʊndɪŋ ˈɑːbdʒekts jet hɪz ˈætətuːd wɑːz ðæt ʌv wʌn priˈperd tuː stɑːrt ˈɪntuː ˈækʃən æt ə ˈmoʊmənts ˈnoʊtəs ənd ðoʊ hɪz ɑːrmz wɜːr ˈfoʊldəd ənd hɪz hed bent daʊn hɪz iːr wɑːz ˈwɑːtʃɪŋ ˈiːɡərli tuː kætʃ ðə ˈfeɪntəst saʊnd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

denoted verb US /dɪˈnoʊtəd/

past form of “denote” — be a sign or indication of

From this reading “There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.”

dreamy adjective US /ˈdriːmi/

dreamy in mood or nature

From this reading “To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.”

faintest adjective US /ˈfeɪntəst/

superlative of “faint” — deficient in magnitude; barely perceptible; lacking clarity or brightness or loudness etc

From this reading “To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.”

fragment noun US /ˈfræɡ.mənt/

A small part broken or separated off something larger.

From this reading “On a fragment of the ruin sat Esca, gazing intently on the water as it stole by.”

gliding noun US /ˈɡlaɪdɪŋ/

the activity of flying a glider

From this reading “Beneath its base, the Tiber was gliding gently on towards the sea.”

listless adjective US /ˈlɪstləs/

lacking zest or vivacity

From this reading “To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.”

pervade verb US /pərˈveɪd/

spread or diffuse through

From this reading “There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.”

Tiber noun US /ˈtaɪbər/

a river of central Italy; flows through Rome to the Tyrrhenian Sea

From this reading “Beneath its base, the Tiber was gliding gently on towards the sea.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

setting sun noun + noun

In this reading “STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.”

surrounding objects adjective + noun counted as “surrounding object”

In this reading “To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.”

Imperial City adjective + noun

In this reading “There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.”

faintest sound adjective + noun counted as “faint sound”

In this reading “To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.”

head bent noun + noun

In this reading “To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.”

broken column adjective + noun

In this reading “STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.”

towards the sea preposition + article + noun counted as “towards … sea”

In this reading “Beneath its base, the Tiber was gliding gently on towards the sea.”

into action preposition + noun

In this reading “To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

abandonverbUS /əˈbændən/

forsake, leave behind

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading On a fragment of the ruin sat Esca, gazing intently on the water as it stole by.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

attitudenounUS /ˈætətuːd/

a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

basenounUS /beɪs/

installation from which a military force initiates operations

From this reading Beneath its base, the Tiber was gliding gently on towards the sea.

BeneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading Beneath its base, the Tiber was gliding gently on towards the sea.

bentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

breadnounUS /bred/

food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast or baking powder and then baked

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.

buildingsnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋz/

plural of “building” — a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.

burdennounUS /ˈbɜːrdən/

an onerous or difficult concern

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading On a fragment of the ruin sat Esca, gazing intently on the water as it stole by.

catchverbUS /kætʃ/

discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

CitynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

columnnounUS /ˈkɑːləm/

a line of units following one after another

From this reading STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

crimsonadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪmzən/

of a color at the end of the color spectrum (next to orange); resembling the color of blood or cherries or tomatoes or rubies

From this reading STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

denotedverbUS /dɪˈnoʊtəd/

past form of “denote” — be a sign or indication of

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

destroyedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrɔɪd/

spoiled or ruined or demolished

From this reading STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

dreamyadjectiveUS /ˈdriːmi/

dreamy in mood or nature

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

eagerlyadverbUS /ˈiːɡərli/

with eagerness; in an eager manner

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

earnounUS /iːr/

the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

Esca

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On a fragment of the ruin sat Esca, gazing intently on the water as it stole by.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

faintestadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪntəst/

superlative of “faint” — deficient in magnitude; barely perceptible; lacking clarity or brightness or loudness etc

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.

foldedverbUS /ˈfoʊldəd/

past form of “fold” — bend or lay so that one part covers the other

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

fragmentnounUS /ˈfræɡ.mənt/

A small part broken or separated off something larger.

From this reading On a fragment of the ruin sat Esca, gazing intently on the water as it stole by.

gazingverbUS /ˈɡeɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “gaze” — look at with fixed eyes

From this reading On a fragment of the ruin sat Esca, gazing intently on the water as it stole by.

gentlyadverbUS /ˈdʒentli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading Beneath its base, the Tiber was gliding gently on towards the sea.

glidingnounUS /ˈɡlaɪdɪŋ/

the activity of flying a glider

From this reading Beneath its base, the Tiber was gliding gently on towards the sea.

glowingadjectiveUS /ˈɡloʊɪŋ/

highly enthusiastic

From this reading STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

humverbUS /hʌm/

sing with closed lips

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

imaginationnounUS /ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən/

the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

ImperialadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɪriəl/

relating to or associated with an empire

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.

intentlyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈtentli/

with strained or eager attention

From this reading On a fragment of the ruin sat Esca, gazing intently on the water as it stole by.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading On a fragment of the ruin sat Esca, gazing intently on the water as it stole by.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Beneath its base, the Tiber was gliding gently on towards the sea.

languornoun

a relaxed comfortable feeling

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

listlessadjectiveUS /ˈlɪstləs/

lacking zest or vivacity

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

moment'snounUS /ˈmoʊmənts/

possessive form of “moment” — a particular point in time

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

moodnounUS /muːd/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.

noticenounUS /ˈnoʊtəs/

an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

objectsnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekts/

plural of “object” — a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Beneath its base, the Tiber was gliding gently on towards the sea.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

pervadeverbUS /pərˈveɪd/

spread or diffuse through

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

preparedadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

reposeverbUS /riˈpoʊz/

put or confide something in a person or thing

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

restoredverbUS /rɪˈstɔːrd/

past form of “restore” — return to its original or usable and functioning condition

From this reading STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.

ruinnounUS /ˈruːən/

an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading On a fragment of the ruin sat Esca, gazing intently on the water as it stole by.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading On a fragment of the ruin sat Esca, gazing intently on the water as it stole by.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Beneath its base, the Tiber was gliding gently on towards the sea.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

settingnounUS /ˈsetɪŋ/

the context and environment in which something is set

From this reading STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

startverbUS /stɑːrt/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

stolenounUS /stoʊl/

a wide scarf worn about their shoulders by women

From this reading On a fragment of the ruin sat Esca, gazing intently on the water as it stole by.

STOLENverbUS /ˈstoʊlən/

inflected form of “steal” — take without the owner's consent

From this reading STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

subduedadjectiveUS /səbˈduːd/

in a softened tone

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.

surroundingadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋ/

closely encircling

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

TibernounUS /ˈtaɪbər/

a river of central Italy; flows through Rome to the Tyrrhenian Sea

From this reading Beneath its base, the Tiber was gliding gently on towards the sea.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

toilverbUS /tɔɪl/

work hard

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Beneath its base, the Tiber was gliding gently on towards the sea.

unconsciousadjectiveUS /ˌʌnˈkɑːnʃəs/

not conscious; lacking awareness and the capacity for sensory perception as if asleep or dead

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.

watchingnounUS /ˈwɑːtʃɪŋ/

the act of observing; taking a patient look

From this reading To all appearance his listless and dreamy mood was unconscious of surrounding objects, yet his attitude was that of one prepared to start into action at a moment’s notice; and though his arms were folded and his head bent down, his ear was watching eagerly to catch the faintest sound.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading On a fragment of the ruin sat Esca, gazing intently on the water as it stole by.

WATERSnounUS /ˈwɔːtərz/

United States actress and singer (1896-1977)

From this reading STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading There was a subdued hum even in the streets of the Imperial City that denoted how the burden and heat of the day were now past; and the languor of the hour seemed to pervade even those who were compelled to toil on in the struggle for bread, and who could only in imagination abandon themselves to repose.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading STOLEN WATERS The broken column of one of the buildings destroyed in the great fire of Rome, and not yet restored, was glowing crimson in the setting sun.

Chapter 8 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa by G. J. (George John) Whyte-Melville holds 230 sentences, grouped into 46 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa contain?

Chapter 8 holds 230 sentences of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa, unabridged, divided into 46 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa by G. J. (George John) Whyte-Melville exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 230 sentences, grouped into 46 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa?

Work through the 46 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 46 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa by G. J. (George John) Whyte-Melville on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 6879 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47822 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #47822, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa take to read?

About 573 minutes of reading across 1376 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Edited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Herbert
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Maxwell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.