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The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa
The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa is here in full — 116 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
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THE TRAININGSCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.
When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.
He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.
It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.
A thousand vague possibilities danced through his brain; a thousand wild and visionary schemes, of which Mariamne formed the centre figure.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa is here in full — 116 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE TRAININGSCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.
Line 2
When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.
/wen ðə tɜːrmz ʌv ðə ˈkɑːmbæt wɜːr ɪkˈspleɪnd tuː ðə ˈpɜːrsən ˈtʃiːfli ˈɪntrəstɪd ðæt jʌŋ ˈwɔːriər ˈiːɡərli ækˈseptɪd ðə ˈtʃæləndʒ æz əˈfɔːrdɪŋ æn ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti fɔːr ˌɪnˈdʌldʒəns ɪn ðoʊz fiːts ʌv ɑːrmz wɪtʃ ˈɜːrli ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən hæd ˈrendərd soʊ ˈpliːzɪŋ tuː hɪz ˈmɑːrʃəl ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/
Line 3
He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.
/hiː kʊd ˈvæŋkwɪʃ tuː sʌtʃ men æz ðə ˈtrɪbjuːn hiː θɔːt æt ˈeni ˈeksərsaɪz ənd wɪð ˈeni ˈwepənz bʌt hɪz feɪs sæŋk wen hiː lɜːrnd ðə ˈpenəlti ʌv ˈfeɪljər ənd ə ˈʃʌdər pæst θruː hɪz hoʊl freɪm æt ðə ber ˌpɑːsəˈbɪlətiː ʌv bɪˈkʌmɪŋ ə sleɪv tuː ˈeniwʌn bʌt hɪz ˈprezənt ˈmæstər/
Line 4
It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.
Line 5
A thousand vague possibilities danced through his brain; a thousand wild and visionary schemes, of which Mariamne formed the centre figure.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

affording verb US /əˈfɔːrdɪŋ/

-ing form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading “When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.”

feats noun US /fiːts/

plural of “feat” — a notable achievement

From this reading “When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.”

martial adjective US /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

(of persons) befitting a warrior

From this reading “When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.”

ordeal noun US /ɔːrˈdiːl/

a severe or trying experience

From this reading “THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.”

penalty noun US /ˈpenəlti/

the act of punishing

From this reading “He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.”

tribune noun US /ˈtrɪbjuːn/

(ancient Rome) an official elected by the plebeians to protect their interests

From this reading “He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.”

vanquish verb US /ˈvæŋkwɪʃ/

come out better in a competition, race, or conflict

From this reading “He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.”

visionary noun US /ˈvɪʒəneri/

a person given to fanciful speculations and enthusiasms with little regard for what is actually possible

From this reading “A thousand vague possibilities danced through his brain; a thousand wild and visionary schemes, of which Mariamne formed the centre figure.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

bare possibility adjective + noun

In this reading “He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.”

beat fast verb + particle

In this reading “It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.”

eagerly accepted adverb + adjective

In this reading “When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.”

once more adverb + adjective

anew

In this reading “It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.”

passed through verb + particle counted as “pass through”

make a passage or journey from one place to another

In this reading “He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.”

following day adjective + noun

In this reading “THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.”

early education adjective + noun

In this reading “When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.”

affording an opportunity verb + article + noun counted as “afford … opportunity”

In this reading “When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.”

All words in this reading · 120

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

acceptedadjectiveUS /ækˈseptɪd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

affordingverbUS /əˈfɔːrdɪŋ/

-ing form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

anyonepronounUS /ˈeniwʌn/

any person at all

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

bareadjectiveUS /ber/

completely unclothed

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

beatverbUS /biːt/

come out better in a competition, race, or conflict

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

becomingadjectiveUS /bɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

according with custom or propriety

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

bitterlyadverbUS /ˈbɪtərli/

with bitterness; in a resentful manner

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

brainnounUS /breɪn/

that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord

From this reading A thousand vague possibilities danced through his brain; a thousand wild and visionary schemes, of which Mariamne formed the centre figure.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

centrenounUS /ˈsentər/

a low-lying region in central France

From this reading A thousand vague possibilities danced through his brain; a thousand wild and visionary schemes, of which Mariamne formed the centre figure.

challengeverbUS /ˈtʃæləndʒ/

take exception to

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

chieflyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːfli/

for the most part

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

combatnounUS /ˈkɑːmbæt/

an engagement fought between two military forces

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

conquerverbUS /ˈkɑːŋkər/

bring under control by force or authority

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

dancedverbUS /dænst/

past form of “dance” — move in a graceful and rhythmical way

From this reading A thousand vague possibilities danced through his brain; a thousand wild and visionary schemes, of which Mariamne formed the centre figure.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

dispositionnounUS /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/

your usual mood

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

eagerlyadverbUS /ˈiːɡərli/

with eagerness; in an eager manner

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

Esca's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

eventnounUS /ɪˈvent/

something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

exercisenounUS /ˈeksərsaɪz/

the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

explainedverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪnd/

past form of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

exultationnoun

a feeling of extreme joy

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

failurenounUS /ˈfeɪljər/

an act that fails

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

fastadverbUS /fæst/

quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form)

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

featsnounUS /fiːts/

plural of “feat” — a notable achievement

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

figurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading A thousand vague possibilities danced through his brain; a thousand wild and visionary schemes, of which Mariamne formed the centre figure.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading A thousand vague possibilities danced through his brain; a thousand wild and visionary schemes, of which Mariamne formed the centre figure.

frameverbUS /freɪm/

enclose in or as if in a frame

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

indulgencenounUS /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒəns/

an inability to resist the gratification of whims and desires

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

interestedadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪd/

having or showing interest; especially curiosity or fascination or concern

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

joynounUS /dʒɔɪ/

the emotion of great happiness

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

libertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

Licinius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

Mariamne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A thousand vague possibilities danced through his brain; a thousand wild and visionary schemes, of which Mariamne formed the centre figure.

martialadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

(of persons) befitting a warrior

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

nerved

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

opportunitynounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

ordealnounUS /ɔːrˈdiːl/

a severe or trying experience

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

painfuladjectiveUS /ˈpeɪnfəl/

causing physical or psychological pain

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

penaltynounUS /ˈpenəlti/

the act of punishing

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

pleasingadjectiveUS /ˈpliːzɪŋ/

giving pleasure and satisfaction

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

possibilitiesnounUS /ˌpɑːsəˈbɪlətiz/

plural of “possibility” — a future prospect or potential

From this reading A thousand vague possibilities danced through his brain; a thousand wild and visionary schemes, of which Mariamne formed the centre figure.

possibilitynounUS /ˌpɑːsəˈbɪlətiː/

a future prospect or potential

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

promisedverbUS /ˈprɑːməst/

past form of “promise” — make a promise or commitment

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

renderedverbUS /ˈrendərd/

past form of “render” — cause to become

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

reproaching

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

resolutionnounUS /ˌrezəˈluːʃən/

a formal expression by a meeting; agreed to by a vote

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

sankverbUS /sæŋk/

inflected form of “sink” — fall or descend to a lower place or level

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

schemesnounUS /skiːmz/

plural of “scheme” — an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading A thousand vague possibilities danced through his brain; a thousand wild and visionary schemes, of which Mariamne formed the centre figure.

SCHOOLnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

shudderverbUS /ˈʃʌdər/

shake, as from cold

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

slavenounUS /sleɪv/

a person who is owned by someone

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

termsnounUS /tɜːrmz/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading A thousand vague possibilities danced through his brain; a thousand wild and visionary schemes, of which Mariamne formed the centre figure.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

TRAININGnounUS /ˈtreɪnɪŋ/

activity leading to skilled behavior

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

tribunenounUS /ˈtrɪbjuːn/

(ancient Rome) an official elected by the plebeians to protect their interests

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

vagueadjectiveUS /veɪɡ/

not clearly expressed or understood

From this reading A thousand vague possibilities danced through his brain; a thousand wild and visionary schemes, of which Mariamne formed the centre figure.

vanquishverbUS /ˈvæŋkwɪʃ/

come out better in a competition, race, or conflict

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

victorynounUS /ˈvɪktəri/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

visionarynounUS /ˈvɪʒəneri/

a person given to fanciful speculations and enthusiasms with little regard for what is actually possible

From this reading A thousand vague possibilities danced through his brain; a thousand wild and visionary schemes, of which Mariamne formed the centre figure.

warriornounUS /ˈwɔːriər/

someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

weaponsnounUS /ˈwepənz/

plural of “weapon” — any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE TRAINING‐SCHOOL But Licinius had an ordeal to go through on the following day, which was especially painful to the kind heart of the Roman general.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading It nerved him, however, all the more in his resolution to conquer; and when Licinius, reproaching himself bitterly the while, promised him his liberty in the event of victory, Esca’s heart beat fast with joy and hope and exultation once more.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading A thousand vague possibilities danced through his brain; a thousand wild and visionary schemes, of which Mariamne formed the centre figure.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He could vanquish two such men as the tribune, he thought, at any exercise and with any weapons; but his face sank when he learned the penalty of failure, and a shudder passed through his whole frame at the bare possibility of becoming a slave to anyone but his present master.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading When the terms of the combat were explained to the person chiefly interested, that young warrior eagerly accepted the challenge as affording an opportunity for indulgence in those feats of arms which early education had rendered so pleasing to his martial disposition.

Chapter 11 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa by G. J. (George John) Whyte-Melville holds 116 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa contain?

Chapter 11 holds 116 sentences of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa by G. J. (George John) Whyte-Melville exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 116 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 6879 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47822 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #47822, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 573 minutes of reading across 1376 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Edited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Herbert
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Maxwell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volume
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