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The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa
The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa is here in full — 261 sentences across 53 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/52 · 5 lines
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THE LURE [Initial L] Like other great cities, the poorer quarters of Rome were densely crowded.
The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.
The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.
That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.
Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa is here in full — 261 sentences across 53 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/52 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE LURE [Initial L] Like other great cities, the poorer quarters of Rome were densely crowded.
/ðə lʊr ˌɪˈnɪʃəl el laɪk ˈʌðər ɡreɪt ˈsɪtiz ðə ˈpuːrər ˈkwɔːrtərz ʌv roʊm wɜːr ˈdensli ˈkraʊdəd/
Line 2
The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.
Line 3
The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.
/ðə ˈhʌmbələr ɪnˈhæbətənts wɜːr ˈkɑːnsəkwəntli ˈdrɪvən tuː hɜːrd təˈɡeðər ɪn ɡreɪt ˈnʌmbərz wɪð ˈlɪtəl rɪˈɡɑːrd tuː helθ ɔːr kənˈviːnjəns ənd ðə striːts ˈliːdɪŋ tuː ənd əˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ ðə ˈtaɪbər wɜːr pərˈhæps ðə moʊst ˈθɪkli ˈpɑːpjəleɪtɪd ʌv ɔːl/
Line 4
That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.
Line 5
Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abduction noun US /æbˈdʌkʃən/

the criminal act of capturing and carrying away by force a family member; if a man's wife is abducted it is a crime against the family relationship and against the wife

From this reading “Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.”

densely adverb US /ˈdensli/

in a stupid manner

From this reading “THE LURE [Initial L] Like other great cities, the poorer quarters of Rome were densely crowded.”

humbler adjective US /ˈhʌmbələr/

comparative of “humble” — low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading “The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.”

Initial noun US /ˌɪˈnɪʃəl/

the first letter of a word (especially a person's name)

From this reading “THE LURE [Initial L] Like other great cities, the poorer quarters of Rome were densely crowded.”

patricians noun US /pəˈtrɪʃənz/

plural of “patrician” — a person of refined upbringing and manners

From this reading “The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.”

populated adjective US /ˈpɑːpjəleɪtɪd/

furnished with inhabitants

From this reading “The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.”

Tiber noun US /ˈtaɪbər/

a river of central Italy; flows through Rome to the Tyrrhenian Sea

From this reading “The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.”

wealthier adjective US /ˈwelθiər/

comparative of “wealthy” — having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value

From this reading “The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

great numbers adjective + noun

In this reading “The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.”

following day adjective + noun

In this reading “That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.”

well aware adverb + adjective

In this reading “Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.”

in the midst preposition + article + noun counted as “in … midst”

the middle or central part or point

In this reading “The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.”

great cities adjective + noun counted as “great city”

In this reading “THE LURE [Initial L] Like other great cities, the poorer quarters of Rome were densely crowded.”

draw water verb + noun

In this reading “That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.”

All words in this reading · 109

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

abductionnounUS /æbˈdʌkʃən/

the criminal act of capturing and carrying away by force a family member; if a man's wife is abducted it is a crime against the family relationship and against the wife

From this reading Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

adjoiningverbUS /əˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “adjoin” — lie adjacent to another or share a boundary

From this reading The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.

affectedadjectiveUS /əˈfektɪd/

acted upon; influenced

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

awareadjectiveUS /əˈwer/

(sometimes followed by “of”) having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization or perception

From this reading Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading THE LURE [Initial L] Like other great cities, the poorer quarters of Rome were densely crowded.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

consequentlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəntli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.

consumptionnounUS /kənˈsʌmpʃən/

the process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating)

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

conveniencenounUS /kənˈviːnjəns/

the state of being suitable or opportune

From this reading The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.

crowdedadjectiveUS /ˈkraʊdəd/

overfilled or compacted or concentrated

From this reading THE LURE [Initial L] Like other great cities, the poorer quarters of Rome were densely crowded.

cunningadjectiveUS /ˈkʌnɪŋ/

attractive especially by means of smallness or prettiness or quaintness

From this reading Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

denselyadverbUS /ˈdensli/

in a stupid manner

From this reading THE LURE [Initial L] Like other great cities, the poorer quarters of Rome were densely crowded.

devotedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

zealous in devotion or affection

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

drawverbUS /drɔː/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.

dwellingsnounUS /ˈdwelɪŋz/

plural of “dwelling” — housing that someone is living in

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

EgyptiannounUS /ɪˈdʒɪpʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Egypt

From this reading Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

Eleazar's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

emptyverbUS /ˈempti/

make void or empty of contents

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

gardensnounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənz/

plural of “garden” — a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading THE LURE [Initial L] Like other great cities, the poorer quarters of Rome were densely crowded.

groundsnounUS /ɡraʊndz/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

healthnounUS /helθ/

a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease

From this reading The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

herdnounUS /hɜːrd/

a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans

From this reading The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

householdnounUS /ˈhaʊshoʊld/

a social unit living together

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

humbleradjectiveUS /ˈhʌmbələr/

comparative of “humble” — low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.

InitialnounUS /ˌɪˈnɪʃəl/

the first letter of a word (especially a person's name)

From this reading THE LURE [Initial L] Like other great cities, the poorer quarters of Rome were densely crowded.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

JewishadjectiveUS /ˈdʒuːɪʃ/

of or relating to Jews or their culture or religion

From this reading Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

LnounUS /el/

a metric unit of capacity, formerly defined as the volume of one kilogram of pure water under standard conditions; now equal to 1,000 cubic centimeters (or approximately 1.75 pints)

From this reading THE LURE [Initial L] Like other great cities, the poorer quarters of Rome were densely crowded.

leadingadjectiveUS /ˈliːdɪŋ/

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

LikeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading THE LURE [Initial L] Like other great cities, the poorer quarters of Rome were densely crowded.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.

LUREnounUS /lʊr/

qualities that attract by seeming to promise some kind of reward

From this reading THE LURE [Initial L] Like other great cities, the poorer quarters of Rome were densely crowded.

maidennounUS /ˈmeɪdən/

an unmarried girl (especially a virgin)

From this reading Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

midstnounUS /mɪdst/

the location of something surrounded by other things

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.

Oarses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE LURE [Initial L] Like other great cities, the poorer quarters of Rome were densely crowded.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading THE LURE [Initial L] Like other great cities, the poorer quarters of Rome were densely crowded.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

passengersnounUS /ˈpæsəndʒərz/

plural of “passenger” — a traveler riding in a vehicle (a boat or bus or car or plane or train etc) who is not operating it

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

patriciansnounUS /pəˈtrɪʃənz/

plural of “patrician” — a person of refined upbringing and manners

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

pooreradjectiveUS /ˈpuːrər/

comparative of “poor” — deserving or inciting pity

From this reading THE LURE [Initial L] Like other great cities, the poorer quarters of Rome were densely crowded.

populatedadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːpjəleɪtɪd/

furnished with inhabitants

From this reading The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.

protestedverbUS /prəˈtestɪd/

past form of “protest” — utter words of protest

From this reading Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

quartersnounUS /ˈkwɔːrtərz/

housing available for people to live in

From this reading THE LURE [Initial L] Like other great cities, the poorer quarters of Rome were densely crowded.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading THE LURE [Initial L] Like other great cities, the poorer quarters of Rome were densely crowded.

ruraladjectiveUS /ˈrʊrəl/

living in or characteristic of farming or country life

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

seldomadverbUS /ˈseldəm/

not often

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

spacenounUS /speɪs/

the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.

sunsetnounUS /ˈsʌnset/

the time in the evening at which the sun begins to fall below the horizon

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

tastesnounUS /teɪsts/

plural of “taste” — the sensation that results when taste buds in the tongue and throat convey information about the chemical composition of a soluble stimulus

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE LURE [Initial L] Like other great cities, the poorer quarters of Rome were densely crowded.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

thicklyadverbUS /ˈθɪkli/

spoken with poor articulation as if with a thick tongue

From this reading The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

throngedadjectiveUS /θrɔːŋd/

filled with great numbers crowded together

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

TibernounUS /ˈtaɪbər/

a river of central Italy; flows through Rome to the Tyrrhenian Sea

From this reading The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

wealthieradjectiveUS /ˈwelθiər/

comparative of “wealthy” — having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Oarses was well aware of this, and therefore it was that the cunning Egyptian had protested against an abduction of the Jewish maiden by open force from her father’s door.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE LURE [Initial L] Like other great cities, the poorer quarters of Rome were densely crowded.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The patricians, and indeed all the wealthier class, affected rural tastes even in the midst of the capital, and much space was devoted to the gardens and pleasure‐grounds which surrounded their dwellings.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The humbler inhabitants were consequently driven to herd together in great numbers, with little regard to health or convenience, and the streets leading to and adjoining the Tiber were perhaps the most thickly populated of all.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading That in which Eleazar’s house stood, was seldom empty of passengers at any hour of the twenty‐four, and least of all about sunset when the women thronged out of their dwellings to draw water for the household consumption of the following day.

Chapter 20 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa by G. J. (George John) Whyte-Melville holds 261 sentences, grouped into 53 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa contain?

Chapter 20 holds 261 sentences of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa, unabridged, divided into 53 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa by G. J. (George John) Whyte-Melville exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 261 sentences, grouped into 53 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa?

Work through the 53 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 53 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #47822, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 573 minutes of reading across 1376 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Edited
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Herbert
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Maxwell
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Volume
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